八年级下册英语重要知识点

1、 Unit 1 Whats the matter? 1 主题功能1. 学会谈论健康问题，健康状况（Talk about your health）2. 能够辨认身体部位。（parts of the body）3. 能够提供建议（Give advice）二重点单词1. head 头 2. neck 颈部 3. back 后背 4. leg 腿 5. arm 手6. hand 手 7. foot 脚 8. nose 鼻子 9. eye 眼睛 10. ear 耳朵 11. mouth 嘴 12. tooth 牙齿 13. stomach 胃14. headache头痛15. toothache牙痛16

2、. stomachache胃痛17. fever 发烧18. backache后背痛19. sore throat 咽部疼痛20. tired 累的 21. thirsty 口渴的 22. hungry 饿的 23. dentist 牙医三重点短语1. have a stomachache 胃痛2. have a cold 感冒3. lie down 躺倒4. take ones temperature 给某人量体温5. have a fever 发烧6. go to a doctor 看医生7. get off 离开，出发8. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是9. agree

3、 to (do sth) 同意做某事10. get into trouble 陷入麻烦 11. fall down 摔打，12. thanks to 幸亏，由于13. in time 及时14. give up 放弃15. be interested in 对.感兴趣16. make a decision 做决定17. cut off 砍到，切碎四核心句型1.Whats the matter? 怎么了？1. I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。2. What should I do? 我应该做什么？3. I think you should lie down and rest.

4、 我认为你应该躺下休息4. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a doctor. 如果你的头和脖子明天仍然痛，那么去看医生吧。5. He hurt himself in P.E class. 他在体育课上伤害了自己。五语法结构情态动词should(1) should 作情态动词时，表示责任和义务，含义是“应该：应当”，可用于各种人称。如：What do you think I should do? 你认为我应该做些什么？(2) should 可用来表示推测和估计，常译成“按说应该”。如：I think she should

5、 arrive home by now. 我想她此刻应该回家了。(3) should 与 how，why，what 等词连用，多表达惊讶、意外等情绪。如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？六教材知识全解1. How to talk about our health .解析：问某人哪儿不舒服。When we are not feeling well , we often go to see the doctor . The doctor will ask :Whats wrong (with you) ?Whats the matter (with you) ?Whats you

6、r trouble ? What happens to you ? (Is there) anything wrong with you ?都表示“你怎么了”。叙述病情。There is something wrong with my tooth . 我的牙出问题了。Doctor , Im not feeling well . 我感觉不好，医生。I feel terrible . 我感觉糟透了。I feel very ill . 我感觉病得很重。This place hurts . (Ive got a pain here) 这个地方疼。My leg hurts . 我腿疼。I dont fe

7、el like eating . 我不想吃东西。I have a cold . 我感冒了。I have a fever . 我发烧了。I have a headache . 我头疼。处置或提出建议：1)Open your mouth , please . 张开嘴。I want to take your temperature . 我想测测你的体温。2)Take this medicine three times a day . 这个药一天吃三次。3) Take three pills before you go to bed . 睡前服用三片。4) Youd better stay in be

8、d till tomorrow . 最好卧床休息到明天。5) Drink lots of water and have a good rest . 多喝水，好好休息。6) You should lie down and rest . 卧床多休息。7) You should drink hot tea with honey . 你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。8) You should see a dentist . 你应该去看牙医。9) You should go to bed early . 你应该早点上床（休息）。2.You must do the work with more care解析：May

9、be与may be maybe连在一起是副词，意为“可能，也许，大概”，在句中作状语，通常置于句首，也可以放在谓语动词之前；may be分写是“情态动词+动词原形”的形式，在旬中作谓语。例：一Is that true?那是真的吗? 一Maybe，I'm not sure也许(可能)是，我说不准。 He may be eighteen他可能18岁了。 Maybe your book is at home也许你的书在家里。 The book may be in the desk那本书可能在课桌里。3.I am not feeling well.我觉得不舒服。解析：I'm not f

