七年级下Units3-4语法讲解及练习

1、Unit 3 How do you get to school? 点 击 要 点一. 重点单词：takemust worry so二. 重点短语：坐火车/地铁 依靠，取决与 担心 与不同 远离 需要做某事 坐船 骑自行车 少数 三. 词汇辨析.： 1. take/spend/pay/cost spend，cost，take和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。 spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两

2、个小时。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：(1)sth. costs (sb.) 金钱, 某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering

3、 these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole af

4、ternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例:

5、They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。（5）pay money back 还钱。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。即学即练： 1) He often much time playing computer games. 2) It usually her two hours to do her homework. 3) How much did the new cell phone you? 4) Allan 380 yuan for th

6、e e-dictionary.2. get to/ arrive in/arrive at/ reachreach后不用加介词如 I reach school.get要加介词，但接副词时不用如THERE HOME HEREget to直接加地方arrive in/at也直接加地方，但IN 是大地方，AT是小地方reach,get,get to,arrive in/at都是及物动词，但arrive 不加介词时是不及物动词，可以不加宾语.如:I arrive 我到达了。不能说I reach,/get/,get to,它们后面要加宾语。即学即练：1)When can you school? -I g

7、et to school at seven.2) They Beijing yesterday.3) They the bus stop.4) We home at six.3. other/others/the others/the other/another1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如： Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。 2.the

8、other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得

9、多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。 3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others. 没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”

10、。是the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。.the others=.the other+可数名词复数5.another=an other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughter

11、s. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人即学即练：1) Lin Feng always help people.2) The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, is an engineer.3) Many people are in the park. Some are taking a walk, are flying kites.4)Would you like cup of coffee?4. a n

12、umber of /the number ofa number of 是指“大量的”,后面的动词是复数形式e.g. A number of our classmates love English.the number of 是指“.的数量”，后面的动词是单数形式e.g. The number of our classmates is 45.即学即练： 1) A number of students reading in the classroom. 2) The number of students in our class 56.四. 重点句： 1. -How do you get to s

13、chool?I ride my bike. 2. How far is it from your home to school? 3. It takes me twenty-five minutes to school.4. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus! 5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?五. 重点语法： 1. take的用法.一、 拿，取 I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室。 二、

14、吃，喝，服用，放 Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。 Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗？ 三、 乘车(船)等 Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去？ They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。 四、 常常和it连用，it在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等” How long will it take you to do you

15、r homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间？ It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。 五、“做事情”, 常常和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作 例如：take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下, take a look看一看等等。 构成常用的重要词组： 1. take away 拿走 Tom takes the knife away from the little boy. 汤姆从小男孩手里把刀拿走了。 2. take care (=be car

16、eful=look out) Take care!The car is coming! 小心！车来了！ 3. take (good) care of (好好)照顾，照料 I can take care of the baby all by myself. 我自己能照顾这个小孩。 4. take down 取下来 Take down the picture and put up the map of the world. 摘下这张图画，挂上一幅世界地图。 5. take out 拿出 Please take out a piece of paper and write down your nam

17、es on it, OK? 拿出一张纸，在上面写下你们的名字，好吗？ 6. take off脱下；飞机(等起飞) Sorry! You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room. 对不起，在进入微机室之前，先要把你的鞋子脱掉。 The plane is going to take off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了。 7. take one's temperature 量体温 Mingming is ill. The doctor is taking his temperature now.

18、明明生病了，大夫正在给他量体温。 2.复习一般现在时基 础 巩 固一. 单项选择.( )1. - did you come here? - boat.A. How, ByB. How long, ByC. How, Take ( )2. Health your healthy lifestyle.A. dependsB. decidesC. dependson( )3. In North America, most students go to school the school bus.A. byB. takeC. on( )4. My parents are my home in thre

19、e days. A. reaching to B. arriving in C. getting to ( )5. How does it take? It takes about 10 minutes .A. long, walkB. long, to walkC. far, walking( )6. The passage is very hard because there are many new words in it.A. very B. so C. such( )7. She often a bike to the school. A. takes B. drives C. ri

20、des( )8. The weather in Beijing is that in Changsha.A. far fromB. same as C. different from( )9. The old woman is her lost son.A. worried about B. worry C. worried( )10. do you the transportation in your town?A. What, thinkB. How, think ofC. What, think of( )11. -Can you tell me it is from here to d

21、owntown? -Yes, its fifteen minutes by bus.A. how muchB. how longC. how far( )12. Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It be very expensive. A. mustB. canC. cant( )13. I know itll me much time to practice it, but Im sure I can learn a lot from it. A. spendB. takeC. pay( )14.

