RO反渗透系统技术培训ppt课件

1、反浸透反浸透RO 培训培训2021年年3月月北京碧化科技北京碧化科技简介：膜简介：膜/反浸透反浸透 及其运用及其运用An INTRODUCTION TOMEMEBRANE / REVERSE OSMOSIS & ITS BEST PRACTICE交叉流交叉流/膜过滤方法膜过滤方法Cross Flow Filtration Methods微过滤微过滤Microfiltration超滤超滤Ultrafiltration超微过滤超微过滤 Nanofiltration反浸透反浸透Reverse Osmosis范围范围宏分子宏分子Macro molecular分子分子Molecular次分子次分

2、子Sub molecular离子离子Ionic颗粒大小颗粒大小Particle size1.0 - 0.1 mm0.1 - 0.01 mm0.01 - 0.001 mm100,00010,000 - 100,000200 - 20,000300操作压操作压OperatingPressure10 psig10 - 100 psig200 -250 psig200 - 800 psigPretreatmentNeeds预处置需求预处置需求LowMediumHighHigh投资本钱投资本钱Capital CostLowMediumHighHigh 膜构造膜构造 Membrane Configurat

3、ions 螺旋口 Spiral Wound 中空纤维 Hollow Fiber 管状 Tubular膜系统膜系统 Membrane System反浸透反浸透 Reverse OsmosisP1WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2OWaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2OP2术语表术语表 Glossary of Terms Concentrate or reject 浓缩 或 损失/ 未渗 透Permeate or product 浸透 或 产物Percent recovery 回收率Percent salt rejection 盐损率 / 抗盐率两步骤两步骤

4、RO系统系统 Two-Stage RO System 膜对比膜对比 Membrane Comparisons醋酸纤维素醋酸纤维素Cellulose acetate薄膜合成薄膜合成Thin film compositePH范围范围Typical pH range5.0-6.52.0-11.0平均未浸透率平均未浸透率Average % rejection95%99%微生物病体微生物病体 Microbio susceptibilityYesNo温度限制温度限制Temperature limit35C45 C氯接受力氯接受力Chlorine tolerance ExcellentPoor操作压操作压T

5、ypical operatingpressure400 psig200 psig离子经过离子经过 Typical Passage of IonsRO的优势的优势What Are the Advantages of RO ?去除非离子杂质和溶解的固体如：有机物，无水硅酸，细菌Removes nonionic impurities and dissolved solids (i.e. organics, silica, bacteria)减少了危险的化学品存储和与离子交换相关的操Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associa

6、ted with ion exchange减少了离子交换系统的装载 Reduces loading on ion exchange systems:延伸运转周期 Extends run lengths延伸树脂寿命 Extends resin life降低操作本钱 Reduces operating costsRO的优势的优势What Are the Disadvantages of RO?25%的进水未被浸透 25% of feed stream is rejected浸透的5%TDS 对HP锅炉缺乏 5% TDS in permeate inadequate for HP boilers最终

7、过滤器易被堵塞 Ultimate filter which is easily fouled : - 提高操作本钱 Increasing operating costs- 降低树脂寿命 Reducing membrane life操作本钱细分操作本钱细分 Typical Operating Cost Breakdown膜改换费膜改换费MembraneReplacement 31%化学药品费用化学药品费用Chemicals17% 人工费人工费Labor 15%过滤器改换费过滤器改换费Filter Replacement3%其它其它7%电费电费27%反浸透膜的问题反浸透膜的问题 RO Membra

8、ne ProblemsFouling 污垢 微生物，残渣/泥沙，脏物，有机物，金属氧化物Microbio, silt, crud, organics, metal oxidesScaling 水锈天然盐 Mineral salts无水硅酸 Silica水解和降解 Hydrolysis or DegradationpH, Temperature, oxidants, biodegradation离子污垢离子污垢 Iron Fouling膜退化膜退化/降解降解 Membrane Degradation 膜问题呵斥的结果膜问题呵斥的结果 Results of Membrane Problems水质降

9、低 Reduced water quality运转周期缩短 Shorter run lengths提早改换膜 Premature membrane replacement运转本钱提高 Higher operating costs 厂商要求厂商要求 Typical Manufacturers Requirements CA MEMBRANES 微生物生长率微生物生长率Microbio growth present pH levels 5.0 - 6.5 温度温度 Temperatures 35 oC Exposed to direct sunlight TFC MEMBRANES 进水中的氧化剂

10、进水中的氧化剂Oxidants in feedwater (i.e. Cl2, Ozone) 进水中的游离氯进水中的游离氯 0.01 ppm Free chlorine in feedwater 温度温度 Temperatures 0 in reject防水锈剂Up to LSI index = +2.3CaSO4Ca2+SO42-1000 ppm in reject防水锈剂3x 溶解度Up to 3x solubility limitBaSO4Ba2+0.2 ppm in feed防水锈剂Up to 11x solubility limitFe Fe2+ 0.1 ppm in feed防水锈

11、剂Up to 5x solubility limit无水硅酸SilicaSiO2120 ppm in reject防水锈剂Up to 250 ppm in reject微生物Microbio进水中细菌棒量Bacteria level104 CFU/cm2 in feed生物杀灭剂 BiocideUp to 106 CFU/cm2RO系统控制系统控制 RO System Monitoring预处置控制 Pretreatment monitoring残渣密度SDI，混浊，pH，氧化剂 Silt Density (SDI), Turbidity, pH, oxidants温度、压力、TDSTempe

