veinlymph静脉淋巴组胚PPT学习教案

1、会计学1veinlymph静脉淋巴组胚静脉淋巴组胚n Systemic veins Superficial表皮表皮 veins and deep深层深层 veinsn Superficial veins l Lies in the subcutaneous皮下皮下 fascia, not paired with artery l Cooling降温降温 of the bodyl Used for transfuse输血输血, catheterize and phlebotomize 第1页/共50页n Deep veins l Accompany the arteries with the s

2、ame name and same supplying areal Usually two or three in numberl Carry the vast majority of the blood 第2页/共50页Venous valve静脉瓣静脉瓣n Paired, semilunar半月形半月形, open towards the heartn Numerous多多 in the limbs四肢四肢, especially in the lower limbsn A few or absent in head, neck, thorax, abdomen肚子肚子 and pelvi

3、s骨盆骨盆Varicosity静脉曲张静脉曲张 第3页/共50页The Systemic VeinsDivided into three groupsn Superior vena cava and its tirbutaries支流支流. n Inferior vena cava and its tributaries including hepatic肝门静肝门静脉脉 portal vein and its tributaries . n Veins of the heart.第4页/共50页Superior vena cavan Drains 排走排走the blood from the

4、 head, neck, upper limb, thorax and part of the abdominal walln Formed by right and left brachiocephalic头臂头臂 veinsn Receives the azygos单奇单奇 veinSuperior vena cavaBrachiocephalic veinAzygos vein第5页/共50页Brachiocephalic veinn Formed by internal固有固有 jugular vein and subclavian vein behind the sternoclav

5、icular joint胸锁骨胸锁骨关节关节n The angle of the union联联合合 is termed the venous angle静脉角静脉角Internal jugular veinSubclavian veinVenous angle第6页/共50页Internal jugular veinn Begins at the jugular foramen颈静脉孔颈静脉孔n Intra-cranial tributaries 内内颅侧支流颅侧支流Collects blood from the meninges, skull, brainn Extra-cranial t

6、ributaries Collects blood from superficial parts of face and much of the neckn Keeps openSigmoid sinusInternal jugular veinBrachiocephalic veinJugular foramen第7页/共50页Facial脸脸 veinn Begins at the medial angle of the eyen Receives the anterior division of the retromandibular下颌后静脉下颌后静脉 veinn Drains int

7、o the internal jugular vein n Collects the blood from the anterior part of face第8页/共50页Angular具梭具梭 veindeep facial veinpterygoid venous plexusFacia脸脸l veininternal jugular vein cavernous sinussuperior and inferior ophthalmic眼眼 vein第9页/共50页n Facial vein has no valves above the corners of the mouthn F

8、acial Infection may lead to intracranial inflammations 颅颅内发炎内发炎through connections with cavernous sinusn “dangerous area”, dont sqeeze the acne第10页/共50页Retromandibular vein superficial temporal vein maxillary vein retromandibular veinposterior auricular vein external jugular vein internal jugular ve

9、infacial vein pterygoid venous plexus common facial vein 48第11页/共50页External jugular veinThe greatest superficial vein in the neckInternal jugular veinSubclavian veinExternal jugular veinJugular filling resulted from right heart failure衰竭衰竭第12页/共50页basilic vein cephalic vein Superficial 表面表面veins of

10、 upper limbDorsal背部背部 venous rete网网 of hand第13页/共50页Cephalic头侧头侧 veinn Begins in the radial 桡骨桡骨part of the dorsal venous rete of handn Ascends along the radial side廉廉n Pierces the deep fascia to join in the axillary腋窝腋窝 vein or subclavian veinAxillary veinCephalic veinPectoralis majorDeltoid第14页/共5

11、0页Basilic veinn Begins in the ulnar 尺侧尺侧part of the dorsal venous rete of hand n Ascends to the medial side of the biceps二头肌二头肌n End in the brachial 臂臂veinMedian cubital 肘肘veinCommonly is seleceted for phlebotomize Basilic veinMedian cubital vein第15页/共50页Azygos vein奇静脉奇静脉n Arises from the right asce

12、nding lumbar腰腰veinn Drains into the superior vena cavan Collects blood of the right posterior intercostal veins, esophageal vein, accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins, the right bronchial支气支气管管veinAzygos veinAscending lumbar veinSuperior vena cavaInferior vena cava第16页/共50页Hemiazygos veinn Aris

13、es from the left ascending lumbar veinn Cross the column 柱柱to end in the azygos 奇奇veinAccessory hemiazygos veinJoins the hemiazygos vein or azygos veinHemiazygos veinAscending lumbar veinAccessroy hemiazygos vein第17页/共50页Inferior vena cavan The largest venous trunkn Formed by the union of the two co

14、mmon iliac 髂髂veinsn Passes through the vena caval foramen of the diaphragm,隔板隔板 ends in the right atrium心房心房n Collects the blood from the lower limbs, pelvis and abdomen第18页/共50页Superficial veins of the lower limbSmall saphenous veinn Begins from the lateral dorsal venous arch弓弓n Drains into the pop

15、liteal veinsmall saphenous vein popliteal vein Dorsal venous arch第19页/共50页Great saphenous veinn Begins from the medial dorsal venous archn Ascends along the medial side of legn Drains into the femoral veinGreat saphenous vein Femoral vein Saphenous hiatus第20页/共50页great saphenous vein superficial lat

16、eral femoral vein superficial medial femoral vein external pudendal vein superficial epigastric vein superficial iliac circumflex vein Tributaries支流支流 of the great saphenous veinfemoral vein 第21页/共50页Tributaries of the inferior vena cavaParietal tributariesn Lumbar veinl Ascending lumbar veinlumbar

