THE TENSES AND VOICES 中学英语语法复习之时态和语态

1、the tenses and voices1.the simple present tense1) 结构(active) do;does(passive) is(am,are) done2) 主要用法：表示经常发生的动作和存在的状态。eg.i often come to school early.eg.there are over 50,000 different characters in chinese.eg.he is an engineer. he looks young. 表示主语的特征，性格和能力。表示客观事实，或普遍真理。eg.the teacher told us that l

2、ight travels faster than sound.eg.practice makes perfect.在时间，条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。表示按时刻表计划或安排好的动作。（只限于表示起始或移动意义的动词。begin, come, leave, start, arrive, go, etc.eg.ill tell him about it when he returns home.eg.i will find out when the train leaves.eg.the plane for san francisco takes off at three p.m.3)与一般现在

3、时连用的时间状语：every day, once a week, often, twice a week, usually, always, seldom, sometimeseg.i go to the the cinema once a week.eg.sometimes we work until twelve oclock.1.i need one more stamp before my collection _.a.has completedb.completesc.has been completedd.is completed2.can i help you, sir?yes.

4、 i bought this radio here yesterday, but it _. a. didnt work b. wont workc. cant work d. doesnt work3.-can i join your club?-you can when you_ a bit older.a.get b.will getc.are getting d.will have got4.-do you like the material?-yes, it _ very soft.a.is feeling b.feltb.feels d.is felt5.i _ ping pong

5、 quite well, but i havent had time to play since the new year.a.will play b.have playedc.played d.play6.visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.a.will request b.requestc.are requesting d.are requesteda.persuade b. will persuade c. be persuaded d. are persuaded 7.the number of deaths from heart disease w

6、ill be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. a. doesnt gob. not to go c. not going d. dont go8.there are eight tips in dr rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is : to bed early unless you think it is necessary.9.the earth _ round the sun in 365 days.a.moves b.movedc.has m

7、oved d.move1.do you often clean your room? 2.people speak english in many countries. is your room often cleaned? english is spoken in many countries.2.the simple past tense1)结构(active) did(passive) was/were done2)主要用法：表示过去的动作或状态表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作也可用： used to + v. would + v.eg.he used to have two br

8、others.eg.when he was free, he would go and help others.在条件和时间状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。eg.i told him i would lend him my bike if mr. smith returned it to me the next day. 3)一般过去时常与下列时间状语连用：yesterday, before liberation, in 1960, two years ago, last month, in the past, the other day,etc.eg.i happened to meet h

9、im in the street the other day.1.she set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. a.arriving b.to arrivec.having arrivedd.and arrived2.your phone number again?i_quite catch it. its 9568442.a.didnt b.couldntc.dont d.cant a.promises b.promised c.will promise d.had promised3.-nancy is not coming tonig

10、ht. -but she_!4.you havent said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it? im sorry i_anything about it sooner. i certainly think its pretty on you. a.wasnt saying b.dont sayc.wont say d.didnt saya.was leaving b. had leftc. has left d. left5.- i hear jane has gone to the holy island for her h

11、oliday. - oh, how nice! do you know when she _ ?a. was missing b. had missed c. will miss d. missed6.my mind wasn t on what he was saying so i m afraid i _ half of it.1.the tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl. 2.they gave him a medal for his wonderful work. the little girl was frightened by

12、the tighter in the zoo.he was given a medal for his wonderful work.3.the simple future tense1)结构(active) will do (passive) will be done2)主要用法：表示将来的动作和状态。eg.the farmers will begin to pick apples next monday.eg.it will be a fine day tomorrow.表示将来的其他用法：be going to + v.表示打算，准备做的事，或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。eg.how ar

13、e you going to spend your holidays?eg.its going to snow.eg.theres going to be a lot of trouble about this.be about to + v.表示即刻要发生的动作。eg.we are about to leave.*be about to wheneg. i was about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me “stop!”be to + v.表示安排或计划好的动作。eg.a new hospital

14、 is to be built in our district.现在进行时表示按计划安排要发生的事。限于某些动词，如：leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.eg.my uncle is arriving at 3:30p.m. tomorrow.3)一般将来时常与下列时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week, in a moment, in the future,etc.eg.-how soon will he be back? -he will be back in two weeks.a. will never reach b. have nev

15、er reached c. never reach d. never reached1.let s keep to the point or we _ any decisions. a. will often see b. often see c. are often seeing d.have often seen2.turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families a.do you b. will you c. didnt you d. dont you 3.a

16、lice. you feed the bird today, ? but i fed it yesterday. 4.i _to las vegas before you _ back next week.a.am going; come b.shall go; comec.am going; will comed.shall go; will come5.i will go with you as soon as i _ my work.a.will finish b.shall finishc.finish d.have finished1.people will laugh at you

17、 if you wear that dress. you will be laughed at if you wear that dress.2.they wont hold the meeting until next friday. the meeting wont be held until next friday.2.the doctor will ask the patient some questions before he gives her medicine. the patient will be asked some questions before she is give

18、n the medicine. 4.the past future tense1)结构(active) would do(passive) would be done2)用法说明：不能独立使用，通常用在宾语从句中，表示从过去某一点看，在将来发生的动作或存在的状态。eg.he told me that he would go to beijing the next month.eg. at that time i did not know if he would be able to finish the work on time.5.the present continuous tense表示

19、说话的时刻正在进行的动作。1)结构(active) is/am/are doing(passive)is/am/are being done2)主要用法：what are they doing? they are playing in the garden.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,尽管此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。leave, go, come, arrive, start,etc.表示将来发生的动作。限于一些表示起始和移动等意义的动词。例如：eg.the manager is typing his letters these days.eg. he is a teacher of physi

