材料力学专业高级常用词汇4页

1、Fpg以下是材料力学课中专业词汇，共141个，对机械、力学专业本科生绝对有用！mechanics of materials 材料力学axial force 轴向力bar 杆（只受轴向力）torsion 扭转shaft 轴（只受扭转）bending 弯曲beam 梁（只受弯曲）compression; compressive 压缩column 柱（只受压缩）stress 应力strain 应变displacement 位移deformation 变形strength 强度stiffness 刚度stability 稳定性tension; tensile 拉伸shear 剪切prismatic b

2、ar 等截面直杆cross section 截面uniformly distributed load; uniform load 均布载荷normal stress 正应力sign convention 符号规定stress distribution 应力分布stress concentration 应力集中dimensionless quantity 无量纲量homogeneous 匀质uniaxial stress and strain 单轴应力和应变mechanical behavior (材料)力学行为specimen 试件elongation 伸长量extensometer 引伸计g

3、age length 标准长度nominal stress 名义应力true stress 真实应力proportional limit 比例极限elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 (pl. moduli)yielding 屈服plastic 塑性strain hardening 强化necking 颈缩ultimate strength 强度极限ductile 韧性percent elongation 延伸率percent reduction in area 断面收缩率brittle 脆性elastic limit 弹性极限plastici

4、ty 塑性plastic flow 塑性流动creep 蠕变relaxation 松弛Hookes Law 胡克定律Poissons ratio 泊松比lateral strain 横向应变pure shear 纯剪切shear stress 切应力bearing 挤压shear modulus of elasticity 切变模量factor of safety 安全系数allowable stress 许用应力axial rigidity 抗拉刚度 (EA)statically indeterminate 静不定equation of equilibrium 平衡方程equation of

5、 compatibility 变形协调方程constitutive relations 本构关系（物理方程）thermal stress 热应力coefficient of thermal expansion 线胀系数prestrain 预应变inclined section 斜截面strain energy 应变能strain energy density 应变能密度modulus of resilience 回弹模量impact load 冲击载荷dynamic load 动载荷repeated load 交变载荷fatigue 疲劳fatigue limit; endurance lim

6、it 疲劳极限Saint-Venants Principle 圣维南原理statically equivalent 静力等效stress-concentration factor 应力集中系数elastoplastic material 弹塑性材料 couple 力偶moment of a couple 力偶矩vector 矢量torque; twisting moment 扭矩angle of twist / rotation 扭转角rate of twist; angle of twist per unit length 单位长度扭转角polar moment of inertia 极惯性

7、矩 Iptorsional rigidity 抗扭刚度 GIpthin-walled open cross section 开口薄壁截面 bending moment 弯矩shear force 剪力simply supported beam; simple beam 简支梁pin support 固定铰支座roller support 可动铰支座cantilever beam 悬臂梁fixed support; clamped support 固定端beam with an overhang 外伸梁concentrated load 集中力distributed load 分布力intens

8、ity (of distributed load) （分布力）集度reaction 反力pure bending 纯弯曲nonuniform bending 横力弯曲neutral surface 中性层neutral axis 中性轴moment of inertia; second moment 惯性矩；二次轴矩flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度EI section modulus 抗弯截面系数 fully stressed beam 等强度梁first moment 静矩products of inertia 惯性积beam of wide-flange shape 工字梁we

9、b 腹板flange 翼缘composite beam 复合梁deflection curve 挠度曲线curvature 曲率radius of curvature 曲率半径angle of rotation 转角slope 斜率differential equation 微分方程method of successive integrations 积分法boundary condition 边界条件continuity condition 连续性条件symmetry condition 对称性条件method of superposition 叠加法 principal stress 主应力principal plane 主平面Mohrs Circle 摩尔圆triaxial stress 三向应力electrical-resistance strain gage 电阻应变片s