高中英语北师大版选修6词汇语法总结完整版

1、1 选修六词汇基础：lesson 1 1 is that an authentic painting from picasso , or a modern copy ? 那是毕加索的真迹，还是现代复制品？考查单词： authentic adj.原作的，真正的2 stop looking for the perfect job - it s just afantasy. 别再找完美的工作了 这只是个幻想。考查单词： fantasy n.想象(幻想)物3we must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woo

2、dlands. 我们必须鼓励植树，保护我们的现有林地。考查单词： preserve vt.保护，保存lesson 2 1 i used to hate being teased about my red hair when i was at school. 我以前不喜欢在学校里被人取笑我的红头发。考查单词： tease vt.嘲笑，取笑2 mr. howard gave us very specific instructions. 霍华德先生给了我们非常具体的指示。考查单词： specific adj.详细地，特定的lesson 3 1 in fact, losing weight is a

3、slow , gradual process ! 事实上，减肥是一个缓慢、渐进的过程！考查单词： gradual adj.逐渐的2they plan to expand the pub by adding a family room. 他们计划通过增加一个家庭房间来扩大酒馆的规模。考查单词： expand v.扩大，扩充3 lara was able to tell me everything that had happened in precise detail. 劳拉能准确地告诉我发生的一切。考查单词： precise adj.准确的，精确的communications workshop

4、1 i feel a little tense because of tomorrow s examinations. 因为明天的考试，我有点紧张。考查单词： tense adj.紧张的2theyd chosen an awkward time to call me as id just got into the bath. 他们选择了一个尴尬的时间打电话给我，因为我刚进了浴室。考查单词：awkward adj.笨拙的；令人不舒服的3the first mobile phones were heavy and clumsy. 第一部手机又沉又不得体。考查单词： clumsy adj.笨拙的短语

5、总结：knock sb. over撞倒某人block out 堵住in this way 用这种方法in the way 妨碍;挡道by the way附带说说 ;顺便一提burst into 突然起来break into 闯入，破门而入in a way从某种程度上说get stuck in 被困于hold up举起；支撑起come across偶然遇见figure out 理解，想出split up 断绝关系，分成小部分end up以结束 |告终put up with 忍受，容忍as soon as = hardly / scarcely when = no sooner than 一就id

6、 rather do sth than do sth 与其不如2 语法总结：1、have / get sth . done 1 可表示主语有意识的行为，其具有使役意义，即可指让别人为自己做某事，也可以指主语本身做某事。2 还可表示 “ 遭遇/经历某事 ” ，此时句中所表示的动作是违背主语的意愿的。扩展：1、have/ get sb./sth. doing 表示“ 使某人 /某物处于某种状态 ” 。2、have sb.do sth./ get/leave sb.to do sth. 表示让 “ 某人做某事 ” 。典型例题：1 my mother said the soup was tastele

7、ss and had me getting some more salt for it. 我妈妈说汤没味道，让我多拿些盐来做。get 考查语法： have sb.do sth. 表示让 “ 某人做某事 ” 。2 andrew had his son stand outside for an hour. standing 考查语法： have/leave/ get sb./sth.doing 表示“ 使某人 /某物处于某种状态 ” 。3 i wanted to see an interesting film with mike , but he couldnt go until he got h

8、is homework finishing. finished 我想和迈克一起看一部有趣的电影，但他直到做完作业才去。考查语法： have / get sth . done指主语本身做某事。4 when i arrived at the theater, kathy picked up the tickets and she had been waiting for me near the entrance. had 当我到达剧院时，凯西拿起票，她一直在门口等我。考查语法： have / get sth . done指主语本身做某事。5 kathy told me you has been l

9、ate several times in the past and that she had would not make plans with you again in the future. 凯西告诉我你过去迟到过好几次，她以后不会再和你计划了。考查语法： have / get sth . done指主语本身做某事。2、过去完成时： had + done表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即过去的过去。例题： hardly had he gone to sleep when the telephone rang again. 他刚睡着，电话又响了。3 考查语法 /句型：1

10、hardly / scarcely when 一就2 hardly + had + 主语 + done 表示倒装句句型3 过去完成时： had done 选修六语法总结past participles. 过去分词。过去分词在句中可做形容词或副词。在句中作定语，宾语补足语或表语。动词的 -ed 形式和它的逻辑主语是被动关系 (下面句中逻辑主语是哪个？) locked up, he had no way to escape. mary got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 动词的-ed形式的用法1-ed 形式-作表语，说明主语的状态。she l

