初一七年级下册英语知识点unit3-unit

1、知识点大全Unit 3 How do you get to school?一、重点语法：询问别人做某事的方式用How引导特殊疑问句其回答有多种方式，其中一种结构是by doing sth.或by sth.的结构。询问两地的距离用how far 引导特殊疑问句回答用be + (distance) + away + from的结构。例句： A: How do you get to school?( 你如何去上学 ?)B: I take the subway.( 我乘地铁去上学。)A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(从家到

2、学校需要花多长时间?)B: It takes 25 minutes.( 要花25 分钟。 )二、重点短语：by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车how far多远depend on 依赖于by boat = take the boat 乘船look at 看by train = take the train乘火车by bike = ride one's bike骑车by subway =take the subway 乘地铁by plane = take the plane 乘飞机on foot 走路get up 起床have breakfast 吃早饭leave fo

3、r somewhere 离开去某地take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地half an hour = thirty minutes半小时 (三十分钟 )around the world = all over the world全世界get to school 到学校1. take the subway to = go to by搭subway地铁2. take the train to = go to坐火车by train3. take a bus to = go to by bus = go to乘坐公共on汽a车bus4. take a taxi to = go to坐的

4、by士 taxi5. ride a bike/ bicycle to = go to by骑bike/自行bicycle车6. walk to = go to on步行foot7. take a car to = go to in a car= go to 坐汽车 by car8. get to school 到达学校get to=arrive in/at=reach到达(in 加大地方at 加小地方 )9. 10 kilometers from school离学校 10 公里（远）10. from to 从 到 from his home to school从他家到学校11. how （用于

5、提问状态和交通工具）怎样how long用来询问时间的长度（用于提问时间段多长时间）或物体的长度how often（用于提问频率）多久时间一次how far （用于提问距离）多远how many 用于提问数量）多少how much （用于提问数量/价钱）多少 /多少钱how soon12. have a quick breakfast 快速地吃早餐13. leave for school 出发去学校14. the early bus 早班车15. take sb. to school 带某人去学校Then the early bus takes him to school. 然后，他乘坐早班车

6、到学校16. bus ride 搭公车的路程17. bus stop 公车亭知识点大全18. bus station公车站bus stop是指小站，bus station指大的站，比如汽车站。现在的英语尤其是美式英语里，二者的区分不是太细。19. train station火车站20. subway station 地铁站21. think of认为22. around the world=all over the world遍及全世界22.the school bus 校车23. in North /South America在北 /南美洲in the north/south/east/we

7、st of American在美国的北 /南 /东 /西部24. on the school bus 乘 /坐校车25. in other parts of the world在世界上的其他地方26. the other （两者中的）另一个27. others = other (students) 其他的（学生）28. things are different情况不同29. be different from与 不同be the same as 与 一样 (见后 )30. make a difference 产生差异31. depend on 取决于 /依赖 /依靠In China , it

8、depends on where you are .视 depend而定on；决定于I haven t a car, I have to depend on the buses我没.有汽车，只能依靠公共汽车。32. go to school by boat = take a boat to school坐船去上学33. must be 肯定 /一定是34. a lot more fun更多的乐趣35. not all students 并非所有的学生36. the most popular ways /means 最流行的方式 means of transportation 交通方式In Ch

9、ina ， bikes and buses are the most popular means of transportation. 在中国，自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。37. a small number of 小部分的A small number of students take the subway to school. 小部分学生乘坐地铁上学38. a large/ great number of 大多数的 a number of + 复数名词作主语，动词用复数“许多 ” =many可用 large/great/small 修饰，表程度。 the number of + 复数

10、名词作主语，动词用单数“ 的.数量 ”A great number of students are young.The number of them is 2,200.39. be ill in the hospital生病住院ill( 形容词 )： illness（名词）ill 和 sick 都可作表语He is ill/sick.他生病了。但是 He is a sick man. 他是一个病人。 （ sick 作定语，此时不能用ill ）40. worry about sb./sth.担心某人 /某事 worry about sb/sth=be worried about为某人 /某事.担