20、cs, but he is now teaching maths.eg.the train is arriving soon.eg.they are going abroad for holidays.表示满意，称赞，关切，抱怨，不满等情感。常与always, forever, constantly, continually等词连用。eg.he is always helping people.*现在进行时所表示的动作具有临时性，生动性，非完全性等特点。eg.he is living in beijing.eg.he is walking to work because his bicycle

21、 is being repaired.*表示知觉，状态，具有，感情类的动词，一般不可用于进行时态。如：know, see, love, remember, like, want, realize, etc.6.the past continuous tense1)结构(active)was/were doing(passive)was/were being done2.主要用法：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。eg.what were you doing this time yesterday?eg.i was writing a letter when she came in.表示过去某阶段

22、在进行的暂时性习惯动作。eg.he is a doctor,but at that time he was working in a laboratory.表示过去将要发生的动作，但只限于一些表示起始和移动意义的动词。eg.i had thought that he was coming to see me the next day, but he didnt. eg.when i got there, they were preparing for their trip, as they were leaving that afternoon.表示过去打算实现，但没有实现的动作。eg.i w

23、as coming, but my car broke down.表示刚才的情况。eg.i was asking what you thought of it.eg.-can you give me the right answer?-sorry,i wasnt listening. would you please repeat that question?描写故事的背景。eg.one day, we were walking along a road, which went around the foot of the hill.suddenly, we saw a little girl

24、 running quickly towards us.现在进行时,表示未来动作的用法同样适用于过去进行时。7.the present prefect tense1)结构(active)have/has done(passive)have/has been done2)主要用法：表示发生在过去的动作到现在为止已经完成，或刚刚完成。eg.he has finished reading the book today.eg.there have been great changes in beijing in the past twenty years.表示发生在过去的动作一直延续到现在。eg.th

25、e conference has lasted for five days.eg.we have known each other since we were children.表示动作在过去完成，构成主语的经历。eg.i have been to the great wall three times.eg.this is the fourth time that i have seen the film. i like it very much.表示动作发生在过去，但对现在的情况产生影响。eg.thank you. i have had my supper.eg.i have seen th

26、e film.在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来完成的动作。（表示这一动作先于另一动作。eg.i will go and see the exhibition as soon as i have got the recorder repaired.eg.i will lend the book to you when i have finished reading it.表示一段时间内重复性习惯性动作。eg.i have always walked to work.eg.i have got up early all my life.*瞬间动作的肯定式一般不可与表示一段时间的状语一起用于现在完成

27、时。瞬间动词的否定式可以与表示一段时间状语一起用于现在完成时。eg.he has come here for two days. eg.he has not come here for two days. 3)现在完成时常与下列时间状语连用：already, notyet, now, today, this month, this year, lately,just before, in resent years, since, for two years, during the past few years, from then on, so far, up to/till noweg.in

28、 the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in china.8.the past perfect tense1)结构(active)had done(passive)had been done2)用法说明：表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。eg.he had already left when i got there.eg.they showed us the machine which they had produced.*若句子中含有 before, after, as soon as, until 等连词引

29、导的时间状语从句，通常可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。eg.after he finished the task, he left for the next town.9.the present perfect continuous tense1)结构(active)have/has been doing(passive)2)主要用法：表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，现在这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行着。eg.we have been listening to the radio for an hour.eg.-you look tired, dont you?-yes, i

30、 have been painting the room. 10.the past perfect continuous tense1)结构(active)had been doing(passive)2)主要用法：表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。eg.it had been raining for two days. the fields were all under water.eg.at last they got the telegram they had been expecting.11.时态呼应时态呼应 主句主句 从句从句现在或将来时现在或将来时 任何时态任何时态eg.he

31、 knows what i said.eg.li li tells me that shell come. 主句主句 从句从句 过去时过去时 一般过去或过去进行一般过去或过去进行（表示主从句的动作同时发生）eg.i didnt know you were studying here. 过去完成时过去完成时（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之前）eg.he said he had lost his key. 过去时 过去将来时（表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后）eg.he told me he would go to the concert.过去时 现在时（从句表达的是客观真理） 主句 从句eg.the

32、 teacher said that the sun rises in the east.eg.father told me that light travels fast.*当从句含有某一具体的过去时间状语时，其谓语不用过去完成时。 eg.he told me he was born in 1954.eg.the man said that he joined the army in the year 1964.-hi,tracy,you look tired-i am tired.i_the living room all day. a.painted b.had painted c.ha

33、ve been painting d.have painted20.shirley_a book about china last year but i dont know whether she has finished it. a.has written b.wrote c.had written d.was writing.you havent said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it? im sorry i_anything about it sooner. i certainly think its pretty on

34、 you. a. wasn t saying b. don t say c. won t say d. didn t say i wonder why jenny_us recently. we should have heard from her by now. a. hash t written b. doesn t writec. won t write d. hadn t written_he sports meet might be put off. yes,it all depends on the weather. a.ive been told b.ive toldc.im t

35、old d.i toldas shethe newspaper,grannyasleep. a.read; was falling b.was reading; fell c.was reading; was falling d.read; fellyou dont need to describe her.i her several times. a.had metb.have metc.met d.meeti dont think jim saw me; heinto space. a.just stared b.was just staring c.has just stared d.had just stared-my glasses?yes, i saw them on your bed a minute ago. a. do you see b. had you seenc.would you see d. have you seenhelen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husbandhome.