17、veinascending lumbar vein 第22页/共50页Visceral tributaries内脏支内脏支流流Testicular veinn Formed by pampiniform 蔓状蔓状plexus in spermatic cord精索精索第23页/共50页n Right testicular vein drains into the inferior vena cava at an acute anglen Left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein at a right angleTesticular

18、 veins第24页/共50页Ovarian veinn Right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cavan Left ovarian vein drains into the left renal veinOvarian vein第25页/共50页Renal veinn Drains into the inferior vena cavan The left renal vein is longer than the right renal veinn The left renal vein receives the left tes

19、ticular vein( or left ovarian vein) and the left suprarenal veinSuprarenal vein第26页/共50页Hepatic 肝肝veinsn Including right, middle, left hepatic veinsn Submerged in the livern Drains into the inferior vena cavan Collect the blood from the hepatic portal vein and the proper hepatic artery第27页/共50页Hepat

20、ic portal veinn Formed by the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic脾脾 vein behind the neck of the pancreasn Ascends behind the common bile duct and the proper hepatic artery to the hilum of livern Divides into left and right stems第28页/共50页n Collects the blood from the abdominal part of the digest

21、ive canal (except the anal canal), and blood from the pancreas, the spleen and the gallbladdern Between the capillaries of the alimentary canal and the sinusoid of the liver第29页/共50页n Superior mesenteric veinn Splenic veinSuperior mesenteric veinSplenic vein第30页/共50页n Inferior mesenteric veinl Drain

22、s into the splenic vein or the superior mesenteric veinl Connects with the inferior rectal vein and anal vein through the rectal venous plexus Inferior rectal veinAnal veinSuperior rectal veinRectal venous plexus第31页/共50页n Left gastric 胃胃veinConnects with the esophageal vein through esophageal venou

23、s plexusHemiazygos veinAzygos veinLeft gastric veinEsophageal veinEsophageal venous plexus第32页/共50页n Right gastric veinn Cystic veinright gastric veincystic vein第33页/共50页Paraumbilical veinsBegin in the periumbilical venous rete, runs along the ligamentum teres第34页/共50页the anastomoses between the hep

24、atic portal venous system and vena cava system A. the anastomoses through the esophageal venous plexus B. the anastomoses through the rectal venous plexus C. the anastomoses through the periumbilical venous retehepatic portal v. left gastric v. esophageal venous plexus esophageal v. azygos v. superi

25、or vena cava hepatic portal v. splenic v. inferior mesenteric v. superior rectal v. rectal venous plexus inferior rectal v. and anal v. internal iliac v. common iliac v. inferior vena cava hepatic portal v. paraumbilical v. periumbilical venous rete the following routes:1.superficial epigastric v. g

26、reat saphenous v. femoral v. external iliac v. common iliac v. inferior vena cava2. thoracoepigastric v. lateral thoracic v. axillary v. subclavian v. brachiocephalic v. superior vena cava3. superior epigastric v. internal thoracic v. brachiocephalic v. superior vena cava4.inferior epigastric v. ext

27、ernal iliac v. common iliac v. inferior vena cava 第35页/共50页Esophageal veinEsophageal venous plexusazygos veinCommon iliac veinLateral thoracic veinInternal thoracic veinSuperficial epigastric veinInferior epigastric veinPeriumbilical venous reteSuperior epigastric veinSuperior vena cavaInferior vena

28、 cavaInferior rectal veinanal veinSuperior rectal veinLeft gastric veinHepatic portal veinRectal venous plexusthoracoepigastric veinparaumbilical vein第36页/共50页n Portal hypertension, a major complication of cirrhosisn The collateral pathways will open up, and the anastomotic veins become dilated and

29、varicosen Hemorrhage of upper digestive tract due to the dilation of esophageal venous plexus n Hemorrhoids due to the dilation of rectal venous plexusn “Caput medusae” due to the dilation of periumbilical venous rete第37页/共50页Shunt between hepatic portal vein and inferior vena cava第38页/共50页The lymph

30、atic systemlymph conducting channels lymphatic capillarieslymphatic vesselslymphatic trunkslymphatic ductslymphoid tissues diffused lymphoid tissueslymph nodules结结 lymphoid organs lymph nodesTonsils扁桃体扁桃体Thymus胸腺胸腺 spleen 第39页/共50页functionsn removal of tissue fluid (20%-25%)n absorbs and transports

31、fat as chyle to the circulatory system n contains immune cells called lymphocytes which protect the body against antigens 抗原抗原(viruses, bacteria, etc.)elephantiasis resulted from filariasis第40页/共50页The lymph conducting channelsThe lymphatic capillariesn begins as dilated blind end and form network i

32、n tissue spacesn the wall consists of a single layer of overlapping endothelial cells with wide intercellular space endothelial cell anchoring filament 第41页/共50页Lymphatic vesselsn more numerous valves than those in veins, permit lymph to flow in only one direction and give lymphatic vessels a beaded

33、 appearancen arranged into a superficial set and a deep set within the bodyn superficial lymphatic vessels are in the superficial fascian deep lymphatic vessels are beneath the deep fascia第42页/共50页Lymphatic trunksn lumbar trunkl receive the lymph from the lower limbs, the walls and viscera of the pe

34、lvis, the kidneys, the suprarenal glands and the deep lymphatics of the greater part of the abdominal walll the lumbar trunks empty into the cisterna chylilumbar trunkcisterna chyli第43页/共50页Intestinal trunkl unpairedl receives the lymph from the stomach, intestine, the pancreas, spleen and liverl empties lymph into the cisterna chyliintestinal trunkcisterna chyli第44页/共50页Jugular trunkdrains the head and neck Subclavian trunk drains the upper limbBronchomediastinal trunk drains the thorax, lung and the heartthe