10、eeling well是病人回答医生或回答他人询问病情时常用的回答方式之一，意为“我感到不舒服”。I am not feeling well也可以说成I don't feel well。类似的答语还有：I feel terrible我感到不舒服。I feel even worse我感到更糟糕了。feel在该句中为系动词，意为“觉得，感觉”。He feels comfortable他觉得很舒服。I feel coldhungry我感到冷/饿。4.start to do和start doing解析：都表示“开始做某事”，但是在以下三种情况中用start to do而不用start doin

11、g。(1)主语是物而不是人时。例：The ice started幻melt冰开始融化了。(2)start本身为-ing形式时。例：He is just starting to write the letter他刚刚开始写那封信。(3)其后的动词与想法、感情有关时。例：She started to understand it她开始明白这件事。5.That's too bad解析：是人们对于对方或者自己的不幸、不理想的结果抱有可惜的一种感情流露，意为“太可惜(糟糕，不幸)了。”通常用于口语中。 例：That's too badI can't catch the trainI

12、 have to go there tomorrow太糟糕了，我赶不上火车了，我只好明天去那里了。一I failed the exam again this time这次考试我又没及格。That's too badYou should work harder at your lessons真可惜，你应当更加努力地学习功课。6.So解析：常常与动词、形容词等连用，以避免重复。常用的动词有say，speak，tell，hope，believe，do等；形容词有afraid等。例：一I failed the math examReally?我数学考试没有及格，真的吗?一I'm afr

13、aid so恐怕是这样。7.Advice解析：是名词，表示“建议”，属不可数名词。例：Please give us some advice请给我们出些主意。She gave me some advice on how to learn English她向我提出了如何学习英语的建议。相关短语：take sbs advice接受某人的建议 ask for sbs advice征求某人的意见8.healthy与health解析：二者词性不同，因此用法就不同。(1)health为名词，意为“健康(状态)”，其反义词是i11ness。通常作宾语。例：She is in good health她身体健康。

14、Drinking milk is good for your health喝牛奶有益于你的身体健康。(2)healthy是形容词，意为“健康的”，其反义词是unhealthy。在句中作定语或表语。例：My wife had a healthy baby just now我太太刚生了个健康的宝宝。9.too much， much too与too many解析：三者均是含有副词too的短语，但其用法不同。(1)too much和much too样子很相似，但是用法不同。Too much后接不可数名词，意为“太多”；much too后跟形容词或副词，意为“太”。例：There is too much

15、 noise in the classroom教室里太吵。The book is much too dear这本书太贵。(2)too many的中心词是many，too是修饰语，因此该短语是形容词短语，常用来修饰名词复数。例：There are too many old books in the library图书馆里旧书太多。10.Also, too与either解析：三者都表示“也”。但是用法有区别。(1)too用于肯定句，置于旬末，前面加逗号；也可以用在句中，前后都加逗号。(2)also含较庄重的色彩，通常置于be等助动词后，实义动词前。例：He likes English，too=He

16、，too，likes English他也喜欢英语。She is rich，and she is also selfish她很富有，也很自私。She also learns English她也学英语。(3)either用于否定句，置于句末，并用逗号隔开。例：He is not there，either他也不在那儿。11.For example 与like解析：(1)for example意为“例如”，作插入语，用逗号与句子隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。例：Tom is a good beyFor examplehe often helps Granny Li do housework汤姆是个好男

17、孩。比如他常帮李奶奶做家务。(2)like也常用作举例，但其后常接名词或代词。例：Some warm-blooded animals，like the cat and the dog，don't need to hibernate一些温血动物，像猫和狗，不需要冬眠。12.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is alos good for this.解析：此句中的Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs作主语，是动名词短语，谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式，故be动词用is。13.stressed out解析：是一个形容词短语，此

18、处作表语。stressed由动词stress而来，它是8tress的过去分词，stress意为“加压力”。在英语中，有部分动词的过去分词已演变为形容词，常见的如：interest(使感兴趣) interested，worry(担忧) wortied，relax(放松)relaxed，excite(使兴奋)-excited，lose(丢失)-,lost，amazing(使惊奇)-,amazed。这类形容词往往用来说明人的情绪。例：We are relaxed on weekends周末我们可以放松一下。They Were amazed to hear the news听到这消息他们很惊讶。14.