12、rature, pressure, TDS污垢物质细菌、金属、硬度、无水硅酸 Foulants (bacteria, metals, hardness, silica)运转控制 Performance monitoring抗盐率/盐损率 Percent salt rejection正常化浸透流速 Normalized permeate flowrate压差 Differential pressure进水流速 Feedwater flowrateReject Flow Rate,Conductivity ORP* 当进水中离子程度当进水中离子程度0.5ppm时引荐第二进水点时引荐第二进水点 Se

13、condary feed points are recommended when iron levels 0.5 ppm in feed处理处理RO系统缺点系统缺点Troubleshooting an RO System检查预处置控制系统 Check pretreatment monitoring system检查仪表，校正 Check instrument calibration for accuracy隔离RO问题部分 Isolate the location of problem RO elements寻觅性能失误的能够缘由Investigate possible causes of p

14、erformance loss控制运转，保证问题处理 Monitor performance to assure problem is fixed可采用的效力或工具可采用的效力或工具Services & Tools Available降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能显示目录,人工和清洁费用效力效力/工具工具特点特点 FEATURES带给客户的价值带给客户的价值 VALUE TO CUSTOMER颗粒控制器Particle Monitor 识别固体悬浮物 相对SDI更易运用 降低膜改换费用ORP 优化亚硫酸盐的运用 查探浸透水中的消毒杀菌剂

15、降低化学物处置费用 降低IE树脂改换费用水分析水分析 Water Analysis 识别潜在污垢物质 (Fe, Ba, Ca, bio, 有机物质) 降低膜改换费用Sacrificial Membrane 识别水锈物和污垢物 运用低本钱膜 降低膜改换费用RO Test Skid 评价 chemical programs 进展pilot trials 降低化学物处置费用 降低/防止资产本钱 capital costs咨询咨询/检测检测Consulting/Inspections 确认问题原因 识查新时机 降低运转本钱 提高消费力,缩短停工期膜分析膜分析 Membrane Autopsy 识别水锈

16、物和污垢物(Fe, Ba, Ca, bio, 有机物质) 降低膜改换费用污染位置和影响污染位置和影响 Fouling Location & Impact 位置位置 Location of Fouling in RO plants Fouling Where does it occur first Scaling/silica Last membranes in last stage Metal oxides First membranes of first stage Colloids First membranes of first stage Organic First membr

17、anes of first stage Biofouling (rapid) First membranes of first stage (slow) Throughout the whole installation 根据对运转的影响识别污染根据对运转的影响识别污染 Identifying fouling by impact on performance Fouling Normalized Flux Pressure Drop Salt Passage Where Scaling End Metal oxides Front Colloids/silica Front/End Organ

18、ic Front Biofouling Front 运用运转变量运用运转变量 Using the Performance Variables清洁RO系统的时间：Time to clean the RO system when:降低10-15%的正常化后浸透水的流速运转的前200个小时后10-15% decrease in normalized permeate flowrate (after first 200 hours of operation), or降低1-2%的抗盐率 1-2% decrease in percent salt rejection, or提高10-15%的压差 10-

19、15% increase in differential pressureLLPP清洗罐Cleaning Tank加热器加热器HeaterP压力容器2:1Pressure Vessels浸透水浸透水Permeate浓盐水浓盐水 Concentrate Brine进水Feed筒式过滤器筒式过滤器Cartridge Filter(5 or 10 micron)再流通再流通Recirculation 采样采样 Sample最正确膜清洁作法最正确膜清洁作法Membrane Cleaning Best Practice 一步一步 Stage by Stage 正确的化学品运用方案 Right Chemi

20、cal Program 充足的流速 Sufficient Flow Rate 清洁时间 Cleaning Duration 重开场运转时的问题 Problems when back to the service.维护维护RO的益处的益处Benefits of Maintaining an RO 降低运转本钱 Reduced operating costs降低维护费用 Reduced maintenance costs缩短停工期 Reduced downtime延伸膜寿命 Extended membrane life提高水质和产量 Improved water quality and outpu

21、t设计设计RO系统系统 Designing a RO System我需求多少浸透水产量How much permeate production do I need我需求怎样的水质What water quality do I need能否对浓水有任何需求Is there any use for the concentrate监测控制装Monitoring and control packages我需求多少trainHow many trains do I need进水温度,变化,热回收如何What is the feedwater temperature, variation, heat re

22、covery进水质量如何What is the feedwater quality预处置 Pretreatment过滤 Filtration重力/压力Gravity/pressure多媒/绿砂Multimedia/Greensand滤筒类型和尺寸Cartridge type and size微生物 MicrobiopH值控制 pH control化学品运用 Chemical applications分析器/自动操作Analyzers/automationORP/氯监控 ORP/chlorine monitors膜处置方案膜处置方案Membrane Treatment Program传统工业用水

23、的管理传统工业用水的管理 Conventional Industrial Water ManagementSurfaceWater进水处置进水处置 Feed Water Treatment锅炉锅炉 Boiler廓清器廓清器Clarifier冷却塔冷却塔 Cooling TowersProcessDischarge废水处置工厂废水处置工厂Wastewater Treatment Plant膜性能膜性能 Membrane Performance21st 世纪工业用水系统世纪工业用水系统 Industrial Water SystemsCustomer Needs 客户需求降低运转总本钱自动操作的可靠性提高运转效果DischargeSurfaceWaterBoiler冷却塔冷却塔 Cooling TowersProcessWastewater Treatment- Nalmet- Prop. ChemicalsCleaners-Coagulant-Flocculant-Cleaners-Antiscalant-Cleaners-Biocid