英国历史(中世纪、16世纪)

1、 一一. The Middle AgeslBefore 1066King Arthur: the ruler of England in the 6th centurylSon of the king and a woman named GorloislThe round table meetinglIn 1066Battle of Hastings-this is the first clear historical eventlWilliam the Conqueror: became the king of EnglandlKing Harold: the last king of En

2、glandThe Middle AgeslAfter 1066The CrusadeslTime: 11th to 14th centurylParticipants: the European Christians and the MuslimslTimes: 9lDirect purpose: to snatch the holy land (Palestine) from the MuslimslThe real purpose: to extend the territory and to gain more overseas territoryThe Middle AgesHundr

3、ed Years WarlTime:1337-1453lParticipants: England and FrancelPlace: entirely in FrancelImportant war: the battles of Crecy and AgincourtlThe final result: France wonThe English navy was attacking the French navyThe Middle AgeslThe reasons:John of ArclDaughter of a farmerlAt 17 joined the armylAt 20

4、diedThe effective use of gunJohn of ArcMiddle agelWar of RosesTime: 14551485Participants: the grandsons of the King Edward III lThe red roseslThe white roseslReligious ReformationThe contradictions between Protestants and Catholics became a constant themeKing HenryVIIIl6 wives2 were beheadedlReligio

5、us trouble from the first wifelHenryVIII became: head of church and head of state二二. The sixteenth centurylBloody MarylElizabeth IAt reign between 1559 1603Be crowned and buried in Westminster AbbeyNot married for the whole lifeThe last monarch in TudorsA protestantElizabeth I The sixteenth centuryU

6、nder her reign, the main enemy was SpainlDefeated the Spanish fleetArmadalThe outstanding writers during the Elizabeth timesWilliam ShakespearelBorn on 23rd. Apr, 1564lDied on 23rd,Apr, 1616William ShakespeareThe sixteenth centuryWilliam ShakespearelBorn in Stratford-Upon-AvonlPlaywright and poetl37

7、 plays, 154 sonnets, 2 long poemslWorks of Shakespeare:The comedies: lMidsummer Nights Dream;lMerchant of VenicelAs you like itlTwelfth NightThe sixteenth centuryThe four tragedies:lHamlet lKing LearlOthellolMacbeth Another tragedy: lRomeo and JulietThe sonnets154 pieces1-126: to a young noble to pr

8、aise his beautiful looks and his friendship127-154: to a lady to describe loveThe rhythm of the sonnetabab, cdcd,efef,gglIn faith I do not love thee with mine eyes,lFor they in thee a thousand errors note;lBut tis my heart that loves what they despise,lWho in despite of view is pleased to dote.lNor

9、are mine ears with thy tongues tune delighted;lNor tender feeling to base touches prone,lNor taste, nor smell, desire to be invitedlTo any sensual feast with thee alone.lBut my five wits, nor my five senses canlDissuade one foolish heart from serving thee,lWho leaves unswayed the likeness of a man,l

10、Thy proud hearts slave and vassal wretch to be.lOnly my plague thus far I count my gain,lThat she that makes me sin awards me pain.l我不真的凭我的眼睛来爱你，l在你的身上我看见了到千处错误；l但我的心却爱着被眼睛所轻视的，l溺爱着，不理睬面前的景象。l我的耳朵不听你舌尖传出的愉悦的音色；l我那期待着爱抚的敏感的触觉，l我的味觉，我的嗅觉，都不愿出席l你的个人的任何感官的宴会。l可是我所有的智慧或五感却不能l说服一个痴心不爱你，l我的心不受统治，我的身体失去了灵魂，

11、l甘愿做你那颗高傲的心的奴隶。l然而我只能将我爱情的悲苦视作一种益处，l她诱使我犯罪，她令我受苦。The sixteenth centurylFrancis Bacon1561-1626Essayist, philosopher, and a politicianInductionKnowledge is powerEssayslOf studiesFrancis Bacon三三 . The seventeenth centurylThe civil war16421649Participants: Roundheads and CavaliersReason: king Charles I

12、preached “Divine Right ” Results:lCharles I was beheaded lOliver Cromwell founded a sort of republic10 years(1650-1660)A temporary overthrow of the monarchyLord of protectorThe seventeenth centurylGlorious Revolution1688Mary and WilliamMary and William四四.The eighteenth century During this period, th

13、e main enemy of England was France.lBattle of Waterloo1815In the village of Waterloo(Brussels)France & the ally of England, Russia, and Prussia.Meet his Waterloo: encounter his final disaster.The eighteenth centuryDuke of Wellington &NapoleanlDuke of WellingtonlNapoleon ExiledIndustrial revolutionLoss