19、The children were very excited when they see so many animals in the zoo解析：这是由and连接的并列句，在两个句子中，都用It's+adj+to do sth句型，意为“做某事是的”。It是形式主语，to do sth真正的主语。若表示“某人做是的”，则用It's+adj+for sb+to do sth 例：It's dangerous to play on the read在马路上玩耍是很危险的。15.few, a few, little, a little解析：这几个词均为名词的修饰语，用来表示

20、名词的量，但含义有所不同。(1)few修饰复数名词，具有否定意义。The animal is ugly，and few people like it这个动物很丑，几乎没有人喜欢它。(2)a few用来修饰复数名词，意为“几个，数个”，具有肯定意义。There are a few elephants in the zooThey are so big动物园里有几头大象，它们真大。(3)little具有否定意义，意为“很少，几乎无”，用来修饰不可数名词。There is little milk in the glass杯子里几乎没有牛奶了。(4)a little具有肯定意义，意为“一些”，用来修饰

21、不可数名词。I call speak English wellbut I Can speak a little Japanese我英语说得很好，但日语仅会讲一点儿。15. 情态动词定义：情态动词表示说话人对动作的态度，比如：需要，可能，意愿，猜测或者怀疑等等。情态动词本身有一定意思，但不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须与动词原形连用。否定句中，在情态动词后面加not。情态动词有：must, shall, should, had better 词形无变化 can(could), may(might), will(would) 词形有变化 need既可以是情态动词，也可以是实义动词，具有双重性。（一）c

22、an 表示 “能，会”，否定为：cant = can not = cannot 其过去式为：couldcouldnt(1) 表示会做某事，有能力做某事。意思 = be able to例：He can speak English, but he cant speak Japanese.= He is able to speak English, but he isnt able to speak Japanese.I could smile but I couldnt speak when I was 2 months old.= I was able to smile but I wanst

23、able to speak when I was 2 months old.区别： can只用于现在时和过去时(could), be able to 可用于各种时态。例：They will be able to tell you the news soon. Mingming has been able to count numbers. be able to 不与can连用，但可以和其他情态动词或助动词连用。例：He may be able to speak English very well some day in the future.He may can speak.He can be

24、 able to speak.(2) 用于征求意见Can /Could /May /Might I(we) do sth?Yes, you can/may. / Of course you can.No(Sorry), you cant. /mustnt.注意：此处的could和might都不表示过去，只是语气上的委婉，不用作回答。 否定回答中，表示对他人造成一定伤害或影响，或表示违反了某种规定或法律时，用mustnt较好。 例：Could I take the book out of the library? Sorry, you mustnt. May I smoke here? Im a

25、fraid you mustnt. 表示过去能力时，could 提问，只能用could回答。 例：Could you ride a bike when you were 4 years old? No, I couldnt. (3) 表提出意见或请求Can/Could you (please) do sth? = Would you (please) do sth? （此句型中some 不变any）例：Could you please give me a hand? Would you please pass me some salt?(4) 表示允许或承诺 =may 例：OK. You ca

26、n /may come and find me at any time tomorrow.(5) 表示有一定把握的推测，用于否定句和疑问句。 肯定句用must。表示没有把握的推测，用may /might。例： The window is broken. Who did it? It may be Mary. It cant be Mary. The window is in the mens toilet. Can it be anyone else? Then, it must be Bob. I saw him go into the toilet just now.（一）may 表示“可

27、以，可能”，否定形式may not(1) 表示没有把握的推测，“可能，也许”。例：He may have a lot of work to do. = Maybe he has a lot of work to do.You may be right. = Maybe you are right.(2) 表示请求 “我可以吗？” 表示许可 “你可以” 例：You may /can go now.May I use your pen? Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Go ahead.No, you cant. / mustnt.（三）、must 表示“必须，肯定，

