九年级unit13SectionA第四课时

1、1. 不同种类的污染不同种类的污染2. 河底河底3. 把垃圾扔到河里把垃圾扔到河里4. 在在中起作用中起作用different kinds of pollutionthe bottle of the riverthrow rubbish into the riverplay a part in I. Check if you know these phrases.5. 在中国南部在中国南部6. 对对有害有害7. 在在顶部顶部8. 海洋生态系统海洋生态系统in southern Chinabe harmful to at the top ofthe oceans ecosystemtake pa

2、rt inaffordturn offreusablepay fortake actiontransportation参加参加v. 买的起；承担的起买的起；承担的起（后果）（后果）关掉关掉adj. 可重复使用的可重复使用的付费；付出代价付费；付出代价采取行动采取行动n. 运输业；交通运输运输业；交通运输Words ReviewPay attention to the sentences.1. Were trying to save the earth.2. The river used to be so clean.3. The air is badly polluted.4. No scie

3、ntific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.5. We should help save the sharks.Present progressiveused toPassive voicePresent perfectModal verbs现在进行时现在进行时: : Present Progressive结构结构: be (am/is/are) + v.-ing标志词：标志词：Look, Listen, now, right now，these days,e.g. Look! The boy is crying.

4、定义：定义：表示说话时表示说话时(瞬间瞬间)正在进行正在进行的动作的动作, 也表示目前或现阶也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。段正在进行的动作。 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Listen! The phone _(ring). Please go to answer it.2. Alan, its late. Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet. I _(wait) for her. 3. Whats your father doing now? He _ (write) a letter in th

5、e study.is ringingam waitingis writing1) 表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但 说话时可能没有进行的动作。说话时可能没有进行的动作。 Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。2) 与与always, constantly, forever, all the time等副词连用，等副词连用，表示动作反复或习表示动作反复或习 惯。惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈此时句子常含有说话者的强烈 情感在内。表达较强的情

6、感在内。表达较强的“责备责备”或或 “表扬表扬”之意。之意。 You are always changing your mind. 你总是主意不定。你总是主意不定。(太烦人了。太烦人了。) He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人。他真是个好人。) I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered. Sorry, I _ with my friends at that time. (2011河南河南) A. swim B. swam C. will swim

7、 D. was swimming考点例析考点例析【考点点拨考点点拨】 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶 段正在进行的动作，其谓语由段正在进行的动作，其谓语由“was / were + 现在分词现在分词”构成。构成。 常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有：常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有： then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday等。等。used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事表示过去常常做某事, 而现而现 在往往不做了在往往不做了, 后接动词原后接动词原 形。形。e.g. I used

8、to get up at six oclock. =I got up at six oclock. 我过去六点钟起床。我过去六点钟起床。used to do翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。艾米以前是短头发吗？艾米以前是短头发吗？你以前常在学校吃午餐吗？你以前常在学校吃午餐吗？他过去不戴眼镜。他过去不戴眼镜。这些商店过去在周日是不营业的。这些商店过去在周日是不营业的。他以前很高，是吗？他以前很高，是吗？Did Amy use to have short hair?Did you use to have lunch at school?He didnt use to wear glasses.The

9、shop usednt to open on Sundays.He used to be very tall, didnt he?used to 的否定句和疑问句的否定句和疑问句否定句：否定句：didnt use to /used not to 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Did you use to.? /Used you to ?变反意疑问句变反意疑问句，附加疑问部分可用，附加疑问部分可用didnt /usednt 或或did / usedShe used not to like tests.Used you to be popular in school?They usednt to go s

10、kating, did they? Jenny used to play the piano. 用用used to句型说出与图片情景相符的句子。句型说出与图片情景相符的句子。Jenny Mike used to wear glasses. Mike, glasses Peter used to play soccer. Peter, soccer Amy, long hairAmy used to have long hair. Mark used to like swimming. Mark, like swimused to “_”, 表示表示_used to + _对比现在和过去对比现在

11、和过去: _过去的习惯过去的习惯过去常常过去常常动词原形动词原形but not any more, but not any longerbut now ，被动语态：被动语态：Passive voice定义：定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行表示主语是动作的承受者，即行 为动作的对象的一种语态。为动作的对象的一种语态。结构：结构：be + 过去分词过去分词e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day.被动语态被动语态初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下：初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如

12、下：（1）一般现在时是被动语态：）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词过去分词（2）现在完成时的被动式：）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词过去分词（3）现在进行时的被动式：）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词过去分词（4）一般过去时的被动式：）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词过去分词（5）过去进行时的被动式：）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词过去分词（6）过去完成时的被动式：）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词过去