11、ooked tired with cooking. when we got there, the shop was closed. 2. -ed 形式-作宾语补足语在感觉动词 see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find 使役动词 get, have, make, leave, keep 后作宾补。we found all the rivers seriously polluted. one of the glasses was found broken. doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 3-e

12、d 形式-作定语单个-ed 形式作前置定语（相当于形容词）。 带有修饰语或其他成分的-ed 形式，作后置定语，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。we have read many novels written by this author. we must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. the retired man was very interested in painting. the injured workers are now in the hospital. 4. -ed形式-作状语seen from the tower, t

13、he city looks beautiful. = when the city is seen from the tower. given more time, he would be able to do better. 4 二、modals verbs: must, may, may not, might, cant, could, modals for guessing,表示推测的情态动词。must 肯定一定，may /might /could 可能，也许may not, might not :可能不cant 不可能modal + infinitive without to 情态动词+

14、不带 to 动词不定式，表示对现在情况的推测。modal + be +-ing 情态动词+be +动词 ing modal + have + past participles 情态动词 +have+ 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。三、reported speech 间接引语（ 1）ask/ tell/order 某人+不定式报道请求或命令。 若请求或命令式否定的， 则用 ask/tell /order 某人+not+不定式来表示。the teacher asked the students to close their books. the doctor told them not to wo

15、rry. 四、reported speech 间接引语（ 2）用法，报道某人所说的话时，间接引语中的时态要改变。如下表：直接引语间接引语present simple 一般现在时past simple 一般过去时present continuous 现在进行时past continuous 过去进行时present perfect 现在完成时past perfect 过去完成时past simple 过去时past perfect 过去完成时past continuous 过去进行时过去完成进行时will would be going to was/were going to first con

16、ditional 真实条件句second conditional非真实条件句（现在将来）eg: we will go there if you want us to. (first conditional) they said they would go there if he wanted them to.(second conditional) 五、third conditional 虚拟语气和过去事实相反的假设。构成： if +过去完成时 would/could/might +不定式完成式。third conditional 可以表示过去非真实的场景，和对过去并未发生的事情提出假设。5

17、六、1.wish +过去是太表示对现在情况感到懊悔遗憾。i wish i had more free time. 2.wish + 过去完成时表示对过去发生的情况感到懊悔。i wish we had gone rock climbing last weekend. 3. should should shouldn t + 不定式完成时表达对过去事情的懊悔（本不该）i shouldnt have gone to that school.选修六一、past perfect过去完成时应用： 1.过去完成时表示过去的事件之前发生的事件或存在的状态。2.过去完成时和一般过去时用于同一个句子中表示过去的事

18、情发生的顺序。the police arrested the man who had broken into a jewelers. when i arrived, she left.（我到和他走同时或者几乎同时我看见到他走） when i arrived she had left. （到到时他已经走了，我没见到她）形式：过去完成时的构成是：主语+had+动词过去分词。i knew (that) i had met him before. by + 过去时间点 -过去完成时。before/after/until/when/引导时间状语。二、past perfect continuous 过去进

19、行时强调某个过去时间之前发生较长时间段内进行的动作。she was rescued by a man who had been working in a nearby garage. 过去某个确定时间点内反复进行的动作。we had only been driving for about fifteen minutes when jill asked me to stop the car. 过去某个时间点还在进行的动作。i d been waiting for the train for over an hour when they announced that it had been can

20、celled. 四、进行时态和非进行时态在下列情况下使用进行时态。1）动作还没有完成： the doctor was writing a note. 6 2)活动是暂时的而不是永久的。youre breathing quite heavily.3)较长时间内的反复进行的二不是一次发生的动作。the man was looking at his watch. 下列动词不能用于进行时：know，like, understand, belong, resemble, realize. 五、used to and would. 用 would 和 use to 表示过去经常进行二现在不再进行的动作。s

21、he used to have more friends than anyone else ive known.would 只描述动作， used to 描述动作和状态。we would /used to go mushroom-picking in autumn. my little sister used to be very shy. 六、determiners 限定词，在下列词前用限定词单个可数名词前： a/an, the, another, the other. 不可数名词前： the , some, no, a lot of, much, all (of the) 复数可数名词前：

