关于虚拟语气的知识点整理

1、关于虚拟语气的知识点整理虚拟语气的重点是：1一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。2虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。3主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。4含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。下面我们将主要从

2、上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型（ 1）由 wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A 用 wish 表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be 动词用B 用 wish 表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+were）。动词原形。C wish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或 could, would + have + 动词过去分词。The picture exhibition bored me to death;

3、 I wish I had not gone to it.- “ I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”- “ That s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish that he weren t so lazy.(2)had hoped 引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+ 动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, bu

4、t his son became an artist later.(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner 和 would prefer 所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：I d rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。I would prefer he didn t stay there 我too倒long希望.他不要在那儿可得太久。I would just as soon you had re

5、turned the book yesterday. 我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。（ 4） It s (high, about) time that句型中 that 从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。It s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.It is high time that we put an end to this discussion. 现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。（ 5） as, 或者 whether or 谓语多用be 的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：

6、Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, andso on.（ 6）由连接词 in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that 引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+ 动词原形，例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.她在那个婴儿身

7、上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(7) if it were not for与现在事实相反，if it had not been for 与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for ：If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.精选文库(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（ though ）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish 宾语从句的形式相同。

8、例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of thesunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。She looks as if she would cry. 她看起来好像要哭了。(9) 其它各种句型, as though, sup

9、pose, had rather, supposing, if only 等等If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.二、特殊形式的虚拟语气虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略 )+动词原形that 从句。A 、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that 宾语从句中，这类动词有：ask 要求advise 建议ar

10、range 安排beg 请求command 命令decide 决定demand 要求desire 渴望determine 决定insist 坚持intend 打算maintain 坚持主张move 建议，动员propose 提议object 反对order 命令prefer 建议require 需要request 要求resolve 下决心recommend 推荐 suggest 建议stipulate 约定，规定urge 强调，促进vote 公认，提议decree 颁布（法令）pray 请求注意：这类动词后面除了可接that 虚拟句以外，也可以接doing 或者 to do 来表达，一般情况

11、下，意思没有什么差别。She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）She advised keeping the gate locked.( 较随便 )B 、用于 It is+ 形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：advisable 合理的decided 决定的 crucial 关键的 appropriate 恰当的determined 决定的commanded 命令的 arranged 安排的 essential 紧要的，基本的co

12、mplied 遵照 anxious 焦急的imperative 迫切的 important 重要的desirable 合意的better 较好的，更好 insistent 坚持的 desired 想要asked 请求 keen 渴望的 incredible 难以置信的 adamant 坚定不移的natural 自然的 insisted 坚持 necessary 必要的 suggested 建议urgent 紧迫的 ordered 命令 shocked 震惊的 vital 极其重要的possible 可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable （好一点） proposed 提议requ

13、ested 要求的 required 要求的 recommended 推荐 resolved 决定的probable （可能的） pity 可惜，憾事 shame 遗憾注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that 虚拟句以外，也可以 for to do 来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。It is essential that he should be prepared for this.It is essential for him to be prepared for this.C用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：advice 忠告 d

14、ecision 决定 demand 要求 desire 要求、愿望 insistence 坚持 motion 提议 necessity 必要性 order 命令 preference 偏爱 proposal 提议 pray 恳求 recommendation 推荐 request 要求 requirement 要求 resolution 决心 suggestion 劝告、忠告-2精选文库例如：This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life. 这是他们的决议：要

15、使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。三、混合虚拟语气有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。If you that late

16、movie last night, you wouldn t be so sleepy.A. haven t watched B. didn t watchC. hadn t watched D. wouldn t have 答watched案选C。Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.混合虚拟语气还有一种情

17、况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that

18、your parents were ill at the time.该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了 ”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had been。四、含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if 引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：（ 1）介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。t

19、he leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there had n t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for答案选 B 。But that she was afraid, she would have said no.(2) 连词，如： so that, unless, in case, suppos

20、ing, lest, provided(倘若 )，for fear that( 唯恐 )，in order that, on condition that, if only( 要是 就好了 )等。She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,shemight discover exactly what he wanted.If only I had more money, I could buy a car.(注：lest, f

21、or fear that和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+ 动词原形， 但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。（ 3）通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately 等类似转

22、折词。I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.-3精选文库A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep选择B 。(4) 形容词及其比较级A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.A less conscientious man wouldn t have tried so hard to get this job d

23、one.(5) 分词短语Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.(6) 动 词不 定 式 短 语 。 一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned或was/were+ 不 定 式 完 成 式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+ 不定式一般式表示虚拟。I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.It would be easie