13、分词（7）一般将来时的被动式：）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词过去分词（8）含有情态动词的被动式：）含有情态动词的被动式：情态动词情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。动词的过去分词。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. The Secondary School Entrance Exams _ (hold) in June.2. A strange noise _ (hear) by his mother last night.3. A wide road _ (build) between the two villag

14、es by those people next year. is heldwas heardwill be builtTranslate the sentences by using Passive voice.1. 刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。2. 工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。The museum was visited by some old people just now. Different kinds of machines are used to work by the workers. 结构结构: has/have +

15、过去分词过去分词标志词：标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since, fore.g. I havent finished my homework yet.定义：定义：表示动作已经完成表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影但对现在造成影 响响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一或者表示从过去某一时间开始一 直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的 动作。动作。 现在完成时现在完成时: Present Perfect1) 现在完成时现在完成时 + since + 点时间状语点时间状语(名名词、短语、从句，其中从句用一般词、短语、从句，其中从句用一般过去时过

16、去时)2) 现在完成时现在完成时 + for + 段时间状语段时间状语 3) It / This is the first / 其他序数词其他序数词 / last time + that 从句中，从句使用从句中，从句使用现在完成时。现在完成时。1) Mary has been ill since three days ago. 2) Mary has been ill for three days. 3) It is the first time that I have visited the city.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. C

17、omplete the following sentences.1. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.2. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.3. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.have beenhaveheard has worked4. The twins _ (wash) the clothes for an hour.5. He _ (play) basketball since three years ago.6. How long _ Sally _ (si

18、ng) yet?have washedhas playedhassungJoe: _you ever _ (take) part in an environmental project?Ken: Yes, I have. I _ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _(consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ever _(have).Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Have take

19、n helpedconsideredhad had4aJoe: How many people _ (take) part?Ken: I _ (think) more than 1,000 people _(come) to help out.Joe: Thats fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is _ (try) to improve the environment.Ken: Yes, we cant afford to _ (wait) any longer to take action!tookthinkcametryingwaitv.

20、 承担得起承担得起( (后果后果) ); 买得起买得起1. We cant afford to wait any longer to take action! afford v. 承担得起承担得起; 提供提供, 给予给予 afford to do sth. (常与常与can, be able to连用连用) 买得起买得起; 有足够的有足够的e.g. We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。我们付不起这个价钱。 Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐。跳舞给我们带来快乐。用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适

21、当形式填空。1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 2. We should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _ (live) here for 20 years. to be clean is sleeping are planted has lived1. Dont make so much noise. The children _ an E

22、nglish lesson. (2011黑龙江绥化黑龙江绥化) A. have B. are having C. were having2. Listen! The phone _. Please go to answer it. (2011沈阳沈阳) A. rings B. is ringing C. rang D. will ring3. - Why wont you go to the movie with me, Gina? - Because I _ it twice. (2011襄阳襄阳) A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see4. China

23、 develops so fast. Thats true. It _ a lot already. (2011安徽芜湖安徽芜湖) A. changesB. changed C. will changeD. has changed 5. Nick _ a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didnt take it. (2012贵州遵义贵州遵义) A. offered B. has offered C. was offered6. Have you heard of Earth Day? Yes. The first Earth Day _ in 1

24、970 to educate us to protect our planet. (2012河南河南) A. celebrates B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated take part inAffordturn offReusablepay fortake actionTransportation参加参加v. 买的起；承担的起买的起；承担的起（后果）（后果）关掉关掉adj. 可重复使用的可重复使用的付费；付出代价付费；付出代价采取行动采取行动n. 运输业；交通运输运输业；交通运输Words Review7. Excuse me,

25、whose book is this? It _ be Johns. It has his name on it. (2013四川南充四川南充) A. must B. need C. cant8. _ I swim here? No, you _. Look at the sign “No swimming”. (2013四川广安四川广安) A. Must; cant B. Can; dont C. Can; mustnt 1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单但不能单独作谓语独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成

26、谓语。只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有常见的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。等。情态动词情态动词2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。达更加客气、委婉的语气。 e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala. Tracy could ride a bi

27、cycle when she was five years old. You mustnt play with fire. It is dangerous.考点一：考查表示考点一：考查表示“能力能力”的情态动词的情态动词 1. _ your Australian friend eat with chopsticks? Yes, but she cant use them well. A. Should B. Need C. Can D. Must2. The work is too hard for us. We _ finish it on time. A. cant B. mustnt C

28、. shouldnt D. neednt 3. Could your father play golf when he was young? No, he _. But he _ play table tennis. A. couldnt; could B. neednt; might C. mustnt; should D. shouldnt; need 【考点点拨考点点拨】 情态动词情态动词can表示表示“能力能力”时，与时，与be able to同义，其否定形式为同义，其否定形式为cant。can表示现在的能力，其过去式表示现在的能力，其过去式could表示过表示过去的能力。去的能力。考

