现代大学英语精读二UnitBookPPT学习教案

1、会计学1R einforcementT ext AnalysisDiogenes and AlexanderB ackgroundW arming upUnit 4第1页/共49页Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWarming upDiogenes and AlexanderUnit 4第2页/共49页Warming upQuestions/Activities What does the author tell us about Diogenes? Who was he? What was his philosophy? What

2、did he think was the problem with people? How did he intend to help them? What were the key values he promoted? How, in his opinion, could we find true happiness? What does the author tell us about Alexander? What did this king have in common with Diogenes, the beggar? Why was Alexander considered a

3、 man of destiny? How would you contrast the two characters? Why did Alexander decide to visit Diogenes? What did Diogenes really mean when he said that Alexander was blocking the sunlight?第3页/共49页 Warming upCheck-on Preview第4页/共49页 Warming upCheck-on Preview第5页/共49页Objectives1. Content:differences a

4、nd similarities between Diogenes and AlexanderCynicism and its present significance philosophy vs. powerWriting: comparison and contrast DiogenesAlexanderDiogenesother beggars/hermits/philosophersAlexanderother Macedonians (officers & officials)Here, the alternating comparison/contrast (subject

5、by subject) is used.Warming up第6页/共49页BackgroundAlexanderDiogenesDiogenes and AlexanderUnit 4第7页/共49页BackgroundDiogenes1. Who was Diogenes? A beggarA philosopherA missionaryDoctrine: Cynicism the doctrine that scorned worldly needs and pleasures and held that virtue was the key to the only good 第8页/

6、共49页BackgroundCynicism in modern sense: the belief of a cynic, who maintains that people are all motivated by selfishness, that no one will help others for good and sincere reasons2. What are the major tenets (principles) of Cynicism? Do you find any expressions of these principles in the text?self-

7、sufficiencyshamelessnessoutspokennessperfection of virtueDiogenes第9页/共49页Background Alexander第10页/共49页BackgroundAlexander the Greats Empire Alexander第11页/共49页BackgroundAlexander the Greats Empire Alexander第12页/共49页DetailedAnalysisStructure Text AnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenes and AlexanderUnit 4第1

8、3页/共49页Text AnalysisCharacter AnalysisDiogenes: a free manOther people: half-menShelterFurnitureDressFoodPossessionsNature of the lifecask, a storage jar made of earthenwarea house (big, with many rooms) nonebeds, chairs, etc. (elaborate)blanket (half-naked)clothes (expensive)bits of food begged fro

9、m others, drinking from his hollowed handselaborate nonehorses, servants, bank accounts (anxious)a life by choice, out of principle natural, healthy, independent a life as slaves of their possessions artificial, anxious, loss of virtue第14页/共49页Text AnalysisCharacter Analysis第15页/共49页Text AnalysisCha

10、racter Analysis第16页/共49页Text Analysishermitswent away to live simplyon a small farm, in a quiet village or a caveDiogeneshad a sense of mission, deliberately chose to live in the busy streets in Athens or Corinth, in order to convert people Character Analysis第17页/共49页Text AnalysisCharacter Analysis第

11、18页/共49页Text AnalysisCharacter Analysis第19页/共49页Text Analysis“When you are all so busy, I feel I ought to do something!”Character Analysis第20页/共49页 Alexander: citizen of the world (paras. 11-13)1. King: different from other Macedonians drinking?women?fighting?2. Thinker: Aristotles pupil, he learned

12、 culturephilosophyprinciples of scientific research3. Conquerortook command of the League of Greek Statescommander-in-chief of a new expedition against old, rich, corrupt AsiaText AnalysisCharacter Analysis第21页/共49页Character AnalysisText Analysis第22页/共49页“Stand to one side. Youre blocking the sunlig

13、ht.” The Dramatic Encounter (paras. 14-17) The differences and similarities between the two historical characters. DifferencesSimilarities Text AnalysisCharacter Analysis第23页/共49页Diogenes Alexander Physical appearanceIdentificationStatusPossessions & PowerMissionDifferencesText AnalysisCharacter

14、 Analysishigh, treated with respect, greeted with a bow and acclamationlying on the bare earth, shoeless, bearded, half-naked, like a beggar, a doghandsome face, fiery glance, strong body, purple and gold cloak, air of destiny philosopher, missionary great monarch, conquerorlow, treated with contemp

15、t and disapproval none, rejecting possession or powerland and absolute power“restamp the currency”: to call people back to the simple and natural lifetrue valuebring people of the whole world to the light of civilization第24页/共49页Both were great thinkers.Both had a sense of mission.Both were “citizen

16、s of the world,” admiring the heroic figure of Hercules, who labored for mankind.Both were free. SimilaritiesText AnalysisCharacter Analysis第25页/共49页Text AnalysisStructure1Paras. 1-10Diogenes (life, philosophy, mission, ways of teaching)2Paras. 11-13Alexander (a philosopher king with an inquiring, n

17、oble mind)3Paras. 14-17their dramatic encounter第26页/共49页Sometimes they threw bits of food, and got scant thanks; sometimes a mischievous pebble, and got a shower of stones and abuse. (para. 1) Sometimes people would throw bits of food to him, but he hardly thanked them at all. Sometimes they would t

18、hrow a pebble at him for fun, but get a shower of stones and a stream of abuse in return. Part I: Paraphrase Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第27页/共49页2. His lifes aim was clear to him: it was “to restamp the currency”: to take the clean metal of human life, to erase the old false conventional markings

19、, and to imprint it with its true values. (para. 5) His purpose in life was clear to him: it was “to reprint the coins.” Human life can be taken as the clean coins which are imprinted with false markings. He was to remove the false markings and print the true values on it. In other words, his aim in

