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1、1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"的"。一般有以下几种形式: (1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如: Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 (2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加'。例如: Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 (3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如: Children's Day 儿童节 W

2、omen's Day 妇女节 (4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如: Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门 翻译

3、下列词组。1.大卫的叔叔 2.我妹妹的邮票 3.双胞胎的书房 4.老师们的办公室 5.妇女节 6.孩子们的业余爱好 7.他的笔友的信 8.这本书的名字 9.我表弟的电话号码 10.邮电局的大门 2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。 (1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。 (2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look

4、at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。将下列句子变成祈使句:1. Would you like to wait a moment?_ a moment.2. Can I use your bike?Please _ _ your bike.3. Youd better not smoke here._ _ here.4. You must be careful with your handwriting. _ _ with your handwriting.5. Will you please not play wit

5、h my pencil? _ _ with my pencil,_. 3. There be 的句子结构 There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思, 肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。也就是就近原则。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如: There is an eraser and

6、 two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。 (1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。 (2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any)

7、+名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't. -Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗? -Yes, there is. 有。 -Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗? -No, there aren't. 没有。 (3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . . There's one.

8、 / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . -How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生? -There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。 (4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语? How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水? How much food is there in th

9、e bowl? 碗里有多少食物?根据中文完成句子然后变成一般疑问句和否定句1桌子上有一本书和两去笔。There _ a book and  _ _ on the desk.2    在吉姆的书包里有一些书。_ _ _ _ in Jims bag.3    书包里有一些地图吗?_ _ _ _ in the bag?4    我们学校有许多学生。There _ many _ in our school.5    树上没有鸟。There _ _ birds in the

10、tree.4.特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头,对某一具体问题进行提问。 特殊疑问句的基本构成疑问词+一般疑问句结构。例如:Whats your grandfathers telephone number?你爷爷的电话号码是多少?Who is that boy with big eyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁?Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节?When is he going to play the piano?他什么时候弹钢琴?Whe

11、re does he live?他住在哪儿?How are you?你好吗?How old are you?你多大了?How many brothers and sisters do you have?你有几个兄弟姐妹?我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他?也是特殊疑问句,它是一种省略结构。例如:I like English. What/How about you?我喜欢英语。你呢?What about playing basketball?打篮球怎么样?一、选择正确的单词填空(who, where, when)1._ is that pretty girl? She is

12、 my sister.2._ are Jack and Tom? They are behind you.3._ do you go to school? I go to school from Monday to Friday.4._ has a beautiful flower? John has a beautiful flower.5._ are they? They are my parents.6._ is my mother? She is in the living room.7._ are you going? We are going to the bakery(面包坊).

13、8._ do Jim and Wendy play ball? They play ball in the afternoon.9._ does he jog? He jogs in the park.10._ are you from? I'm from Changchun city.二、就画线部分提问1.He is my father.2.They are under the tree.3.I often watch TV after dinner.(晚饭后) 提示:饭后强调的是时间问题。4.Lily swims in the swimming pool.(游泳池)5.Superm

14、an flies in the sky.5.现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作现在进行时时间状语及标志性词 now 现在 at this time 在这时 at the moment 现在 look 看(后面有明显的“!”) listen 听(后面有明显的“!”)现在分词的构成 一般在动词结尾处加ing eg: gogoing look-looking 以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e加ing。Eg: writewriting close-closing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个字母,再加ing.eg: getgetting runrunni

15、ng ( swim, run, put,get,sit,begin)现在进行时的构成肯定句: 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状. eg: He is doing his homework now.否定句:主语+am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状. eg: He is not doing his homework now.一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+其他+时状?Eg: Is he doing his homework now?肯定回答:Yes,主语 +am/is/are Eg Yes, he is.否定回答:No, 主语+am

16、 not/isnt/arent Eg: No, he isnt.一、用现在进行时连写句子 1)Li Ping;learn;to;speak;English;2)it;rain;now 3)they;watch;a football match;on TV 4)he;look;out of the window;5)look;the dog;sleep;二改成一般疑问句 1)Mike is climbing the hill。2)We are having an English lesson now。3)Li Ping is jumping like a monkey。 三、对划线部分提问 1)

17、The baby is listening to the music。2The old man is sleeping right now。 3The children are listening to the teacher of English。四、将下例句子改成否定句1)The woman is making a cake in the kitchen。 2)We are having lunch now。3)The boy is waiting for his mothe under the big tree。 6一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与过去的时间状语连用:ye

18、sterday ,last week(month,year)(1)系动词be的过去时: am(is) was, are were陈述句:He was at home yesterday.否定句:He wasnt at home yesterday.疑问句:Was he at home yesterday?Yes ,he was./No ,he wasnt.(2)行为动词的一般过去时:陈述句:主语+动词过去式+其它I go to the movie. I went to the movie.否定句:主语+助动词didnt+动词原形+其它I dont go to school today. I d

