并列连词的分类与用法

1、并列连词的分类与用法 一、表转折的并列连词主要有 but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等。如：I would have written before but I have been ill. 我本该早写信的，但我生病了。I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。You like tennis, while Id rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。yet用作连词时，与but一样也主要用于转折，意为“但是”“而”：I have failed, yet I

2、shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。The judge was stern, yet completely fair. 法官很严峻，却完全公正。They are the same, yet not the same. 它们又一样，又不一样。It is strange, yet it is true. 那真是怪事，然而却是事实。Ive been away only for three years, yet I can hardly recognize my hometown. 我仅在外三年，可我几乎认不出我自己的故乡了。He said he was our friend,

3、yet he wouldnt help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。有时用在句首。如(from www.youthemE.CN)：Yet the house was cheerful. 但屋子里显得很欢快。Yet its population has doubled. 但它的人口翻了一番。yet有时可与并列连词and或but连用，构成习语and yet和but yet，且两者大致同义(均相当于表转折的but)：I gave him ten pounds (and) yet he was not satisfied. 我给了他十镑但他仍不满足。Shes vain and foo

4、lish, and yet people like her. 她很虚荣愚蠢，但人们却喜欢她。She drove very fast to the airport, but yet, and yet, but yet she missed the plane. 她开快车去机场，可还是误了飞机。although不能与表示转折的but连用，但是却可以与yet连用。如：Although we have made some progress, yet we still have a long way to go. 我们虽然取得了些进步，但还是远远不够的。but的用法举例 1. 连接词或短语It

5、 was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不是很小心，而是开得很慢。2. 连接句子This isnt a good one but it will answer. 这不太好，但可以将就用。He looks honest, but actually hes a rogue. 他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer. 我向他说了早上好，但他没有回应。The ice re

6、mained, but there was no water underneath. 冰还在，但下面却没有水。Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了。At first he was a little shy, but now he acts more natural. 开始时他有些腼腆但现在他表现得很自然了。There was a little trouble at first, but things were soon quiet. 起初有点小麻烦后来情况就平静了。3. 用于句首But t

7、hat question doesnt arise. 但没发生那个问题。But in secret she was delighted. 但她暗中感到高兴。But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?But in the end he gave in. 但最后他还是让步了。But theres one thing we are agreed on. 但有一点大家的意见是一致的。4. 用于道歉的表达之后Sorry, but were behind schedule. 抱歉，我们落在计划后了。Im frightfully sorry, but I cant see you t

8、oday. 太对不起了，我今天不能见你。Excuse me, but I dont think thats quite true. 很抱歉，我认为这与事实略有出入。5. 用于notbut，表示“不是而是”Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。6. 用在某些否定语后，表示“只”：He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。She knows no one but you. 她只认识你。You have nobody but yourself to blame. 只能怪你自己。No one but me saw her. 只有

9、我看见他(from www.youthemE.CN)。7. 用于next (last) but one 中，表示“隔壁再过去”“倒数第”He lives in the next house but one. 他住在隔壁再过去一家。He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数第二个到的。8. cant help but 不由得不You cant help but respect them. 你不由得不尊敬他们。When they gave him a ticket to the game, he couldnt help but go. 他们给了他一张看球赛的票

10、，他不由得不去。I cant help but wonder what I should do next. 我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办。【注意】不要按汉语意思将“虽然但是”直译为althoughbut：误：Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉though或but中任一个)二、表选择的并列连词主要 or (或者，还是，否则), eitheror(不是就是), neitheror(既不也不), otherwise (要不然)等。如：Be careful about what you say or you may regret it.

