初中语法训练之名词(含练习题及答案)

1、初中语法之名词掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格 含义、构成 两种形式： s所有格及 of 所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1.专有名词：名字 (人名、地名、书名、机构名 )、与国家有关的 (国家、国民、语言 )、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句： My name is Lucy . I am a Chinese . I will go tothe Great Wallon Monday .2.普通名词 : 包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例 : sister、 table

2、、 bike、 window可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例: family 、 police 、 class、 group物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例 : water、 air、wood不可数名词抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例 : danger、 interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass 作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightp

3、aperhair可数橘子电灯报纸 /试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidealifework可数练习题主意 /意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间二、名词的单复数形式(1) 规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s 或 -es11、 一般情况在词尾直接加s , 例 bags。2、 以 s、 x、 sh、 ch 结尾的词加 -es，例 bus-buses box-boxes。3、 以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾的词

4、， y 变成 i 加 -es 例 city-cities ；以 “元音字母 +y ”结尾的词，直接加s。4、以 o 结尾的除potato(马铃薯 )、 tomato(西红柿 )、 hero(英雄 )加 es，其余直接加s。5、以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f 或 fe 为 v 加 es, roof 、 proof 直接加 -s，例 life-lives wife-wives roofroofs。(2) 不规则变化1 、 单 词拼 写 发 生 变 化 man-men woman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-micec

5、hild-children2、某国人变复数，口诀： 中日不变英法变，其余s 加后面例： an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer鹿， fish 鱼， sheep 绵羊， bison 野牛， crab 螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese 中国人， Japanese日本人， Swiss 瑞士人， kin 亲属craft 及由 -craft 构成的名词craft飞机， aircraft 飞机，spacecraft 太空船表示数量的名词Hundred 百，thousand 千，million 百万，

6、 dozen 一打， score二十其他series 系列； species 种类； means 方法(3) 不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an 及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例： a cup of coffee( 一杯咖啡 )two glasses of milk( 两杯牛奶 )three pieces of paper(三张纸 )four bottles of water( 四杯水 )三、名词所有格含义： 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式： 一种是 s所有格，一种是of 所有格Beijing is China s capitalBeijing.= is the ca

7、ptital of China.This is Tom s bike=This is the bike of Tom.Lily is the key s owner.= Lily is the ownerfthe key.1、s所有格构成 单数名词及不以 s 结尾的复数名词， 只需在词尾加 s，如 Lucy spen 路西的钢笔 Children s Day（儿童节）；以 s 结尾的复数名词，只加 , 如 the students books学生们的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加s,如 Lucy and Lily s bedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每

8、个名词都加 s,如 Lucys and Lily s desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子 )。典型例题讲解1. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. newsD. stories解析 : much 是用来修饰不可数名词的 , A B D 三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式 , C 项为不可数名词 , 因此选 C.2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here.2A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orang

9、e, oranges解析 : orange 有两种含义 , 一种可数名词橘子 , 另一种是不可数名词橘汁 , 此题第一空应填可数名词 , 第二空填不可数名词 , 因此选 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ tohis home .A. 25 minutes walkB. 25 minute s walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk解析 : 句中的minute 应该用其复数的所有格形式,只 + ,而不能 +s,因此选 A 。4. An old _ wants to see you.A. peopleB. pers

10、onC. the peopleD. the person解析 : person 与 people 都有”人”的意思 , 但用法不同 . “一个人”用“ a person” ,“两个人”用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人们” 是集合名词 ,表示复数 , the people 指 “人民” , a people指 “一个民族”. 应选 B。5. Help yourself to _.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples解析 : chicken

11、可用作可数名词指小鸡 ,用作不可数名词指鸡肉 ,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉 ;apple 为可数名词 , 故应 +s, 因此选 D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _.A. room s numberB. rooms numberC. room numbersD. rooms numbers解析 : room number房间号码 . room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词. 类似的还有my phsics teacher,two bus drivers 等 .应选 C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin h

12、as become her second _.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员 ; house 指的是房子 (住所 ); room 指的是房间 ;而 home 指的是家 , 因此选 C.8. _ mothers couldn t go to the meeting,because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter sB. Mary and PeterC. Mary s and PeterD. Mary s and Peters解析 : 此句中“ mothers”

