2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语(新课标卷1卷精编版)【含答案及解析】

1、2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（新课标卷1卷精编版）【含答案及解析】姓名_班级_分数_题号-二二三四五六总分得分、阅读理解1.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项( A B、C 和 D)中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。Y ou probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Cars on .Of theoutsta nding ladies listed below,who do you thi nk was the most importa nt woma n of t

2、he past 100years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)A nyone who has ever bee n helped by a social worker hasJane Addams to tha nk. Addam s helped the poor and workedfor peace. She en couraged a sense of com muni ty(社区)bycreat ing shelters and promoti ng educati on and services for people in n eed . In 1931,Addam

3、sbecame the first America n woma n to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carso n(1907-1964)I f it weren t for Rach el Carson, the environmentalmoveme nt might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Sile nt Spring raised aware ness of the dangers of polluti on and the harmful effects of chemicals on hu

4、mans and o n the world slakes and ocea ns.Sandra Day O Connor(1930 -present)W hen San dra Day O Connor fini shed third in her class atStanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woma n. Shebecame an Arizona state senator( 参议员)and ,in 198 1, the first woman to

5、 join the U.S. SupremeCourt. O Connor gave the decidi ng vote in many important casesduring her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)O n December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Ro sa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus toa white passenger. Her simple act landed P arks in prison. But

6、it also set o ff the Montg o mery busboycott. I t lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil- rights movement. “ Th e only tiredI was, was tired of givin g in, ” said Parks.1.What is J ane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D.

7、 Her community background.2.What was the reas on for O Connor s being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial condition s.3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movemen

8、tin the U . S . ?A.Jane Addams._ B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day O Connor. D. Rosa Park.4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.2.Grandparents Answer a CallAs a third - generation nati

9、ve of Brownsville, Te xas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, shepolitely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms . Ga rza finally say yes. That wasfour years ago. Today all thre e ge

10、nerations regard the move as a success, giving them a closerrelationship thanthey would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Ga rza who are moving closer to adult childrenand grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even Pre

11、sidentObama s mother -in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the WhiteHouse to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents . C om , 83percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thir

12、ds believe morefamilies will follow the example ofObama s family.“ I n the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn t ge t away from home far enough for fastenough to prove we could do it on our own, ” says Christine Crosby, publish er of G r and , amagazine for grandparents . “ We now realize how

13、 important family is and how important it is ” tobe near them , especially when you re rais ing children. ”M oving is not for everyone. A lmost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildrenand is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently inste

14、ad. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, butgiving up the life you know may be harder.1. Why was Garza s move a success? A It strengthened her family ties. B It improved her livingconditions. C It enabled her to make more friends. D It helped

15、 her know more new places.2. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. R obinson s decision?A 17% expressed their support for it.B Few people responded sympathetically. C 83% believed it had a bad influence. D Themajority thought it was a trend.3. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A Th

16、ey we re unsure of themselves .B They were eager to raise more children.C They wanted to live away from their parents. D They h ad little respect for their grandparents .4. W hat does the author suggest the grandparents do in thelas t paragraph?A.Make decisions in the best interests of their own .B.

17、Ask their children to pay more visits to them .C. Sacrifice for their struggling children .D. Get to know themselves better .3.I am Peter Hodes , a volunteer stem cell courier . SinceMarch 2012, I ve done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad . I have 42 hours to carry stemcells （干细胞） in my little

18、 box because I ve got two ice packs and that s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor（ 捐献者 ） to the time they can beimplanted in the patient, we ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hur

19、ricane in America. I picked up the stem cells inProvidence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when Iarrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “ Well, I m really sorry, I ve got some bad news for you there are no f l ights from Wash

20、ington. ” So I took my box and putit on t he desk and I said: “ In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for apatient-please, please, you ve got to get me back to the UnitedKingdom. ” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held forme ， re-routed

21、（ 改 道）me through Newark and got me back to the UK eve nearlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, you re consciously aware that inthat box you re got something that is potentially going to save somebody s life.1. Which of the following can replace the underlined word“ courier ” in Parag

22、raph1?A.provider_B. delivery manC . collectorD . medical doctor2. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that much time .D.The ice wont last any longer.3.Which flight did the

23、 woman put Peter on first?A. To London . _ B. To Newark .C. To Providence .D. To Washington .4.The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they maybe empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also showstubbornness, uneasiness, or