22、-The sandwich is delicious. -Would you like one?A. other B. others C. another( )15. He to clean the classroom.A. needntB. dont needC. doesnt need( )16. books are missing in the library. We must ask the police for help.A. Much B. A number of C. The number of二一般现在时语法专练。1. Mike (stay) at home on Sunday

23、s.2. My sister (not like) eggs at all.3. Li Lei often (carry) water for the old woman.4. you (get) to school at 7:30 every day?5. We (begin) class at seven thirty in the morning.6. My brother (watch) TV every evening.7. When they (clean) the house? -They usually (clean) in the afternoon.8. Light fas

24、ter than sound(travel).能 力 拓 展一阅读训练。一) 完形填空(课堂限时训练)。 In Great Britain, there are many rules(遵守) to make the roads safe, but sometimes people do not obey the rules. They are careless. If everyone obey the rules, the roads will be much safer. What shall we do then?Remember this rule: In Britain, traff

25、ic keeps to the 1 . Cars, buses and bikes must keep to the left side of the roads. In most other countries traffic keeps to the right.Before you cross the road, 2 and look right then look left, and look 3 again. If you are 4 that the road is 5 , it is time to cross the road. 6 you see children or 7

26、people, please 8 . Let them first. It is polite to 9 them.We must teach little children how to cross the road safely. We must always give them a good example. Little children must not 10 on the road.( )1. A. leftB. rightC. middle( )2. A. waitB. stopC. think( )3. A. leftB. frontC. right( )4. A. pleas

27、edB. sureC. lucky( )5. A. cleanB. emptyC. dirty( )6. A. AfterB. BeforeC. If( )7. A. oldB. youngC. short( )8. A. watchB. shoutC. wait( )9. A. showB. helpC. cross( )10. A. skipB. walkC. play二)阅读理解(课堂限时训练)。AWhen I was in seventh grade, I was a volunteer(志愿者) at the hospital in my town. I helped Mr. Gil

28、lespie there. He had no visitors. I spent many days there holding(抓住) his hands and talking to him, helping with many different things. He was in a coma(昏迷).Once, I left for a week. I went on a vacation with my parents. When I came back, Mr. Gillespie was gone. I didnt ask any nurse where he was. I

29、was afraid they might tell me he died.Several years later, I met Mr. Gillespie in a bookstore one day. I said hello to him and told him how I knew him. His eyes were filled with tears, and he gave me a warm hug(拥抱).He told me that he could hear me talking to him. He could feel me holding his hands t

30、he whole time. He thought I was an angel, not a person. Mr. Gillespie said that my voice and my hands kept him alive.I didnt see him again, but I was always happy to think of him. I knew that I made a difference between his life and his death. More importantly, he made a difference in my life. He ma

31、de me an angel! True or False:( )1. “I” helped Mr. Gillespie because we are friends.( )2. Mr. Gillespie died when “I” came back from the vacation.( )3. “I” met Mr. Gillespie a few years later.( )4. We can see that it is possible to make a difference to other persons life by doing small things.( )5.

32、“I” became an angel after I helped Mr. Gillespie.B小材料阅读( )1. Which sign can you probably see in the library?( )2. The doctor gave medicine to Jack. Please help Jack read the label(标签) and choose the right information.Take 2 spoonfuls(汤匙) 4 times a day.Warning:Dont drive or ride a bicycleA. Jack shou

33、ld take the medicine as much as he likes.B. Jack shouldnt ride his bike after taking the medicine.C. Jack should take his medicine 3 times a day.CBus 1Bus 2Bus 3Bus 4Bus 5Library6:006:056:356:457:00Video arcade6:156:206:507:007:15Park6:406:457:107:207:30Factory7:007:207:307:408:00School7:157:357:508

34、:008:15Hospital7:358:008:158:228:40Supermarket8:008:208:358:478:55Computer city8:158:308:559:009:15 1. If you want to get to school at eight, which bus will you take? 2. Which bus can take you to the hospital before eight? 3. If you live near the bus stop, and you take Bus 3, when will you arrive at

35、 the computer city? 4. Amy lives near the library. How long does it take her to go to school by Bus 2? 5. What time must you get on the bus if you live near the video arcade and want to buy a computer at nine oclock? Unit 4 Dont eat in class1. Mr /mist / 先生。用于姓前Mrs /misiz/夫人。用于已婚女子丈夫的姓前。 Miss /mis/

36、小姐。用于未婚女子的姓前。 Ms /miz/ 女士。用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。 sir /s /先生，阁下。一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用。 Madam /m d m/女士，夫人，太太。一般单独使用，不与人的姓连用。2.arrive late for = be late for 做某事迟到 Dont arrive late for school.上课不要迟到。2. else / other 别的，其他的else修饰疑问词或不定代词，位于其后。Other修饰名词，位于其前。 What else do you have to do? 你们还必须做什么事？ I have someth

37、ing else to tell you.我还有别的事情要告诉你。 Where are the other boys? 其他的男孩在哪儿？3. have to / must1) have to“必须，不得不”，表示客观需要，即受客观条件限制不得不或必须去做某事。2) must表示说话人的主观看法。3) must只用于现在时，在表示过去、将来和完成时，用have to 的相应形式来代替must.My mother is ill, I have to look after my sister at home.我妈妈病了，我必须在家照看我妹妹。You must be careful. 你一定要小心。

