考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1997年part2

1、考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析 -1997 年 part2Part TwoA report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently madeof Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are of co

2、urse, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many partsof the country, a traveler was a welcomebreak in an otherwise dull existe

3、nce. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realitiesof the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someonetravel

4、ing alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the strangerand t

5、ake care of him, there was no one elsewho would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in th

6、e smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails."I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon heinvited me home for dinner - amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. Th

7、e casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial,but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social

8、 interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meant that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend"

9、;, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many American value hig

10、hlyand expect from both neighborsand strangers.5. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, .A) rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB) small minded officials deserve a serious commentC) Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD) most Americans are ready to offer help6. It could

11、be inferred from the last paragraph that .A) culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB) courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC) various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD) social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conv

12、entions7 . Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers .A) to improve their hard lifeB) in view of their long distance travelC) to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD) out of a charitable impulse8. The tradition of hospitality to strangers .A) tends to be superficial and artifi

13、cialB) is generally well kept up in the United StatesC) is always understood properlyD) was something to do with the busy tourist trailsUnit4 (1997) Part 2重点词汇：1.courteous ? (有礼貌的)即 court+eous ，court 看作单词 " 宫廷 " ， -eous 形容词后缀， " 宫廷的"T有礼貌的。2.observation (观察；pl.观察后的言论)J observe 观察

14、+ation °God creates by intuition; man creates by inspiration, strengthened by observation.上帝凭着直觉创造，人类凭着由观察加强的灵感创造。3. deserve ( v. 应受，值得)与 desert 一起记， " 沙漠是应该受到重视的 " 。4. charitable(仁慈的)即 charit( y) +able ，charity 仁慈， -able 形容词后缀。5. assumption假定； 承担； 呈现是assume 的名词形式；assumption - the mot

15、her ofscrew-up 臆断 - 把事情弄糟的根源。6.interrelationship?相互关系 即 inter+relation+ship，inter- 相互， relation 关系，-ship 抽象名词后缀。7. encounter v.n.遭遇即 en+counter , en-使，counter 对面，使面对面宀遭遇。If we encountered a man of rare intellect, we should ask him what books he read.假设遇到才智非凡的人，就应该问他读的是哪些书。8.individual 个别的；个体即 in+div

16、id+ual ， in- 否认前缀， divid 词根 "分" ， -ual 后缀，"不可再分的t个别的。同根词：divide v.分配；除;subdivide宀sub在下+divide t "在下面分 "t再分。 The worth of a state, in the long run, is the worth of the individuals composing it. 归根结底，国家的价值就是组成它的个人的价值9. exclusively专有地；排外地是 exclude v. 除外的副词形式。 Freedom is alwaysa

17、nd exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently.对于独立思考的人，自由永远是也只能是自由。10. entertainv. 招待；使快乐即 enter+tain ， enter- =inter ， tain 词根"容纳"，于是使容纳进来"t招待t使快乐；名词形式为entertainment Jentertain+ment 。同根词：contain t con+tain t " 一起容纳 t容纳。难句解析： There are, of course, exceptions. Small-mi

18、nded officials, rude waiters, andill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.第一个句子使用了 there be 句型，其中 of course 是插入语。第二句是主语+系动词 +表语结构。第三句话中使用了 so. that 结构：其中 made so frequently 是过去分词作定语，修 饰前面的 observation 。第一句中的 of cours

19、e 作插入语，用逗号与句子的其它局局部开，在开始阅读的时候可以不看。注意第二句话中使用了双重否认表示肯定： hardly unknown 等于 pretty well-known以至于。另外 observation 这里的意思是 " 因观另外注意 so. that结构的用法：太察而得出的意见 " 。另外 it deserves comment 中的 it 指代前面的 observation 。 Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside

20、world.句子的主干结构是 Strangers and travelers were. and brought.。注意 diversion 在这里的含义是 " 解闷，取乐的事情，消遣，娱乐 "，而不是 "转移，转向 " 的 意思。 Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.这是一个简单句。 traveling alone 是现在分词作定语修饰前面的some

21、one， if hungry,injured, or ill. 实际上是简略的 if 引导的状语从句， 相当于 if he is hungry, injured, or ill ，这里作插入成分。另外 have sth.+ 动词不定式，这一结构中的动词不定式通常是相 当于定语局部，修饰前面的 sth. ，这里就是：没有可以投靠 to turn to/ 动词不定式的 地方 nowhere/sth. 。注意 turn to 这里的引申含义是 " 投靠，求助于，求教于 " 的意思。 It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or

22、 merely a charitable impulse on the Part of the settlers.句子的主干结构是 It was not a matter of choice. or merely a charitable impulse. ， 是主语 +系动词 +表语的结构。表语由并列的两局部组成，由or 来连接。on the Part of 相当于前面的 for ，意思是 "在 方面，对 而言 "。 The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as sup

23、erficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.这个句子的主干结构是 The casual friendliness should be interpreted neither as A norB, but as C ，使用了被动语态。其中neither. nor.结构后用的是同样词性的成分：形容词 superficial 和 artificial 。注意 neither. nor. but结构的使用：既不是 也不是 而是 ，重点在but 之后。 as the/a result of ：作为 的结果，由于 而 。 As is true of any developed society, in America a