20、 life was to call on people to reject the false, conventional way of life and return to the simple and natural life. Part I: Paraphrase Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis第28页/共49页Having no work to go to and no family to provide _, he was free. (para. 1) provide for: give sb the things that they need to

21、live, such as food, clothing Translation他要供养他年迈的父母以及两个正在上学的妹妹。 He has to provide for his aged parents and two sister who are still at school.道路被切断，无法给部队提供给养。 The road was cut off and supplies could not be provided for the troops.forPart I: Words & ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第29页/共4

22、9页2. As the market place _ up with shoppers and merchants and slaves and foreigners, he had _ through it for an hour or two. (para. 1) Cf. wander, roam, ramble, stroll Translation中间还有两个小时，因此她逛了一趟商业中心。 There were still two hours to go, so she strolled through the shopping mall.漫步海边，感觉太好了。 Its wonderf

23、ul to take a stroll along the seaside. strolledfilledPart I: Words & ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第30页/共49页3. He thought everybody lived far too _, expensively, anxiously. What good is a house? (para. 2) Translation彼得制定了一个非常详尽的计划来筹措资金。 Peter worked out an elaborate scheme for raising

24、 the fund.他们为局长准备了一桌精美的饭菜，结果被狠狠批评了一顿。 They prepared a very elaborate meal for the bureau head only to be severely criticized. elaboratelyPart I: Words & ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第31页/共49页4. No one needs beds and chairs and such furniture: the animals _ and sleep on the ground. Al

25、l we require, since nature did not dress us properly, is one garment to keep us warm, and some shelter from rain and wind. (para. 2) Translation这名警察死时很年轻，但他的一生过得很有意义。 The policeman died young, but he lived a meaningful life.作为一个探险者，他的一生充满了冒险。 As an explorer, he lived an adventurous life.live healthy

26、 livesPart I: Words & ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第32页/共49页he spent much of his life inCorinth, mocking and satirizing its people, and occasionally _ one of them. (para. 2) convert: to make sb change from one religion or belief to another Ann has converted to Islam recently. Marxist

27、 literature converted him into a staunch revolutionary. Cf. to make sth change from one form, system to a different one This is part of the process of converting iron into steel. to change from one object into another I cant see how this plastic sheet converts into a tent. Part I: Words & Expres

28、sionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysisconverting第33页/共49页6. He was not the first to _ such a thing. But he was the first who ever did so _ choice, _ principle. (para. 3) inhabit Some of the rare species inhabit the area. by choice She took the job in the West by choice. out of Just out of curiosity, wh

29、y did you take that job?Part I: Words & ExpressionsinhabitbyText AnalysisDetailed Analysisout of第34页/共49页7. They _ him. He is their slave. In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence. (para. 4) Cf.What possessed him to s

30、ay a stupid thing like that?She seemed possessed. Nobody could talk her out of it. Part I: Words & ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysispossess第35页/共49页8. Therefore, he chose to live in Athens or Corinth, where travelers from all over the Mediterranean world constantly came and went. And, de

31、sign, he publicly behaved in such ways as to show people what real life was. (para. 6) Translation世界是有意缔造的呢，还是偶然形成的呢？ Was the world made by design or did it come into existence by chance?Part I: Words & ExpressionsbyText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第36页/共49页1. The little square began to fill with p

32、eoplepage boys, soldiersthey all gradually formed a circle around Diogenes. He looked them _, as a sober man looks at a crowd of tottering drunks, and shook his head. (para. 11) look over: (here) examine, scrutinize More examples with “over”: think over, talk over, read over, go over Part II: Words

33、& ExpressionsoverText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第37页/共49页With his handsome face, his f_ glance, his strong body, his purple and gold cloak, and his air of d_, he moved through the parting crowd toward the Dogs k_. (para. 14) Looking at the poor broken cask, the single r_ garment, and the rough fi

34、gure lying on the ground, he said: “Is there anything I can do for you, Diogenes?” (para. 15) more examples: beloved wife, blessed morning, a wicked man, my aged parents, a rugged coastlinePart III: Words & ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis ieryestinyennelagged第38页/共49页3. The Macedonian

35、officers, after deciding that Diogenes was not _ the trouble of kicking, were starting to _ and nudge one another. (para. 17) Cf. worth, worthwhile, worthya worthwhile cause/discussion/jobHigh prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad.be worthy of attention/consideration/mentionA

36、 number of the findings are worthy of note.a worthy champion/winner/sonPart III: Words & ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysisworth guffaw第39页/共49页 Cf. grin, guffaw, titter, chuckle, gigglegrin: to make a wide smileguffaw: to laugh loudlytitter: to laugh in a suppressed waychuckle: to laugh

37、softly in a low tonegiggle: to laugh quietly in a silly, childish, uncontrolled wayPart III: Words & ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis第40页/共49页ReinforcementDiscussionDiogenes and AlexanderUnit 4第41页/共49页ReinforcementWriting TechniquesComparison & Contrast examplesuse transitional wor

38、ds or expressions to make comparison and achieve unity: not so (para. 5), the otherbut for (para. 6)use transitional paragraph to achieve coherence2. Parallelism achieve increased strength, sounding more powerful, more effective, e.g. para. 143. Euphemism e.g. done his business, natural acts第42页/共49

39、页He was one, but not the other. (para.1)Not so Diogenes. (para. 5)But for Diogenes, (para.6)Alexander was far older and wiser than his years. (para. 12)Like all Macedonians he loved (para. 12)he was a magnificent commander, but he was not merely a military automaton. (para.12)Only Diogenes, although he lived in Corinth, did not visit the new monarch. (para.13)Diogenes merely sat upDiogenes said nothing. (para. 14)He understood Cynicism as the others could not. (para. 17)Like Diogenes, he admired (par