29、点二：考查表示考点二：考查表示“应该应该”的情态动词的情态动词 1. _ we to finish our homework before noon? Yes, you _. A. Need; can B. Have; do C. Ought; ought to D. Should; must2. You _ study hard if you want to be a scientist in the future. A. may B. should C. would D. could 【考点点拨考点点拨】 情态动词情态动词should和和ought to都可表示都可表示“应该应该”，但，但

30、should侧重说话者主观的看侧重说话者主观的看法，而法，而ought to更侧重客观情况。更侧重客观情况。 should的否定形式为的否定形式为shouldnt，ought to的否定形式为的否定形式为oughtnt to或或ought not to。考点三：考查表示考点三：考查表示“请求；许可请求；许可”的情的情态动词及其回答态动词及其回答 1. _ I borrow your maths book? Sure. Here you are. A. Need B. Will C. May D. Must 2. _ I take some photos in the hall? No, you

31、 _. Look at the sign “No photos”! A. Can; neednt B. Must; mustnt C. Should; neednt D. May; mustnt 3. Could I use your dictionary for a while? Yes, of course you _. A. could B. can C. will D. should 【考点点拨考点点拨】 情态动词情态动词may和和can都可表示都可表示“请求；请求；许可许可”。may比比can正式，正式，could在表示在表示“请请求；许可求；许可” 时，既可表示过去，也可表示时，既

32、可表示过去，也可表示语气的委婉。语气的委婉。 当当“May / Can / Could I ”表示表示“请请求；许可求；许可”时，肯定回答常用时，肯定回答常用“Yes, please.” / “Certainly.”等，否定回答常用等，否定回答常用“No, you cant / mustnt.”等。等。考点四：考查表示考点四：考查表示“推测推测”的情态动词的情态动词1. I saw Lily in the supermarket this morning. Oh, it _ her. She moved to Australia the day before yesterday. A. can

33、 be B. must be C. cant be D. mustnt be2. After a long walk, the children _ be very tired now. A. will B. must C. have to D. can3. John _ go with us tomorrow, but he isnt sure. A. must B. can C. need D. may 【考点点拨考点点拨】 may, can, must都可表都可表“推测推测”，三者，三者的可能性依次递增。的可能性依次递增。 may和和must表表“推测推测”常用于肯定句常用于肯定句中，中

34、，can表表“推测推测”常用于否定句和疑问句常用于否定句和疑问句中。中。考点五：考查考点五：考查need, must和和have to的用法的用法 1. Jim, you _ play with the knife. You _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 2. _ I have to hand in my homework now, Mr Zhang? Yes, you do. A. Do B. Can C. May D. Must 3. Must I get

35、up before six oclock tomorrow morning, Dad? No, you _. Tomorrow is Saturday. You may get up a little later. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not4. Its too late. We _ go home, or well be blamed (责备责备). A. can B. may C. might D. have to【考点点拨考点点拨】 need作情态动词，意为作情态动词，意为“需要需要”，后，后接动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句和条接动词原形

36、，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。件句中。 must意为意为“必须必须”，强调主观看法。，强调主观看法。对对must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用“must”，否定回答常用，否定回答常用neednt或或dont have to。mustnt意为意为“一定不要；禁止一定不要；禁止”。 have to意为意为“ 不得不；必须不得不；必须”，强调，强调客观情况下需要做某事，有人称、数和时客观情况下需要做某事，有人称、数和时态的变化，变否定句和疑问句时需要借助态的变化，变否定句和疑问句时需要借助助动词完成句型的变化。助动词完成句型的变化。分分类类特点特点 例词例词意义意义

37、例句例句情情态态动动词词跟动跟动词原词原形形（有（有自己自己的词的词汇意汇意思）思）can (could), may (might), should, ought to, must, need, have to, etc.不能独立不能独立做谓语。做谓语。表示说话表示说话人语气、人语气、情感或态情感或态度，无人度，无人称和数的称和数的变化变化(have to除外除外)We cant carry the heavy box.He may come tomorrow.We must study hard. Translation.1. 我们不能在教室里吃东西。我们不能在教室里吃东西。2. 首先你必须

38、完成作业。首先你必须完成作业。3. 他现在不可能在家。他现在不可能在家。4. 她一定知道这个问题的答案。她一定知道这个问题的答案。We cant eat in the classroom. You must finish your homework first. He cant be at home now. She must know the answer to this question.4bFill in the blanks with the appropriatemodal verbs from the box.People _ think that big things_ be d

39、one to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you _ savemay/mightmustcancan would couldhave to should mustmay/ mightelectricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think its a great idea that you now _ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _ ride your bike or walk. If its far, you _ take the bus. All these couldhave to can/shouldcan/could关掉关掉adj.可重复使用的可重复使用的付费付费;付出代价付出代价small things _ add up and become big th