24、worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremelyuncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap （ 间隙 ） with conversation. Personsin other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person sneeds.Many Native Americans va l ue silence an

25、d feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of thesecultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied（ 暗示 ） is that the person wants thelistener to consider what has been said before contin

26、uing. In these cultures, silence is a call forreflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among peopleor in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, andSpanish persons may use silence to show agreemen

27、t between parties about the topic udnerdiscussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person inauthority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, personsin Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly t

28、o an elder or a person inauthority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they comeacross the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their ownpersonal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient s silenc

29、e is not interrupted too earlyor allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing（ 治愈 ） value of silencecan use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies ange

30、r.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific.D. It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.3. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as

31、 the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.4. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold二、七选五5. 根据短文内容，从短文后的

32、选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多 余选项。Secret codes （ 密码 ）keep messages private . Banks, companies, and government agencies usesecret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 1. Code breaking never lags（ 落后 ）farbehind code

33、 making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography. 2. For example, the first letters of “ My elephanteats too many eels ” s pell out the hidden message “ Meet me. ” 3. You might repres ent eachletter with a number, for examp

34、le. Let s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for eachletter, the messageMeet me ” would read13 5 520 135.A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a realcode, you must have a code book. 4. For example, “ brid

35、ge ” might stand for “ meet ” and“ out ” might stand for “ me. ” The message “ B ridge out ” would actually mean “ Meetme.5._ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. Socodes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any language,

36、some letters are used more than others.C.Onlypeople whoknow the keywordcan read the messageD.As long as therehave beencodes,people have triedtobreak them.E.You can hide amessage byhavingthe first lettersofeach word spell itout.F.Witha code book, youmight writedown words thatwould stand for otherword

37、s.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for spe cific letters of the alphabet.三、完形填空6.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D ）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A Heroic DriverLar ry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in2009, Larry was _ along 165 north after delivering to on

38、e of his_ . S uddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. _ hegot closer, he found vehicle upside down on the road. One more look andhe noticed shooting out from under the vehicle. L arrypulled over, set the brake andthe fire extinguisher （灭火器 ）. T wogood bursts from the extinguisher and the fi

39、re was put out.The man who had his bright lights on and toldLarry he had an emergency call. T heyheard a woman s voice coming from the wrecked （ 毁坏的 ）vehicle. the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. T hey toldher to stay until the emergency personnel arrived, s

40、he thought the car was going to . Larry toldher that he had already put out the fire and she should notmovesheinjured her neck.O nce fireandemergency people arrive d ,Larry and theother manand let them go to work.Then, Larryasked theif he was needed orto go.They let himand the other man go.Onethingi

41、s Larry wentabove and beyond thecall of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! H is most likely saved the woman s life.1. A. walkingB. touring C traveling_ D rushing2. A. passengersB. colleagues C.employers_ _ D.customers3. A. Since_ BAlthough_ _ C. As_ D. If4. A. each_ B. another C.that_

42、D.his5. A. flames_ B. smoke C.water_ D. steam6. A. used_ B. disabled_ _ C. removed_ D.abandoned7. A. got holdofB.prepared Ctook charge of_D. controlled8. A. came downB.came through C. came in_ D.came over9. A. returned_ B. received_ _ C. made_ D.confirmed10. A. then_B. again_ _ C. finally_ D. even11

43、. A. Starting_ApproachingB. ParkingC. Passing_ _ D12. A. quiet_B. still_ _ C. away_ _ Dcalm13. A. for_ B. so_ C. and_D.but14. A. explode_B. slip away_ C. fall apart_D. crash15. A. as if_ B. unless_ _ C. in case_ D.after16. A. steppedforward_ _ B. backed off C. movedon D.set out17. A. woman_B. police

44、_ C. man_ D. driver18. A. forbidden_B. ready_C. asked_ D. free19. A.for certain_B. for con siderati onC.reported_D.checked20. A.patienee_ B. skills_ C. efforts_D.promise四、语法填空7.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chen gdu has doze ns of new milli on aires, Asia s biggest buildi ng, and fancynew hot

45、els. But for tourists like me, pan das are its top _ 1._(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profitPanda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research . I 2.( a llow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be theirUK

46、 ambassador. The title will be_ 3._(official) give n to me at a ceremony in London .But my connection with pan das goes back 4.my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,5.I was the first Western TV reporter_6. (permit) to film a specialun it car ing for pan das rescued from starvati on in the wild. My a