13、是复数 ,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D 。9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month.A. her uncl eB. her uncle s C. her unclesD. aunt s解析 : 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次” . 表示具体场所时 , 可省去所有格后面的名词 . 因此选 B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t _ in teaching.A. many experiencesB. much experienceC. an experienceD. a lot exp

14、erience解析 : experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词 , 作 “经历” 讲时是可数名词 . 本句中应理解为 “经验” , 因此是不可数名词 ,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句 , 不用于否定句 , 因此选 B 。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago.A. youB. yourC. your sisterD. your sisters解析 : 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选 D。312. A group of _ are talking with two _

15、.A. Frenchmen, GermansB. Germans ,FrenchmansC. Frenchmans , GermenD. Germen , Frenchmen解析 :Frenchman 是复合词 ,其复数形式为Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选 A.13.The team _having a meeting .A. isB. areC. amD. be解析 : team 是一个集合名词 ,即可表示复数意义 (指整个小组 ) , 也可指小组中的成员 (表示复数 ), 此题意为后者 , 因此选 B。14.“ Would you like _?“”

16、, please.”A. drink, Three coffeesB. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffeeD. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析 : drink 和 coffee 是不可数名词 , 可以用 of 来表示数量 , eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加 a 时 ,则表示 “一杯”因此选 C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men.A.earth and s

17、tone, millions ofB. earths and stones, millionsC. the earth and stone, million ofD. the earths and stones, millions解析： earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D, 数以百万的应为millions of .因此选 A。名词练习题1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teacherBs. teacherCs. teacherDs. the teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room wind

18、owB. the room s window C. the room of the windowD. the window of room3. How many_ would you like?A. paperB. breadC. pieces of papersD. pieces of bread4. He was praised for his _.A. braveB. braveryC. bravelyD. great brave5. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothesB. dressC. clothing D. tr

19、ousers6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. womanB. women C. woman s D. womens7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A. bambooB. bamboos C. kinds of bambooD. kinds of bamboos8. He was born in this town and now he lives in _.A. Building secondB. Building Two C. the Building TwoD. Bui

20、lding the Second9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day.A. a lot of workB. much worksC. lots of homeworksD. quite a lot of homeworks10. Jack s room is furnished with _.A. new furnituresB. many new furnituresC. many new pieces of furnituresD. many new pieces of furniture11. Have you read _newspaper

21、yet?4A. today sB. TodaysC. the today sD. your todays12. It s notar,f only _walk from here to our school.A. a ten minutesB. ten minutesC. a ten minutesD. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter.A. a 1000-wordB. 1000 wordsC. a 1000-wordsD. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday.A. a good night

22、B. a good-nightC. a good night sD. good -nights15. _is not a long way to drive.A. Three miles distanceB. Three-mile distanceC. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance16. His isn t fit for the work. Please get me _.A. something elseB. somebody elseC. someone else sD. somebody s else17. Do you k

23、now how large _ is?A. population of ChinaB. Chinese populationC. China populationD. China s population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry.A. The box weightB. The box s weightC. The weight of the boxD. The box of the weight19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop?A. shoesB. shoeC. shoes

24、D. shoe s20.What _ weather we re having these days!A. niceB. a niceC. a badD. worse21. They say that the meeting will be _.A. of very importantB. great importanceC. of great importanceD. great important22. I m going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr BlackB. the BlacksC. Mr Black sD. Blacks23.What Darw

25、in said was an attack on people s religious _.A. beliefB. beliefsC. beliefsD. believs24. There are some _waiting for you outside.A. GermanB. AmericanC. grown-upD. Japanese25. Their factory has developed a kind of _ to help people walk.5A. machineB. machinesC. a machineD. the machine26.There re many

26、_ in my brother s album.A. leafsB. toysC. booksD. stamps27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoesB. potatosC. vegetableD. meats28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose.A. angerB. angryC. angrilyD. angriness29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me?A. five-pound not

27、eB. five pounds noteC. five-pound notesD. five pounds notes30. You have to make _ for your journeyA. preparingB. preparationC. a preparationD. preparations31. While washing up, she broke a _.A. glass wineB. wine glassC. glass of wineD. wine of glass32. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fal