美国文学复习资料

1、美国文学复习资料. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (1分 x 20题 = 20 分) II. Fill in the blanks. (1分 x 10题 = 10 分)1. The colonial history of the United States refers to the history of the land from the start of

2、 European settlement to the time of _from Europe, and especially to the history of the thirteen colonies of Britain which declared themselves independent in 1776. independence 2. The first writings that we call American were the narratives叙xu事作品and _of the early settlements移民.   journ

3、al日记        3. The first English permanent settlement-_ - in North America was set up in 1607. Jamestown 4. The May Flower 五月花 (the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620 ) arrived in December 1620 with 102 Puritan pilgrims on boa

4、rd 在船上 who came to the New World in search of religious freedom. The ship headed for Jamestown, but strong wind drove her to what is now Princeton Harbor and another settlement the _ was established. Plymouth Colony 1620年12月,“五月花号”承载着102名清教徒来到了这片新大陆寻找宗教自由。"五月花号"的目的地是詹姆斯敦,但强风使她偏离了航线, 最后来到了今

5、天的普林斯顿港口,在此清教徒们建立了第二个殖民点:普利茅斯殖民点。5. The war between the English government and the colonies broke out in September, 1775, and came to an end in October, 1781, with Gornwallis's encircled army surrendering to General Washington. The triumph of the war by the colonists brought into being an _, the

6、 United States, in 1783. independent nation6. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _  and   Thoreau. Emerson  7. The May Flower arrived in December 1620 with 102 Puritan pilgrims on board who came to the New World in search of

7、 religious freedom. The ship headed for Jamestown but strong wind drove her to what is now Princeton Harbor and another settlement _ was established. the Plymouth Colony8. The most influential religious thought of this period was the Puritanism which is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. Dur

8、ing the reign of Elizabeth I , one of the sects教派 of Puritans separated from the Protestants 新教徒 and after much persecution they took refuge in the Netherlands. They finally determined to immigrate to the New World in search of _. religious freedom 9. Writers of the colonial period were mostly _. Th

9、ey wrote about their voyages to the New World, about adapting to the new circumstances, about farming and hunting, and about their dealing with the Indians. They also wrote about political and religious matters, and about their dreams of the vast land which stretched before them. In their writings,

10、the history of early America, especially in New England, was filled with references to The Bible and God's will. Everything could be explained from the religious perspective: storms and sickness might represent God's wrath; a good harvest might signify God's blessing. European immigrants

11、 10. Thomas Jefferson is remembered as the author of The Declaration of Independence (1776). He is considered a true_ and one of the founders of the United States. He is the third President of the United States (1801 -1809). Enlightenment thinker11. The English colonies殖民地人民in North America rose in

12、arms against their parent country and the continental congress adopted批准_in 1776. The Declaration of Independence 12. Thomas Paine was very active in the cause of American Revolution and gained the title of _, which showed his contribution. The Father of American Revolution13. In American literature

13、, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. _was the dominant. Rationalism14. John Smith (1580-1631) was remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at_, Virginia. With the greater part of his letter being published in 1608, John Smith was reg

14、arded as the first American writer. Jamestown15. William Bradford was on the Mayflower, landed at Plymouth at the age of 30 and was elected the first governor of the colony. He is chiefly remembered as the author of _. The History of Plymouth Plantation 16. John Winthrop was elected governor of the

15、Massachusetts Bay Colony before they arrived there and he became a leader of the settlers throughout the remaining years of his life. The journals that he kept as the colonial official were published as _. The History of New England 17. Anne Dudley Bradstreet, an American poet, came from England wit

16、h her husband Simon Bradstreet to the Massachusetts Bay Colony of North America at the age of eighteen in 1630. As the mother of eight children, she was kept busy by house-keeping, but she was not contented and tried her hand at poetry. In 1650, her first collection of poems was published, which was

17、 entitled _. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America在1650年，约翰·伍德布里奇牧师替安妮用“美国的一位淑女”的名字出版了名为出现在美国的第十个缪斯的诗集，这使得安妮成为了英国和美国第一位出版诗作的女诗人。18. _ is father of the detective story 侦探小说and of psychoanalytic 心理分析批评criticism. Edgar Allan Poe19. What did Fitzgerald call the 1920s? _. The Jazz Age20. Mark T

18、wain was a representative of _ in American literature. local colorism21. _ is a novel about how a group of people on a whaling ship 捕bu鲸船 kill a great whale but themselves are killed by the whale, with the conflict between man and his fate. Moby-Dick 22. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the a