28、一定”， 否定形式mustnt = must not(1) 表示必须，意思同have to例：Must I do it now? Yes, you must. No, you dont have to. / No, you neednt. (注意：否定回答不用mustnt) Children mustnt play on the road because its too dangerous. (mustnt只表“禁止”) He doesnt have to go away from here. =He neednt leave here.区别：must表达主观意愿的“必须”，have to表达

29、客观上或按道理说“不得不”。例：I must study hard. Its too late. I have to go now.must 没有人称和时态的变化，而have to有。 例：He had to walk back home because he lost all his money. Mom will be away for a week, so we will have to do the cooking by ourselves.(2) 表示有把握的肯定句中的推测，“肯定，一定”，见“一、（5）”（四）、need 表示“需要”，否定形式neednt = need not(1

30、)作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句。例：He neednt go home early yesterday. = He didnt need/have to go home early yesterday. Need I call him right now? Yes, you must.(注意：肯定回答不用need) No, you neednt. /No, you dont have to.(2)作实义动词，need sth./sb. need to do sth. 否定形式dont need to = dont have to 表示“不必”例：I need some help. He n

31、eeded to go home early yesterday.Do I need to call him right now? Yes, you do. / No, you dont.(3) need 作名词 be in (great) need of sth = need sth (badly) “非常需要某物” meet the need “满足需要（需求）” there is/was no need (for sb) to do sth “某人没必要做某事”（五）、should 表示“应该”，否定形式 shouldnt = should not例：We should try our

32、best to help the poor little girl.You shouldnt be lazy.（六）、had better do表示“最好是做”，否定形式 had better not do例：Youd better not drink so much coffee.区别：Its better for you to do more exercise and not to have so much junk food.（七）、would 表示意愿常见句型：表请求Would you please do? OK. / Sorry, . Would you like sth? Yes,

33、 please. / No, thanks. Would you like to do sth? Id love to. Id love to, but.(注意：以上句型中，some不变any) Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.一主题功能1. 能够以口译形式谈论志愿工作。2. 能够正确运动一般将来时。3. 能够书写以志愿工作为话题的书面表达。二重点单词1. cheer 欢呼2. volunteer 志愿者 3. notice 发现4. lonely 孤单的5. several 几个6. feeling 感觉7. satisfaction 满

34、意8. owner 拥有者9. raise 提高，上升10. alone 独自，一个人11. repair 修理12. train 训练13. kindness 善良14. change 改变15. disabled 残疾的三重点短语1. clean up 清扫 2. give out 分发，发放 3. cheer up=makehappier 使.高兴4. come up with =think up 提出，想出 5. write down写下，记下 6. set up=establish 建立 7. volunteer ones time to do sth.自愿花时间做.8. make

35、plans计划干.9. use up用完，耗尽 10. take after在性格或长相方面与父母相象11. fix up修理 12. give away捐赠13. be similar to与.相似14. hung out闲荡 15. disabled people残疾人 16. go out of ones way to do sth帮助.做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）17. train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事 4 核心句型1. I hope to work outside. 我希望到外面工作。2. I want to learn more about how to ca

36、re for animals. 我想要学习更多有关于如何能照顾动物的方法。3. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. 当我看到动物变得更健康以及它们主人脸上高兴的表情时，我得到一中强烈的满足感。4. You could help to clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。五语法结构一般将来时：将来时间计划发生或将要发生的动作和存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间

37、状语连用，如：tomorrow .,next ,the day after tomorrow , in 5 minutes ,soon,等。构成：will do/be & be going to do/be例如：Ill help clean the city parks next week6 教材知识全解1.Id like to work outside. 解析：would like 是个固定词组，意为“想要”、“愿意”。其具体用法如下：（1）would like后接动词不定式作宾语。例：He would like to play football with us this Sunda

38、y. 这周日他想要和我们一起打篮球。（2）would like 后接名词作宾语。 例：Id like a glass of milk, mum. 妈妈，我想要一杯牛奶。（3）would like 后可接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词、不定式或过去分词作宾补。 例：I would like you to come over to my family. 我想让你来我家。 They would like the girl happy. 他们想要这个女孩幸福。 I would like your homework finished by 9:00, pl ease. 我希望你的作业在九点钟前完成。wou