19、idnt go to school.一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+其它Do you have breakfast? Did you have breakfast?Yes,I do./No,I dont. Yes,I did./No,I didnt.(3)规则动词的过去式变化规则变化规则 1.一般在词尾加ed. playplayed2.以不发音的e结尾的,只加-d. like likedlove loved3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的,变y为i ,再加ed. study studiedcarry carried4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed stop s

20、topped plan planned动词不规则变化:do did have had go went see saw read read get gotgive gave sleep slept eat ate write wrote find_-found请用正确动词形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He_(watch) TV and

21、_(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) Engli

22、sh last night. 8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _. 9. How _(be) Jim's weekend? It _(be not) bad. 10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _.7情态动词的用法1have to,意思是"必须、不得不",它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。(1)结构:主语have to动词原形其他(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用has to;句子是过去时,用ha

23、d to.)如:We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上,我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一,我不得不早上5点起床。(2)否定形式:主语don't have to动词原形其他(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时,用didn't have to)如:Nick doesn't have to w

24、ear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。(3)疑问句:Do (Does或Did)主语have to 动词原形其他如:Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.是的,我必须。不,我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚,他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗?2 can的用法(1)表示能力,"会&

25、quot;"能" Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗?Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。(2)表示允许、许可,"可以"、"能"Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗?注意 同样是情态动词,can 和have to 的用法是有区别的,和大

26、部分情态动词一样,can在否定句中,直接在can后加上not,在疑问句中,把can放到主语前面,并且没有人称和数的变化。8名词单复数变化规则一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1.一般情况加 s : book- books mouth-mouths house-houses girl-girls2.以 s 、 sh 、 ch 、 x结尾的加 es : class- classes box-boxes match-matches 3.辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 i加es: city-cities country-countries party-parties

27、factory-factories 4.以 o 结尾的词 +es的只有以下词 :heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes/zeros 以 o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母 +s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos)5.以f, fe 结尾的 变f或fe为v +es : thief wife life knife wolf half leaf shelfB: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则:1.manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese childch

28、ildren, mousemice,2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss. 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servantmen servants. (boy/girl students)woman doctorwomen doctors.9be动词的用法口诀我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它;单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。10一般现在时1、当句子表状态说明主语是什么或怎么样时,其句

29、型:主+be动词(am, is, are)+表语,否定式是在be动词后加not,疑问句是将be动词提前到句首(即在主语之前) e.g. The twin sisters are from America. 这对孪生姐妹是美国人。 The twin sisters are not from America. Are the twins from America? 2、当谓语由实义动词充当,主语不是第三人称单数时, 句子结构为:主语+动词原形+其它 否定式为:主语+don't+动词原形+其它 疑问句为:Do+主语+动词原形+其它? e.g. We speak Chinese. Do you

30、 speak Chinese? They don't speak Chinese. 当主语是第三人称单数时: 句子结构为 主语+动词(词尾加s或es)+其它。 否定式为:主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它。 疑问句式:Does+主语+动词原形+其它?用适当形式填空。1.What time_ his father_(do) the work?2.He _(get) up at five oclock.3._ you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4.What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?

31、5.Tom _ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she _( watch ) TV with her parents.8. _ Mike_( read ) English every day?9.How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?10.We often_ ( play ) football

32、 in the playground.11情态动词should"应该"情态动词should意为“应该”,常用于提出建议。它没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。should的否定形式是在其后面直接加not,可缩写为shouldnt。【拓展】提出建议还可以用下列句型:1. Lets do . 咱们做吧。2. How / What about doing .? 做怎么样?3. Why dont you do .? / Why not do .?为什么不做?例如:Lets go to the park this afternoon.How / What about having a

33、rest?Why dont you / Why not go swimming with us?请将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。1. 你应该多喝水。2. 他应该呆在家里。3. 我们不应该乘坐出租车。4. 她应该在九点以前回来。5. 他们不应该吃任何东西。12形容词,副词的比较级、最高级一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,例如,heavy-heavier-he

34、aviest4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,例如,big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful二、不规则变化一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too例如,He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant

35、follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2.原级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级/as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如,Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。(2)“甲+be+

36、not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如,This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如,He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词,much,a lot,far,的多a little,a bit,一点儿even甚至,still仍然例如Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。She drives still more ca

37、refully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。2.比较级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如,I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。 He runs thre

38、e times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。(2)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如,Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如,He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。He does his ho

39、mework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。(4)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”。例如,The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真,犯的错误越少。(5)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,Who draws better,Jenny or Danny?谁画得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?3.最高级常用句

40、型结构(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如,Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如,I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of

41、短语”表示“是中最之一”。例如,Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。例如,Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较例如,Which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春

42、天,夏天还是秋天?(一) 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_(二)用所给词的正确形式填空:1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever).2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁).3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I.4. Johns

43、 parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child.5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.6. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother.7. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house.(三)选择填空:1 He feels _ today than yesterday.A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D.