11、心I worry about my study.= I am wirried about my study.41. take a shower 淋浴42.at around six thirty 在大约六点半around 作介词时，是 “大约、将近 ”的意思时，常与数词连用He leaves for school at around six thirty.他大约在6 点 30 分动身去学校leave for动词短语，意思是“去（某地） ”见 3 单元重点短语归纳中的详解43. five minutes步walk行五分钟的路程44. Don t worry别.担心45. in Chinese 用

12、汉语46.How/ What about？How/ What about？常用来询问和建议，其中about 是介词，其后跟名词、代词及动名你对? 的看法怎样？你?认为 怎样？知识点大全词，意思是 “怎么样？ 如何？ ”How about trying again?再试一下如何？二固定结构1. It takes/ took (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花了某人时间 /某人花了 时间做某事It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.我花了 20 分钟的时间完成了所有的作业。It took him 2 years t

13、o finish making the movie.他花了两年的时间制作了这部电影。此句子结构可等同于：sb. spend/ spent some time on sth. 某人花了 时间在某事上 sb. spend/ spent some time (in) doing sth. 某人花了 做某事It takes me 20 minutes to finish all my homework.= I spend 20 minutes on all my homework.= I spend 20 minutes (in) doing all my homework. It took him

14、2 years to finish making the movie.= I spent 2 years on the movie.= He spent 2 years (in) making the movie.三 . 重点句子1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike to school.2. How long does it take?It takes about 25 minutes to walk and 10 minutes by bus.3. How long does it take you to ride your bike to

15、school? It takes me 35 minutes to ride my bike to school.你需要多长时间到校？步行大约10 分钟，乘汽车15 分钟。4. How far is it (from his home to school)?= How far does he live from school?It is three miles (from his home to school).从他家到学校有多远？大约10 公里。5. What do think of the transportation in your town?= How do you like the

16、transportation in your town?= How d o you like6. That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus!那肯定比坐公车更有趣的多！表推测： must be 一定、必定、肯定用于肯定句中a lot/a bit/a little/much/some/even/still/far修饰比较级a little. tallermore 是 many、 much 的比较级，表示“更多的 ”意思。比较级 + than 构成比较级结构。7. A small number of students take a subway. a

17、 number of = many 许多8. Don't worry. 别担心。9. I have a map but in Chinese .10. When it rains I take a taxi .11. In North America , not all students take the bus to school . not all 是部分否定，意思是并不是所有的；不是全部的表部分否定： not 与 all, both, many, much, everyone, everything, always 等连用，表部分否定。四句子结构拓展 1. It depends

18、on where you are. 取决于你在哪里。这是一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。I know. He comes from Spain. I know he comes from Spain.知识点大全I want to know.Where does he come from? I want to kno w where he comes from. 2. In places (where there are rivers and lakes), students usually go to school by boat.(在有河流和湖泊的)地方，学生通常都坐船去上学。这是

19、一个定语从句。where there are rivers and lakes是定语，修饰前面的名词place.The girl (who speaks French) is my classmate. 那个（说法语的）女孩是我的同班同学。若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是人物，则用关系代词who 连接 .He wants to live in a place (where there are flowers and grass).他想住在有花有草的地方。若定语从句修饰的名词（先行词）是地点，则用关系副词where连接 3take/ spend /cost take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下

20、几种：(1) It takes sb. 时间 to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例： It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth. takes sb. 时间 ,做某事花了某人多少时间。例： Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。 spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1) spend time money on sth. 在 上花费时间（金钱） 。例： I spent two hours on this

21、 maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。例： They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money for sth.花钱买 。例： His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了。 cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示 “值 ”， 常见用法如下：(1)sth. costs (sb.) 金钱 ,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例： A new computer co

22、sts a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.)时间 ,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意：cost 的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 pay的作 “花费 ”的意思时，常见用法如下：(1)sb.+ pay for sth.付 的款例： He paid 5 for the book.他买这本书花了5 英镑。(2)pay sb.for sth.为 给某人报酬例： T

23、he boss paid Bob for his work.老板为他的工作给了Bob报酬。练习一、词义1. have to2. a number of3. in hospitalmustthe number ofin the hospital二、句子1. 步行大约要 25 分钟。2. 从他家到学校有多远 ?知识点大全3. 托马斯想知道她怎么去学校。4. 世界各地的学生们怎样去上学 ?5. 在世界的其他地方，情况有所不同。6. 在日本，大部分学生坐火车上学，尽管也有其他人步行或骑自行车。7. 那一定比乘坐公共汽车有趣多了。8. 并不是所有的学生都坐公共汽车上学。9. 少数学生乘坐地铁。10. 你