39、ld you like ? 是would like的一般疑问句结构，是询问“需要”的常见句型之一。在此句型中表示“一些”时，多用some 代替any，对该句的肯定答语用yes, please.,否定答语用no, thanks.。如果like后接动词不定式，则肯定答语常用yes, Id like/ love to.。例：a: Would you like some apples ? 你想吃苹果吗？ b: Yes, please. 是的。 a: would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的吗？ b: no, thanks. 不了，谢谢！ a: Would yo

40、u like to go to the park with us? 你愿意和我们一起去公园吗？ b: Yes, Id love to. 是的，我很愿意去。2.you could help clean up the city park. 解析：（1）could 是情态动词can 的过去式形式，表示过去的能力。它没有人称和数的变化，后面接原形动词。变否定句在could后加not, 变一般疑问句把could提前 。例：The boy could ride a bike when he was seven. 这个男孩七岁时就会骑自行车。Could you speak Japanese the year

41、 before last year? 前年你会讲日语吗？在某些情况下，could 并不表示过去，只是表示委婉、客气的语气。其肯定答语用：sure./certainly./all right.等。否定答语用：sorry./sorry, I cant.等。例：a: could you tell me if he is a student? 你能告诉我他是不是学生吗？ b: sure. 当然可以。（2）clean up是省去to的动词不定式，意为“（把）打扫干净”、“梳理整齐”例：we must clean up the playground every morning. 他每天必须把操场打扫得干干

42、净净。如果在clean和up间加个连字符号，那么，它就是名词了，表示“扫除”。例：you must give your classroom a good clean-up. 你必须对教室进行彻底地打扫。3. we need to come up with a plan. 解析：need 是一个常见的动词，表示“需要”之意。它既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。其具体用法如下：（1）need用作实义动词，有“必要”、“必需”之意，有人称、数和时态的变化，可以接名词、代词、动名词或带to 的动词不定式作宾语，构成疑问句和否定句时要借助于助动词。例：the man needs an english

43、dictionary when he works. 这个人在工作时需要一本英语词典。do you need to see him yourself? 你必需亲自见他吗？（2） need用作情态动词，意为“必须”、“必要”，没有人称、数等变化，后接不带to 的动词不定式。 通常用于疑问句和否定句中，构成疑问句和否定句时，不需要使用助动词。例：need you go to the park with your classmate? 你必需和你的同学去公园吗？ he neednt spend much money for this new watch. 他不必花掉这么多钱买这块新手表。由need引出

44、的疑问句，答语表肯定时用must或have to；表示否定时用needn't或don't have to。例：a: need I come to work tomorrow? 明天我需要来上班吗? b: yes, you must / have to. 是的，你必须来。 a: need I finish the work at once? 我需要马上完成这项工作吗？ b: no, you needn't / dont have to 不，不必今天完成。4 I take after my other. 解析：take after意为“（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像”

45、，后面多接指人的词为宾语，一般不用于被动语态。例：the twins take after their mother. 这对双胞胎和她们的父母很像。与take after意思相近的词组还有look like (看去像)、be like (像一样)等。例：who does the boy look like? 这个男孩看上去像谁？ his brother is like his father, isnt he? 他的哥哥像他爸爸，对吗？5last week everyone was trying to cheer up jimmy the bike boy. 解析：词组try to do sth

46、. 意思是“尽力去做谋事”，但不强调所做的事是否成功。例：try to finish your work on time, please! 请尽量准时完成你的工作！类似表示“尽力做某事”的词组还有下列两种：try doing sth. 表示“试着去做某事”。例：yesterday the old man tried opening the door. 昨天这位老人试着把门打开了。manage to do sth. 表示“设法完 成某种困难的事”，着重指经过一番努力才能达到的目的。例：the woman managed to find her lost son last week. 这位妇女终于

47、找到了上周走失的儿子。6.and called up all his friends and told them about the problem. 解析：call up 表示“给打电话”，后面接指人的单词。例：did the boy call u p you just for a chat. 这个男孩给你打电话只是为了聊天吗？。此外，表示“给打电话”的常见说法还有下列几种：give a call例：they were giving their teacher a call when i got there. 我到那儿时，他们正在给他们的老师打电话。ring up例：did you ring