19、uthors tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more _. Pessimistic23. The short story “Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(美国作家欧文所写一篇故事名及其主人公) ” reveals the _ attitude of its author. Conservative24. Which of the following statements about O. Henry is NOT right? _ T

20、he plots are usually clumsy 情节复杂难懂、文体臃肿.25. William Faulkners works mainly concern the American_. South 26. The colonial literature is rich _. The reason is self-evident if we bear in mind that they were almost all religious people - Puritans. in religious color27. The Enlightenment was an inte

21、llectual movement that was originated from France. The movement attracted widespread support from all progressive forces of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. The Enlightenment advocates hold that man need not wait for God's grace to perfect him in heaven, but can a

22、ttain the perfection on earth by trusting reason and scientific experiments. Therefore, the Enlightenment is sometimes called _. the Age of Reason 28. _ is NOT a fictional虚构人物 character in The Scarlet Letter. Santiago29. During the period after the Civil War, the American society entered in what Mar

23、k Twain referred to as _. the Gilded Age  30. In Leaves of Grass, _ is all that concerned Whitman. individualism, freedom,  democracy  31. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is_. Washington Irving

24、 32. “Two roads diverged in yellow wood and sorry I could not travel both” In the above two lines of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken, the poet, by implication, was referring to _. ones course of life 33. Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. He was one o

25、f the most important American thinkers during the revolutionary period. He stood as the epitome (缩影) of the Enlightenment(美国启蒙运动) and as the versatile embodiment of rational man of the period. His Poor Richard's Almanac穷理查年鉴contains a large number of _ about life. It was a particularly influenti

26、al book in the early American literature. His The Autobiography自传: It records the author's rising from poverty or humble beginnings to success. It is an early example of the American dream. It could be seen as the representative work of Franklin. practical sayings 34. Thomas Paine's greatest

27、 contribution to the Enlightenment Movement is his The Age of Reason, a deistic declaration 自然神的宣言 advocating a rationalistic view of religion主张一种理性的宗教观点. His Common Sense 常识 is his most famous political pamphlet and is regarded as the greatest of the Revolutionary pamphlets. It had great impact on

28、American Revolution. His _: It inspired the residents of colonial lands to resist the British Army. (本书鼓励殖民地人民抵抗英国军队。) His The Rights of Man 人的权利supported the French Revolution. The American Crisis 美国危机35. Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰弗逊 (1743-1826) is remembered as the author of _ (1776). He is consid

29、ered a true Enlightenment thinker and one of the founders of the United States.He is the third President of the United States (1801 -1809). The Declaration of Independence 36. American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were “_,” devoid of 缺乏自信faith and alienated from

30、the Western civilization疏离西方文明Lost Generation 37. American Romanticism stretches from the end of the _ century through the outbreak of _. 18th, the Civil War 38. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative 创新in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “_.” free verse自由诗体 39. From 1732 to 17

31、58，Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous _, an annual collection of proverbs. Poor Richards Almanac 本杰明 ·富兰克林:穷理查年鉴40. Transcendentalists recognized _as the “highest power of the soul”. Intuition直/觉/41. Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? The American

32、 Scholar   42. For Melville, as well as for the reader and _, the narrator, Moby Dick 白鲸is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery终极奥秘of the universe. Ishmael伊希梅尔 43. _ is called by 马克吐温 the one from which “all modern American literature comes.” The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn &#

33、160; 44. Dreisers Trilogy of Desire德莱塞的“欲望三部曲includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and_ . The Stoic 45. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) was the head of the _. Transcendentalist movement46. Emerson was a liberator from old _ and a leader in experimentation and self-reliance. Conven

34、tions47. Emerson believed in the limitless_ and dignity of man and pointed out that" man is everything" and man can master his own destiny. potential 48. One of Emersons most important works is Nature, which was regarded as “the manifesto of American _”. Transcendentalism49. Emerson firmly

35、 believed in the transcendence of _. “over-soul” 50. Emerson regarded nature as the purest, the most sanctifying moral influence on man, and advocated a_ of spiritual and immanent God in nature. direct intuition 51. Emerson held that everyone should understand that he makes himself making the world,

36、 and he makes the world by_. making himself 52. Emerson held asserts that each individual is a manifestation of creation and as such holds the key to unlocking the_. mysteries of the universe53. In 1862, President Lincoln exclaimed: “So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this g