44、much tired2. Which do you like _, coffee, tea or milk?A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst3. Of the two toys, the child chose_.A. the expensive one B. one most expensiveC. a little expensive D. the most expensive of them13现在进行时表示将来现在进行时除表示现在外,还可以表示将来。1. 英语里有些动词,特别是表示位置移动的动词,如leave, go, start,

45、 come等,其现在进行时可表示将来。2. 现在进行时表示将来时,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。3. 现在进行时常表示最近或较近的将来,有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”的含义。【提示】 现在进行时表示将来与一般现在时表示将来的区别:前者表示安排或打算要做某事,往往可以改变;后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作,往往不可以改变或不可以随意改变。例如:Tom is having dinner with Mary on Saturday.汤姆星期六要和玛丽一起吃晚餐。The train arrives at 6:30 tonight.火车今晚六点半到。【运用】请根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子,每空一词

46、。1. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。She _ _ a new bike soon.2. 下周他们将去观光。They _ _ sightseeing next week.3. 他打算到中国来。He _ _ to China.4. 周六我要拜访一位老朋友。I _ _ an old friend on Saturday.14. be going to 的用法点拨 be going to 是一种固定结构,它后面要接动词原形,用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时也可以表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作,有“准备;打算”的意思。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。例如: We a

47、re going to have a class meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们打算开班会。(安排) Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些乌云,快要下雨了。(推测) 二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式 be going to 结构中的助动词be很少用原形,它一般有三种形式,即:am , is , are 。当主语是 I 时用am ;当主语是第三人称单数时用is;当主语是其他人称时用are。例如: I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天

48、早上我要去买些东西。 She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先生。 三、含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法 由于句子中有助动词be,因此be going to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易,即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句;把be (am, is, are) 放到句首,在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句,其答语为:Yes, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+ isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not.不过 I

49、am. 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you .?”。例如: They are going to see the car factory next week. (肯定句) They are not going to see the car factory next week. (否定句) Are they going to see the car factory next week? Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.) (一般疑问句及其回答)四、使用be going to 应注意的两点 1 There be 句型的be going to 结构为:T

50、here is / are going to be. (注意句型中going to 后面的be不能改为have。) 常用来表示将有某事发生。例如: There is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 2 come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如: Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。根据括号内的要求完成下列各题,每空一词(含缩写)。1. Th

51、e students are going to play basketball this afternoon. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)_ the students _ to play basketball this afternoon?No, _ _.2. We are going to visit their new school. (改为否定句)We _ _ to visit their new school.3. She is going to work in Tianjin. (对划线部分提问)_ _ she _ to work?15.人称代词和物主代词1,人称代词分三类,第一

52、人称,第二人称,第三人称第一人称:主格:I,We;相应宾格:me,us(我,我们)用法里,i和we通常做主语 比如:I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳 We are good friends.我们是好朋友宾格的me通常指说话人自己,比如I hope you can lend it to me.我希望你能把那东西借给我us的用法也与之相当,表示一个说话的整体,比如Let us do that.让我们做那件事吧第二人称you的主格和宾格形式相同,you没有变化,可以作主语或宾语(可以做单数主语 你,或是复数主语你们)作主语例如You are the best.你是最棒的,作宾语如I ha

53、ve paid you the money.我已经把钱给你了第三人称主格he,she,it,they(他,她,它,他们),宾格him,her,it,them用法与前面相同,一般来说,主格一般做主语,宾格则作宾语居多物主代词则分为名词性和形容词性,将之列举形容词性:单数第一人称,my(我的) 单数第二人称your(你的) 单数第三人称his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)复数our(我们的),your(你们的)和their(他们的)名词性:单数第一人称,mine(我的),第二人称yours(你的)第三人称his(他的)和hers(她的)复数ours(我们的),yours(你们的)和theirs(他们的)看起来物主代词意义相同,但最大的区别就在于词性的不同,如Our country is a great country.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家,这里的our是形容词性所以必须加名词才能构成主语,换句话说country是国家的意思,而our是充当类似形容词的作用修饰country,表示城市是我们的(不是别人的)而ours作为名词性的词语,则可以充当类似名词的作用,作主语,可以说Ours (=Our country) is a great country.所以名词性和形容词性的最大区别就在于名词性可以充当形容词性的省略名词性=形容词性

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