22、 the, some, any, no, many, several, a lot of, all (of the), (the) other. 2)a/an 用于下列情况：a 第一次提到某事物， b，提到某个特定的人或无关紧要，如将该人或该物作为群体或类别的例子。 c，当对方确切地知道并能够比较容易地辨认所提到的人或物时用the. 常见冠词短语（零冠词 /an/a/the ）catch fire 着火set sail 启航in advance预先at first 起初in public 当众in sight 看得见out of control 失控out of date 过时at most

23、最多at least至少make use of利用do harm/bad/wrong to 对有害take pride in 以为自豪as a result 因此 as a whole( 总之)at a loss不知所措do sb. a favour( 帮忙)keep an eye on注意着 be a pity(遗憾) catch a cold( 感冒) in a hurry(匆忙的 ) have a word with sb.(与交谈)pay a visit to(访问) put an end to 终止take a walk(break, bath, seat)( 散步(休息、洗澡、就座

24、 ) at the age of 在岁时at the same time同时by the way 顺便提及on the whole总的说来in the sun 在阳光下in the future 未来in the distance在远处on the air 在广播in the air 在空中on the other hand另一方面on the one hand一方面to the point 切题on the right 在右边on the contrary 相反on the air 广播out of the question不可能play the fool 做傻事the other day前

25、几天7 take the consequences 自食其果take the place of代替tell the truth 说真话in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早晨 /下午/晚上unit 17 知识点一：重点词语1. burst out laughing 突然大笑2. fool around 胡闹，瞎弄3. after all 毕竟，终究4. cash a cheque兑现支票5. withdraw money from a bank 从银行中提款6. wait ones turn 排队等候7. overlook one s opinion 忽略的意见

26、8. push one s way挤出一条路9. yell out 朝大脚10. a series of一系列；一连串11. feel down 情绪低落12. busy oneself doing使自己忙于13. be involved in 与有关，涉及14. in for a surprise大吃一惊15. set sail (for)出航；起程16. earn a scholarship获得奖学金17. put on 假装；穿上；增加18. make out 理解；辨别出19. dress up盛装；打扮20. in the presence of当着的面21. make up编造；弥

27、补22. make an attempt to do 试图；努力8 知识点二：核心单词1. amuse vt. 逗乐，使（某人）笑用法： amuse 用作及物动词，常接sb/oneself 作宾语。he thought of various activities to amuse the baby till bedtime. 他想出各种活动来逗宝宝开心直到上床睡觉。parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while. 公园为人们提供自我娱乐的场所，使人们

28、从繁忙的工作中解脱出来轻松一下。2. withdraw vt.提取，收回，撤销vi. 退出，撤退（常与from 搭配）搭配：（1）withdraw a remark 收回一句话（2）withdraw money from the bank从银行取款注意： withdraw 的过去式、过去分词分别是withdrew, withdrawn 3. delay n. 延迟，推延（不可数） ；迟延的时间（可数）v.延迟，推延搭配：（1）without delay 迅速，马上，毫不延迟地（2）delay a trip 把旅行推迟注意： delay 作动词时后跟名词、代词和动名词做宾语，不能跟动词不定式。4

29、. forbid v. （forbade / forbad, forbidden ）禁止，不许；阻止，妨碍；不让（某人）进入（或使用等）搭配：（1）forbid sb. sth. 不让某人（干）某事（2）forbid (doing) sth. 禁止（做）某事，妨碍（做）某事（3）forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事5. convince vt. 使相信，使信服搭配：（1）convince sb. of sth 让某人相信某事（2）convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事（3）convince sb. that. 使某人相信提示： 当 sb 做主语时，一

30、般用相对应的被动：（1）be convinced of sth. 确信，坚信（2）be convinced to do sth. 被说服做某事（3）be convinced that. 确信，坚信联想： remind 也有相同用法。6. overlook vt. 忽视用法：overlook 指“由于粗心、草率、放任而没看出或采取行动”，既指有意识地遗漏，也可以指无意识地忽略。he overlooked my errors. 他忽略了我的错误。比较：ignore 也有“不理睬，忽视”之意，但只指有意识地拒绝、故意不予理会或“故意这样做”的意思。she saw him coming up but