48、 up your father last week? 上周你给你的父亲打电话了吗？give a ring 例：do you know who gave zhang hua a ring an hour ago? 你知道一小时前谁给张华打电话了吗？telephone / phoneup 例：telephone up me as soon as you arrive in shanghai . 你一到上海就给我打电话。telephone /phone (to)例：will you please telephone to the policeman? 请你给警察打个电话好吗？call up、ring

49、 up和telephone / phoneup等是由“动词+副词”构成的词组，如果它们的宾语是代词，这个词要用在副词之前。例：please call him up at once, please! 请马上给他打电话。7.Id like to thank you for sending money to “animal helpers”, an organization set up to help disabled people.解析：“animal helpers”动物助手,一个帮助残疾人而建立的组织.thank sb for为而感谢某人.例：thank you for your flowe

50、rs to me.set up引导的是一个省去关系代词that的定语从句.例：Thomas has a lab set up himself.8. being blind, deaf, unable to walk ,or use your hands easily is something that most people cannot imagine.解析：此句中 “being”是动名词做主语.谓语动词用单数.“.that most people cannot imagine”是定语从句,修饰something.9.or carrying things have always been d

51、ifficult for me.解析：此句中的(that) have always been difficult for me 是一个定语从句,修饰前面的things.10.then one day last year, a friend of mine said that she would like to help me out.解析：help out 意为 “使某人脱离困境”可分开使用.例：nobody helped me out when i lost my job.11. you see, im only able to have a “dog-helper” because of

52、your kind donation!解析：此句中的be able to 意为 “能够做的事”,可用can替换,主语为物时一般都使用can,can没有将来时和完成时,也不能用于其他助动词后面,所以常用be able to do 来替换.because of 是介词短语,表原因,后面接名词或代词宾语.because 是连词,词后常接从句.12.短语动词 (verb phrases)解析：(1). 现代英语中，动词之后加介词或副词构成短语 ，表达一种特定的含义，称为短语动词。短语动词如果被拆开，则不能表达这种特定的含义。同学们在学习过程中，要把这些习惯用法看作一个整体。例：look 看look f

53、or 寻找、寻求look after 照顾、照看look out 小心、注意在这个例子中，我们清楚的看到，look 的后面加上不同的介词或副词，意义截然不同。因此，对于短语动词，我们要善于积累、巩固。(2) . 短语动词也有及物的和不及物的分别，及物的短语动词必须接宾语，不及物的短语动词则不需要接宾语。例：look for 是及物短语动词：I am looking for my passport. 我在找我的护照。(my passport是look for 的宾语)look out是不及物短语动词：look out! the ice isnt safe! 当心！这冰危险！（look out后面

54、没有宾语）注意：有的短语动词可能有两种或更多不同的意思，有的含义是及物的，有的含义则是不及物的。例：take o ff 可意为“拿掉”，是及物的。he takes off his hat. 他摘下他的帽子。take off 也可意为“起飞”（用于飞机），这时它是不及物的。the plane took off at ten oclock. 飞机是10点钟起飞的。(3). 及物短语动词所带宾语的位置名词作宾语时，一般放在短语动词之后，有的也放在中间。例：he took off his coat. / he took his coat off.代词作宾语时，大多数情况下，放在短语动词的中间，有时放在

55、后边。例：he took it off. 他把它脱掉了。Im looking for them. 我正在找他们。I will give away this old coat away. /give away this old coat =give this oldcoat away.我将把这件旧外衣送掉。有时，动名词和动词不定式也可以做宾语。例：he kept on blowing his horn. 他不断地吹喇叭。例：it is up to you to decide this for yourself. 这事全由你自己决定。Unit 3 Could you please clean your rom?一主题功能1.  礼貌地提出请求：用could委婉地表示请求。  2.  礼貌地请求允许：用could委婉地请求许可。  3. make与do的区别。二重点单词1. rubbish 垃圾