11、60;当心你讲的话，否则你会后悔的。Either say youre sorry or else get out! 你要么道歉，要么滚开!Neither does he smoke nor does he drink. 他既不抽烟也不喝酒。Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的。注：neithernor连接两个句子，注意用倒装语序。三、表联合的并列连词主要有 and, not onlybut also(不但而且), when(=and just at this time&

12、#160;就在这时)等。如：Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡觉，这时电话铃响了起来。四、表因果的并列连词主要有 for(因为), so(因此)等。如：He shook his head, for he thought

13、 differently. 他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。He told me to do it, so I did it. 他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。 连词for表示原因时的四个“不能”for表示原因时的四个“不能”for引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前：Because it was wet he took a taxi. 因为下雨，他叫了一辆出租车。（这里不能用for）for引导的从句不能位于not, but或任何连词之后：He stole, not because he wanted the money but because he li

14、ked stealing. 他偷东西，并不是因为他想要钱，而是他有这种毛病。（这里不能用for）for引导的从句不能用于回答问题：Why did you do it? 你为什么这么做?I did it because l was angry. 因为我生气才这么做的。（这里不能用for） for引导的从句不能单单用来复述已讲过的话，而必须包括新的内容：He spoke in French. She was angry because he had spoken in French. 他讲法语。因为他讲法语，她生气了。（这里不能用for）但是说：She was angry, for she did

15、nt know French. 她生气了，因为她不懂法语。（这里用for是正确的，也可用because）之所以有这些用法上的限定，其理由是for引导的从句不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原因，而只能提供一些起帮助解释作用的附加说明。例如()：The days were short, for it was now December. 天短了，现在已是12月了。He took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn. 他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，因为他从天亮就没吃过东西。When I saw her in the river I was

16、frightened. For at that point the currents were dangerous. 我看见她在河里时，吓坏了。那个地方水流非常危险。在口语中，for从句前常稍停一下。在笔语中，在此处常有一个逗号。有时也用一个句号断开，如最后一个例子所示。上面三个例句中也可用becatse, 但用for更好些。并列连词词组的用法 1. bothand的用法其意为“和都”、“不但而且”、“既又”：She both speaks and writes Japanese. 她不仅会说日语，而且还会写。He spoke with both kindness and

17、understanding. 他说话既亲切又明事理。Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。The delegates visited both New York and Boston.代表们既访问了纽约,又访问了波士顿。【注】作为关联并列连词，

18、它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外，若连接两个成分作主语时，谓语要用复数：Both she and Sophia were pleased with the girl. 她和索菲娅都喜欢这姑娘。2. eitheror的用法其意为“要么要么”、“不是就是”：Either come in or go out. 要么进来，要么出去。I want to visit either Paris or London. 我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下。Either he did not speak distinctly or I did

19、not hear well. 不是他没讲清楚，就是我没听明白。【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。3. neithernor的用法其意为“既不也不”、“和都不”：I have neither time nor money. 我既无时间又无钱。I neither smoke nor drink.

20、 我既不抽烟也不喝酒。He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事不闻不问。This is neither my fault nor yours. 这既不怪我，也不怪你。【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history. 玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。Neither Jim and Jack was at home. 

21、吉姆和杰克都不在家。但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数：Neither Jim and Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。4. not onlybut also的用法其意为“不但而且”：Not only men but also women were chosen. 选中的不仅有男的也有女的。He not only read the book, but also remembered what he read. 他不仅读过这本书，而且还记得书中的内容。【注】该结构中的also有时可省略，或与but分开用，或用too, as well代之(位于句

22、末)：Not only is he funny, but he is witty too as well. 他不但风趣，而且也很机智。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。both. and.可以翻译成“和两个都”、“又又”、“既要又要”；either. or.意思是“或者或者”，neither. nor.意思是“既不也不”，这三者都是连词，可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词和介词短语等。both. and.连接名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neith

23、er. nor.连接名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词须与nor之后的名词保持一致；either. or.连接名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词要与最临近的主语保持一致。例如： Both she and I are going to do the cleaning. 我和她两个都要做清洁工作。Mike is both tall and handsome.迈克长得又高又帅。In the program tonight Mary will both sing and dance. 在今天晚上的节目中，玛丽既要唱歌又要跳舞。You may either stay or go.你可以

24、走，也可以留下。Either you or I am wrong.不是你错，就是我错。He neither drinks nor smokes.他既不吸烟也不喝酒。Neither he nor I am well-educated.他和我都没有受过良好的教育。not only but also 后面的动词用就近原则，即根据 but also 后面的主语来确定动词的形式。而 both and 后面的动词总是用复数。 例如：Not only my father but also my mother is a teacher.Both my father and my mother are teac