24、认为你们镇的交通怎么样 ?三. 作文根据育英中学八年级(1) 班学生上学方式的调查表，用英语写一篇短文，不少于70字。There are fifty students in Class 1, Grade 8 at Yuying Middle School. Every day they go to school in different ways. Fifteen students take buses and twelve take the subway because they live far from the school. Ten students walk. They think

25、walking is good for their health and they live near the school. Thirteen students ride their bikes to school because they like riding bikes very much and their homes are not very far from the school. No one goes to school by car.知识点大全Unit4 Don teat in class.学习目标：1. 谈论规则2. 祈使语气3. 表示允许4. 能够用口头或书面描述规则重

26、点和难点：重点掌握祈使语气的用法，包括表示允许的Can 及其当情态动词用的have todo;以及各种可以用在表述规章制度的动词和句型。难点在于情态动词的用法，以及祈使句与它的应答。1. 表示规则的句型：- Dont run in the hallways. - Sorry, Ms Mendoza.Dont watch TV after school.Dont go out on school nights.1. 思考、谈论规则。Dont talk loudly.Do your homework after school!Practice your guitar every day.2. Ca

27、n： such as: We can do. We cant do . Can we do?- What are the rules? - Well, we can t arrive late for class.- Can we listen to music, Alex? - We cant listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.一.短语1. in class 在课上4. no talking禁止交谈2. on school nights在上学的晚上5. listen to music 听音乐3.

28、school rules6. have to 不得不校规7. take my dog for a walk带狗去散步8. eat outside 在外面吃饭9. in the hallway在走廊上10. wear a uniform穿制服11. arrive late for class 上学迟到12. after school 放学后13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面16. by ten o'clock. 十点之前17. be in bed 在床上18.

29、 the Children's Palace 少年宫19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭二 .重点句型1.Dont arrive late for school=Dont be late for school2.Dont fight.3.Dont listen to music in the classroom.4.Dont run in the hallways5.Dont smoke .It s bad for your health.6.Dont play cards in school7.Dont talk in class8.Dont watc

30、h TV on school nights.9.Dont sleep in class.10.Dont play sports in the classrooms.11.Dont sing songs at night.12.Dont talk when you eat.13.Dont wear hats in class.14.Do homework by 10:00.15.Clean your house!知识点大全16.Make the bed.17.Can we ? Yes ,we can . No, we cant.Eg: Can we arrive late for class ?

31、 No, we ca nt. We can 18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don三. 重难点解析：t arrive late for class. t.1. 情态动词 have to 的用法， 意思是 " 必须、不得不 " ，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。(1) 结构：主语 +have to+动词原形 +其他(一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to; 句子是过去时，用had to.)如：We have to wear sneakers for gym class.在体育课上，我们必须

32、穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day.汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 amlast Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5 点起床。(2) 否定形式：主语+don't have to+ 动词原形 +其他(一般现在时， 主语是第三人称单数时，用 doesn't have to. 句子是过去时， 用 didn't haveto)如： Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform.尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do ou

33、rhomework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。(3) 疑问句： Do (Does 或 Did)+ 主语 +have to + 动词原形 +其他如： Do you have to stay at home on weekends?周末你必须呆在家里吗?Yes, I do. / No, Idon't.是的，我必须。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night?昨晚，他不得不 11 点前上床睡觉吗?2. 情态动词 can 的用法(1) 表示能力， " 会 "" 能 "( 在第一册中已

34、经学习这种用法 )Can you play the guitar?你会弹吉它吗?Judy can speak a little Chinese.朱蒂会说一点中文。 I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。(2) 表示允许、许可， " 可以 "、 "能 "( 在这一课中新学的词义 )Can the students run in the hallways?学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗 ?注意 同样是情态动词， can 和 have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中，直接在can 后加上 not，在疑问句中，把can 放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。3. hear， listen 和 sound 都有 " 听 " 的意思，但三者是有区别的。(1)hear" 听说 "，侧重于 " 听" 的内容I'm sorry