37、reat war!” Who is this woman referred to? _. Mrs. Stowe  54. Stylistically, Henry James fiction is characterized by_. highly refined language55. “I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”Who could have wr

38、itten these lines? _.Walt Whitman 56. In_, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference. “The Road Not Taken”57. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irv

39、ings work named _. The Sketch Book58. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, _became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th centuryRealism 59. Mark Twain wrote most of his literary works with a _ language. vernacular  白话的

40、、方言的      60. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet Letter “A” which originally stands for “_”, finally obtains the meaning of “able” or “angel” through Hesters efforts. adultery  通奸     61. Shortly after his graduation from Harvard, Thoreau

41、established a close friendship with the Transcendentalist writer Ralph Waldo Emerson, who became his literary mentor. And Thoreaus friendship with Emerson led to his involvement with the _ Club. Transcendentalist 62. Henry David Thoreaus Transcendental philosophy and his scientific knowledge contrib

42、uted to his love of _. nature 63. In 1845, Thoreau built himself a cabin in the woods by _and lived there alone for two years. He raised his own food and spent very little money, devoting most of his time to study and reflection. Later he wrote a famous book Walden to illustrate his philosophy and o

43、bservations of life. Walden Pond64. Walden is one of the best-known non-fiction books written by Henry David Thoreau, a famous American writer. Published in 1854, it details Thoreau's living in a cabin near Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Con

44、cord, Massachusetts. Thoreau lived at Walden for two years, two months, and two days with expressed seasonal divisions. Thoreau hoped to isolate himself from society in order to gain a more objective 客观的 understanding of it. Simplicity and self-reliance were Thoreau's other goals, and the whole

45、project was inspired by _ philosophy. Transcendentalist 65. Walden emphasizes the importance of solitude, contemplation, and closeness to _ in transcending the "desperate" existence that, he argues, is the lot of most people. Nature66. William Faulkners works mainly concern the American _.

46、 South       67. _ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time. Emily Dickinson68. In William Faulkners The Sound and the Fury喧哗与骚动, he used a technique called _, in which the whole story was told thr

47、ough the thoughts of one character. stream of consciousness 69. It is on his_ that Washington Irvings fame mainly rested. tales about America70. At the middle of 19th century, America witnessed a cultural flowering 兴盛 which is called “_”.the American Renaissance 71. As a philosophical and literary m

48、ovement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning _. nature, man and the universe 72. The great sea adventure story Moby-Dick is usually considered_. an adventurous exploration into mans relationship with nature 73. Which statement is right about the novel

49、 A Farewell to Arms? - The author emphasizes his belief that man is trapped both physically and mentally and suggests that man is doomed to be entrapped.74. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is_. Washington Irving75

50、. In Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death, _. death is a stage of life and it leads people to the Heaven of immortality76. Which is generally regarded as the manifesto and the Bible of American Transcendentalism? Emersons Nature 77. The Publication of _established Emerson as the most

51、eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. Nature78. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd, Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is the shortest poem written by _. Ezra Pound 79. Benjamin Franklins masterpiece_ records his rising from poverty or humble beginnings to success. Autobiogr

52、aphy80. The greatest Transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is _. Walden81. _was the first American to achieve an International literary reputation. Washington Irving 82. Ralph Waldo Emersons essay The American Scholar has been regarded as Americas Declaration of _Independence. Intellectual83. T

53、hanatopsis is William Cullen Bryants most famous nature poem, the Greek title means _. view of death 84. Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the “_movement”. imagist85. Nature has been called “the manifesto of American _” . Transcendentalism 86. In 1954, Ernest Hemi

54、ngway was awarded a _ for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”. Nobel Prize87. What did Fitzgerald call the 1920s? _ The Jazz Age 88. The famous lines from The Declaration of Independence are “We hold these truth with certain unalienable rights, that among them are Life, _ and the pursuit of

55、 Happiness. Liberty89. The Slaves Dream not only shows Longfellows sympathy for slaves but also revealed the _. cruelty of drivers 90. Hard work, thrift, piety 虔诚and sobriety冷静节制were the_ values that dominated much of the early American writing. Puritan91. “God help those who help themselves天助自助者” i

56、s a proverb from Benjamin Franklins _. Poor Richards Almanac92. As a genre, naturalism emphasized heredity and _ as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters that were presented in special and detailed circumstances. Environment93. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet Letter “A” which originally stands for “_”. adultery94. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called _, which is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. free verse 95. In Ameri