38、4. practice doing sth 练习做某事5. too much / too many / much tootoo much“太多”，修饰不可数名词。 too much water太多水too many“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。 too many children太多孩子much too“太”，修饰形容词或副词。 much too small太小6.after school放学后 after class 下课后7.on school nights 在上学期间的晚上8.No talking! 禁止谈话！ No+名词或动名词，表示禁止、不要做某事。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟！

39、 No parking!禁止停车！ No swimming! 禁止游泳！ No photos! 禁止拍照 No noise!禁止喧哗！9.I have to be in bed by ten oclock.我必须在10点之前上床睡觉。 1）in bed “睡觉，卧床”in hospital在住院 in the hospital在医院里at table 在吃饭 at the table在桌子边 2）by + 时间：在之前 by Monday 在星期一之前by + 交通工具：乘某种交通工具by the way顺便问（说）一下【知识点拨】重点词汇及句型用法讲解：解析1. Lets see the p

40、andas first._A、这是一个lets开头的祈使句，表示邀请，建议；意为“让我们吧”。lets是let us缩写，后面接动词原形。即let sb do sth肯定回答用That sounds interesting/ OK./All right./Yes, lets /All right或OK。否定回答用Sorry, I趁热打铁：Lets (play)volleyball, All right.Lets (go) to a movie.Let me (tell) you about it.B、see 在句中是及物动词，意为“_”，强调看的结果。你能看见那只鸟儿吗？ _ _ _ the

41、bird ？C、“first”副词。意为“_、_”，我想先回家. I want to _ _ _.“First” 也可做序数词，表示“_” 国庆节在十月一日。 National Day is on _ _.解析2.why do you want to see them? _.1）Why 是特殊疑问词，意为“_”，用来引导询问原因的特殊疑问句。常用because引导的句子来回答，表示直接的原因或理由。你为什么喜欢音乐？因为它有趣._ _ you like music? _ its interesting.2）注意：在英语中用because 不用so，或用so不用because 如：Because

42、 English is very interesting, I like it. Because English is very interesting, so I like it. ( × ) 3）want sth 想要某物 我想要一件蓝色毛衣。I _ _blue sweater.want to do sth . 想要做某事 她想先看大象：She _ _ _the elephants first.want sb to do sth. 想要某做某事 我父母想要要我帮助他们。My parents_ _ _ _them.解析3.well, because shes kind o

43、f boring. _ kind of 是固定用法，常见口语中，意为“_”，常用来修饰形容词，相当于_也可单独使用。例如：考拉有点害羞。 Koalas are _ of shy.“kind”可做名词，意为“_ ”。短语what kind of._例如: 你喜欢哪种食品？_ _ _ food do you like? “kind”还可做形容词，意为“善良的、友好的”。他的妈妈是一个善良的女人。Her mother is a _ _.形近短语：all kinds of 各种各样different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种 解析4she sleeps all day, h

44、er name is Lazy. _ “sleep”做动词，意为“_”后面可跟副词或介词。例句：因为噪声我不能睡好。I cant _ _ because of noise(噪声)。“all”形容词，意为_，与单数名词连用时，表示某事在某段时间内持续发生。例句：他整日整夜的玩。He plays _ _ and _.“all”做形容词时， 还可与可数名词复数或不可数名词田连用，表示“全部、所有；一切”。此时名词前可用the,this,that, my ,her 等修饰；可数名词复数前还可用数词修饰。她所有的朋友都在这儿。_ _ _ are here.所有的同学放学后都回家了。_ _ _ go ho

45、me after school.基础巩固I. 根据所给单词，填入一个正确的单词形式。1. Yao Ming practices _(play) basketball every day.2. _(not) talk. It s time for class.3. My sister _(have) to look after my mother at home today.4. I have to go to the supermarket _(late).5.We often go to the _(child) palace after school.II单项选择1. There is _

46、milk on the floor.A . too many B. too much C. much too D. many too2. There are _rules in my family.A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too3. Please help me _ French.A. speaking B. to speaking C. with peak D. speak4. He often _English with the foreign teachers.A. practice speak B. practices s

47、peak C. practice speaking D. practices speaking5. Dont _bed _9 oclock.A. go, at B. in, by C. be in, by D. go in, at 5、_ she _ clean the classroom today?A. Does, has to B. Does, have to C. Does, has D. Does, have6、Dont _TV too much after school.A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. to watching7、Its ver

48、y warm outside. You _ wear the coat.A. must B. dont have to C. have to D. mustnt8、The girl _ red dress is my friends daughter.A. with B. wear C. put on D. in9、My mom _carefully, but she _ nothing.A. listened, listened B. heard, heard C. listened, heard D. heard, listened10、Does your father always wear _?A. uniform B.