25、hers.巧借并列连词破解非谓语动词陷阱题 英语中的并列连词不多，常见的只有and, or, but, yet等，并且其用法也不复杂，在高考英语中直接考查并列连词用法的考题比较少见。但是，这并不意味着你就可对并列连词“置之不理”，因为命题者虽然不会直接考查并列连词的用法，但他们却经常把并列连词作为一种设计陷阱题的工具，把一些本来很容易的考点设计成难题，甚至陷阱题。本文拟就如何巧借并列连词破解非谓语动词难题或陷阱题作一分析。一、借并列连词识别平行结构根据英语语法习惯，用并列连词连接的两个语法成分通常应是平行的、对等的。若并列连词连接的是两个非谓语动词，原则上说它们应是同一形式同为不定式

26、，或同为-ing分词，或同为-ed分词。如：Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。Shops were open, especially places which sold things to eat and to drink. 店铺都开着，尤其是卖饮食的店铺。To mean to do something and to do something actually are two different things. 打算做一件事和实际上做一件事完全是两回事。有些用th

27、an连接的非谓语动词也往往需要一致的形式。如：Friendship is like money: easier made than kept. 友谊像金钱挣来容易维持难。“Why dont you get yourself a job?” “Thats easier said than done.” “你怎么不找个工作呢?”“说起来容易，找起来难哪！”请看一道高考题：It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your ow

28、n. (北京卷)A. introduces             B. to introduce        C. introducing            D. introduced此题答案为C。句中的并列连词and连接

29、的是两个对称的并列成分，由于其前的considering为动名词，所以空格处也要用动名词。请再看两道相关的考题：1. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people.A. provide                   B. to pro

30、vide           C. providing              D. provided答案为B。notbut连接两个不定式作表语，所以选B。句意为：这个计划的目的不是为了帮助雇主，而是为了给年轻人提供工作机会。2. The purpose of new technologies is to make

31、life easier, _ it more difficult. (zn)A. not make    B. not to make    C. not making    D. do not make答案为B。空格处填不定式是为了与前面的to make life easier保持一致。句意为：新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是为了使生活变得更困难。3. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and&#

32、160;_. (上海卷)A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure答案为D。并列连词and连接两个结构平行的句子构成一个并列句，比较前后两个句子结构，显然只有D最合适。二、借并列连词识别非谓语动词考点与并列句考点有的考题从表面上看是在考查非谓语动词

33、，而实际上是在考查并列句的有关知识，此时若能充分注意到句中的并列连词，同时结合并列连词对句子结构进行分析，问题往往可以迎刃而解。请看下面一道高考题：_ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南卷)A. Having searched         B. To search    &#

34、160;           C. Searching                     D. Search此题初看一眼，完全像是一道非谓语动词考题，因为四个选项中有三项为非谓语动词。粗心的考生很可能会据此最先排除选项D，因为它不是非谓语动词。其实，此题

35、的答案正是D。做好本题的关键是要注意到句中的并列连词and，由and可知这是一个并列句，and的后面是句子，其前面也应是句子。由于句首无主语，可推断它是祈使句，所以选动词原形，即答案为D。与上面的情况相反，如果两个“句子”间没有并列连词，那么其中有个“句子”就肯定不是“句子”，因为它没有完整的谓语。如下面这道高考题：The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March. (山东卷)A. has been launch

36、ed        B. having been launched    C. being launched       D. to be launched由于两个“句子”间没有并列连词，所以空格处不可能填一个完整的谓语，据此我们可以最先排除选项A。又由于动作于去年的三月底就已经发生，所以不能选表示未来动作的不定式，即不能选D；又由于句子用了具体的过去时间状语(at the e

37、nd of last March)，故不能选完成式，即不能选B。所以答案为C。其实the most recent being launched at the end of last March为独立主格结构。请再看下面一题：The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. (重庆卷)A. finishing                   B. finished                        C. had