47、mbassadorial duties will in clude7. (in troduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pan das at Chen gdu and others at a research in themisty moun tai ns of Bife ngxia.On m y rece nt visit, I hel d a lively three-mo nth-old twin that hadbee n rejected by8._ (it) mother. The nu rsery team switches himev

48、ery few 9._ ( day) with his sister so that while one is beingbottle-fed, 10. other is with mumshe n ever suspects.五、短文改错8.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或 修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(删除：把多余的词用斜线(修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改 10 处，多者 (从第 1

49、1 处起)不计分。My uncle is the owner of a restaura nt close to that Il ive .Though not very big , but the r e staurant is popular in our area . It is always crowded with customers atmeal t imes . Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his s uccess is honest.Every day he ma

50、kes sure tha t fresh vegetables or high quali ty oil are using for cooking. My uncle says thathe never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will growsteady.六、书面表达9.书面表达 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（ 给外教 M s Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（ format ）1.词数

51、 100 左右 ;2.可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯参考答案及解析第 1 题【答案】resume）。l.AE.Cir4,C【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主聲仆绍了几位著名的女性她们在各自的領域做出了非凡的贡献。L o2. could not find vork at a lav firm because she was a啊man可她因为是女性而破法律公司 拒绝录用。故选 X3. kicked off the civilrights jnovement可知Rosa对民赧运动做出了贡軾故选叽电第 2 题【答案】1.Akr缶c4. A【解析】薛體艙T薩確罂音譎勲貂了社会上舷老年人搬至悟子女近

52、的地方居性的一臟臥同1.直工端到富孩子近的地方屆隹让他们的关系更密切，一家人认为这是一个成功的爭情口故选爲2. believe more faMilias will follow the eiample of Obama/ s family可知,很务人会登Marian Robinsan的影响，卡斤以这会形成一彳中淖祐.敲选*3. Co4. 第 3 题【答案】1. U2. E3. E【解析】|g|：本文是一篇记叙文主墓介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历表现了人们之1,工ve done 39 tiipaQl have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my

53、little boxl次及第二段內答 司知 ft 者是运送干细胞KA J也就是delivery mane故迭B。郵錨霸沏ara鹘病 to 则出正确的筍丈*2. H have 42 hcuxsIQcaxxy stemin. my lit tie boz because I ye gat tiro込号packs and.thw# s ho1Qthey last,可矢U水盒只能葆样42小吋谨亘的温熱故选D 3.She axTarLsed fox a flight on a snail plane to be held fox me, rexouted me thicrugh Newark可知，这位扌

54、子心药女匸首尧超昨者圭恥旳rk的命班鮫选E。第 4题【答案】1. C2. A3. P4. E【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，王墓介绍了沉對在不同袁化背星F的不同内涵。1.nkeanint o silence varies among cultural groups可知作者认为沉黑戈是有文化特性的。2.细节理解題鼻根据第二段中what may be implied is lhat the- person wants the listener to considar vhat has beensaid before continuing可知中国人认为股话时人们沉就是在思考。. rurseTLQ

55、uridex stand? the healing value si lexica can ise this unders tandin百tc assist in the caze of patients可*山作者建议护士要用沉厭乘冶疗病人-故i虹=4.o据上下文只第 5 题【答案】1.12. E3. G4F5. 【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设羞方法和破解的方法。. a code b血可以判酣亥句是介绍巒础书的使用，故夬斷尸选I顾決起到承上启T的作用。5.第 6 题【答案】l.C2. D3. C4. E5. A6. E7. A8. D 9 C10. A11

56、. D12. B13. D14. A15. C16. B17. B18. D19. A20. C【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文主要介绍了司机Lai创在路上遇到着火的汽车，积极救人的故事。1动词辨析。根据下文中Lsy pulled。心可知他沿看公路行驶。Travel行进”,故选C。备査嚼普零4單昌哥解甘with Transport Drivers, Inc.可知他是司机，由此推断他应该是3连词辨析。根据语境判断当他走近的时候，他又发现了另一辆汽车a/当时候跨o前句Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights om可知当时有一辆开着亮 孫文发现一嘀极毁的汽车。第 7 题【答案】10. the考查冠词 one -the1 attraction2. was allowed3.officially4. to5. when6 permitted7. introducing8 its9 days10. the【解析】试题分析：1. attraction考查名