31、she ignored him. 她看见他走过来，但是装作没看见。7. board vi. & vt. 登（飞机、车、船等）wed better board the ship now. 我们最好现在上船。what time does my flight board? 我们是什么时候登机？23. regardless of不管，不顾24. no wonder 难怪25. result in 造成，导致引起26. from time to time 不时地27. devote. to.把奉献给28. boarding school寄宿学校29. get rid of 摆脱，处理掉30. p

32、lay around四处玩耍9 拓展： board 也可以用作名词，多用在on board 这个短语中，表示“登上”。on board 后面可以跟表示交通工具的名词，也可以不跟。he ran until he was on board a city bus. 他一路跑，直到他坐上一辆公共汽车。there were about eighty passengers on board ( the plane). 飞机上一共有约八十名乘客。aboard adv. & prep. 在（飞机、车、船等）上they went aboard (adv.). 他们上了船（火车或者飞机）。all aboa

33、rd (adv.) ! 上船（火车或飞机）he was already aboard the plane. (prep.) 他已上飞机了。因此：to go on board = to go aboard = to board a ship (plane/ train) 登上（飞机、车、船等）8. acknowledge v. 认可，承认说明：acknowledge 后面可以接名词，v. -ing，复合结构和从句。（1）he acknowledged his faults. 他承认了他的错误。（2）they acknowledge having been defeated. 他们承认已被打败。（

34、3）we acknowledge him as a genius.我们承认他是个天才。（4）they acknowledged him to be their master. 他们一致承认他是他们的主人。（5）he refused to acknowledge (to us) that he was defeated. 他拒绝（向我们）承认他被击败。9. resist v. 抵制，抵抗i can t resist the temptation of video games. 我很难抵御电子游戏的诱惑。搭配：（1）resist (doing) sth. 抵制，抵抗，反抗（干）某事（2）can t

35、 resist (doing) sth. 无法抗拒，无法抵挡；忍不住（做）某事 拓展：resistance n.抵制，抵抗10. compensate v. 补偿，赔偿，报偿she was compensated by the insurance company for her injuries. 她受伤后获得保险公司的赔偿。搭配：compensate (sb.) for sth. 补偿（某人）某事知识点三：重要词组1. have sth. left剩下某物说明：left 是 leave 的过去分词，常用作后置定语，表示“剩下的”。ive got two tickets left for to

36、night s film.今晚得电影票我有多余的两张。is there any water left in the bottle? 瓶子里还有水吗？注意： remaining 也可以表示“剩余的” ，但它则只能作前置定语。with the remaining five dollars, she bought a pair of shoes for her daughter. 她用剩下的5 美元给她女儿买了一双鞋子。2. result in 引起，导致，造成（后接结果）bad living habits will result in (=cause) diseases. 不良的生活习惯会造成疾病

37、。联想： 表示“引起，导致”的短语（1） the traffic accident resulted in great loss.这起交通事故造成重大损失。（2） science have brought about many changes in our lives. 科学为我们生活带来了很多变化。（3） such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences. 这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。（4） her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours. 她失踪一事引起了各种

38、流言蜚语。比较：result from 表示“由于而引起（后接原因）” ，有时 result in 与 result from 的主语与宾语可能正好交换：many illnesses result from lack of exercise. = lack of exercise results in many illnesses. 10 3. put on 假装，装出，穿上，上演，增加4. busy oneself (in / with) doing sth （使）忙着做某事提示： 此处 busy 是 vt. ，意为“使忙于（= keep. busy） ” ，用 sb.做宾语。联想：busy

39、 的常用短语还有：（1）busy oneself about (with, at, over) sth. 忙着做某事（2）be busy with (about, at, over) sth. 忙于做某事（3）be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事例句：（1）为了把烦恼忘却，他让自己忙于写小说。to forget his trouble, he busied himself about writing novels. （2）我忙着准备即将到来的考试。i busy myself preparing for the coming exam. 5. wait one s turn耐心等候轮

40、到自己（1）不要插队。你得像其他人一样，等候轮到自己。dont jump the queue. you have to wait your turn like everyone else. （2）他排在别人后面，等候轮到他买。he lined up behind the others to wait his turn. 6. get rid of摆脱，除去，免除he can t get rid of the cold. 他感冒老不好。we should try out best to get rid of our bad habits.我们应该尽力改掉坏习惯。联想：do away with 除

41、去，废除7. run into撞上；偶然遇见，碰到（某人） ；遇到（困难等）（1）the bus went out of control and ran into a line of people. （2）be careful not to run into debt. （3）i ran into an old friend of min in the street. 联想： run 的短语（1）run after 追捕，跟踪，追求（2）run for 竞选（3）run out 被用完，被耗尽8. be seated就座，坐下联想： 含 seat 的短语（1）take a seat 坐下（2）

42、take ones seat就座； （当选为议员后）就职（3）seat oneself (=be seated)坐下9. believe in信任；信仰（真理、宗教、原则等） ；相信（的人格、价值、存在）believe in god / marxism 信仰上帝 /马克思主义i believe in keeping early hours. 我认为早睡早起好。辨析：believe, believe in & trust believe sb.相信某人的话，believe in sb. = trust sb. 相信某人的品德、为人、能力等。i always believe in you.

43、 however, i don t believe you this time. 我一向信得过你，可这回你说的话我不相信。10. do sb. good 对某人有益（ = do good to sb. ）the book has done me a lot of good. 这本书给我很大帮助。11 联想：（1） be good for 对有好处（2） do sb. harm (= do harm to sb.) 对某人有害拓展：its no good doing sth.干某事是没有用处的。it s no good arguing with him. 跟他争吵没有用。知识点四：佳句背诵1.

44、have you ever had trouble trying to spell a word? 你有没有拼不出单词的时候？句型：have trouble / difficulty (in) doing . 做有困难2. one afternoon, hundreds of unlucky passengers who had been expecting to board a flight to new york were told it had been cancelled. 一天下午，几百名运气不佳的乘客被告知，他们等候多时预定飞往纽约的航班被取消了。句型：had been expec

45、ting (to do) 一直在等着（做某事）3. one unfortunate counter agent was dealing with all the passengers when an angry man, who had been queuing for some time, pushed his way to the front.一名倒霉的柜台工作人员正在忙着应付这些乘客，突然一个在队伍中等候多时，怒气冲冲的男子挤上前来。句型：was doing . when.正在做这时（突然）4. he cannot hide his feelings, except when the w

46、aiters ask if everything is all right.他无法掩饰自己的感受，除了当服务员问他是否一切都好时。句型： except when .除了当时unit 18 知识点一：重点词语1.used to do sth过去常常做2.be keen on喜爱，渴望3.in preparation for 做好的准备4.be bored to death 厌烦得要死5.die at 灭绝6.in addition 此外7.in the age of在看来8.hang on a second等一下9.achieve a body shape达到的体形10. inner beaut

47、y 内在美11. reply on 依赖12. physical beauty体形美13. in vain徒劳地14. in charge of 主管，负责15. in person亲自16. follow slimming diets 坚持节制的饮食17. fall in love with 爱上18. with the influence of 在的影响下19. to be honest 老实说20. end the conversation 结束谈话知识点二：核心单词11. adapt v.使适应 =adjust使适合；改编拓展： adapt 的变形（1）adaptable adj.有适

48、用能力的；能适应的12 （2）adaptation n.改编本，改写本；适应12. consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的说明： consistent 表示 “ 一致的 ” 意思时，常与 with连用。拓展： consistency n.一致，协调13. consider v. 认为，把 看作；考虑搭配：(1)consider. (as/ to be) + n.认为，把 看作(2)consider. (to be) + adj.认为，把 看作(3)consider (doing ) sth. 考虑（干）某事(4)consider + 疑问词+ to do 考虑(5)consider

49、 it + 形容词+ to do sth. 认为做某事是拓展： consider 的变形(1)considerable adj. 相当多的，相当大的(2)considerate adj.考虑周到的，体贴的(3)consideration n.考虑14. accompany v.陪伴，伴随；伴随发生；伴奏拓展： company n.陪伴搭配：(1)accompany sb. to 陪某人到 (2)accompany sb. on sth.同某人一起于(3)keep sb. company 陪伴某人15. deliver v递送；发表，表达；接生拓展： delivery n. 投递，递送he de

50、livered a speech to the crowd. a postman is a man employed to deliver letters. the doctor delivered mrs jones of twins. 16. recommend vt. 推荐，介绍，建议，托付用法：recommend 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用“ （should）+动词原形 ” 。i recommend everyone (should) buy a dictionary. 我提议每人买一本词典。搭配：（1）recommend sb. sth. = recommend sth. to sb 向某人推荐某