选修UnitReadingCloningWhereisitleadingusPPT学习教案

1、会计学1They are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.第1页/共82页The new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.第2页/共82页一株草莓依靠它沿地一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐茎的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。第3页/共82页富贵竹插枝即活富贵竹插枝即活The gardener should cut the plant, then the cutting prod

2、uce another new plant.第4页/共82页第5页/共82页第6页/共82页2002年年5月月中旬成功地中旬成功地繁殖了一只繁殖了一只胚胎细胞胚胎细胞克隆兔。克隆兔。第7页/共82页第8页/共82页2002年年4月月16日日美国第一头克美国第一头克隆牛隆牛“艾米艾米”产下牛犊。产下牛犊。第9页/共82页第10页/共82页Pre-reading 第11页/共82页A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant a

3、nd is exactly the same as it.第12页/共82页2. How is a clone produced？1)The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It can be done by taking cuttings (man-made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). 2)The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achiev

4、ed until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.第13页/共82页第14页/共82页？Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile people have babies.第15页/共82页 People may want to clone themselves so th

5、ey can live forever. People may want to clone dead children. People may want to clone their favourite pets.第16页/共82页1. What is the main topic? _ A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It will lead us to some places.2. What is the writing style? _ A. Expositive (说明性的说明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentati

6、ve (议论性的议论性的).A A 第17页/共82页Learning tips: The passage is written in the expositive style. That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.第18页/共82页B 第19页/共82页C 第20

7、页/共82页D 第21页/共82页A 第22页/共82页A 第23页/共82页B 第24页/共82页9. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6

8、C. 9 D. 12C D 第25页/共82页D 第26页/共82页12. Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text? _A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves.B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C. There are moral objections t

9、o cloning human beings.D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.D 第27页/共82页13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the

10、 whole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists. D. there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.D 第28页/共82页Careful reading The main idea of each paragraph.1. Cloning is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses.3. The _ of Dolly.4. The

11、 _ of clonging in society.5. The _towards cloning.a way of making an exact copy of another animal and blemstwo majoreffectattitudes第29页/共82页It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _ and _.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clonePara 1: The definition of cloning第

12、30页/共82页1. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research2. How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep?3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?3Para 2: The major uses and procedures of cloning1996第31页/共82页About Dolly the sheepEncouraging news

13、: Dolly developed _. Disturbing news:normally Dolly lived for six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original one. Para 3: The problems of Dolly第32页/共82页Para 4: The impact of DollyB 第33页/共82页Para 5: Peoples reaction to cloningMany governments forbade research into human beings.T T

14、F 第34页/共82页第35页/共82页意大利狂人医生意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里安蒂诺里冒死也要克隆人的冒死也要克隆人的科学家科学家:布瓦瑟利耶布瓦瑟利耶第36页/共82页Comprehending 1. What are the two major uses of cloning? The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals.第37页/共82页2. Wh

15、y is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones? Cloning plants is straightforward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.第38页/共82页3. What was the first clone from an adult animal? At what age did this clone die? 4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries? The first

16、 clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.第39页/共82页Problems or dangers of cloningAdvantages of cloningAnimals may develop the illnesses of older animals.2 Fill in the chart.M

17、edical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans. 第40页/共82页Animal clones may die younger than the donor animalsEvil leader may want to clone themselves.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.Cloning plants ca

18、n be useful for research on new plant species.Cloning can help save endangered animals.第41页/共82页 I think the writer is _ because_ _ impartialhe/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning. 第42页/共82页第43页/共82页As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used

19、in a correct way it can bring many conveniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commercial quantities of plants. On the other hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much trouble: such as moral questions.第44页/共82页Practice activity: Debate Are you i

20、n favor of cloning or against cloning? What is your point of view on it?第45页/共82页1. This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是两个时间状语从句。是两个时间状语从句。when 引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与引导的时

21、间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. (03, 全国全国)A. unless B. since C. although D. whenD 第46页/共82页2) happen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地偶然地)发生发生; 出现出现 happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件事件; 偶然发生的事偶然发生的

22、事 (常用复数常用复数)辨析辨析: happen, occur, take place与与come about四词都有四词都有“发生发生”之意之意, 但有区别。但有区别。happen 是一般用语是一般用语, 词义较广词义较广, 强调事情强调事情 发生的偶然性发生的偶然性;occur 用法较正式用法较正式, 既可以指自然发生既可以指自然发生, 也也 可以指有意安排。可以指有意安排。碰碰巧巧(某人某人)发生什么事了发生什么事了碰巧碰巧第47页/共82页occurtake placecome abouthappenUse the above words to fill in the blanks.t

23、ake place 一般指有计划一般指有计划, 按事先安排的按事先安排的 进行的含义。进行的含义。come about 往往注重事情发生的原因往往注重事情发生的原因, 常常 与与how 连用。连用。以上四组词均为不及物动词以上四组词均为不及物动词, 无被动语态。无被动语态。第48页/共82页identity n c/u 身份,本身,本体 1)The police are trying to discover the of the killer. 2) a false identity/ID card 3) She went through an identity crsis in her te

24、ens. 自我认同的危机 c 相同,一致,统一性 (with) 1)an identity of interests 2) Fans have a close identity with their team. identify vt 确认,鉴定(身份,性质) 1)The police identified the body as a suspected drug dealer. 2)He refused to identified himself. 3)Please identify your own suitcase before it was put on the plane.ident

25、ificationidentical第49页/共82页identify with sb(和某人有一样的情感) 和某人产生 共鸣;同情,谅解 1)I like the book because I could identify with some of the characters.identify sb with sth =consider sb to be. The public identify him with the tough guy.identify sth with sth=consider sth to be. You should not identify happiness

26、 with wealthidentify sb/sth as.=show sb to be Sometimes the clothes people wear identify them as what class of persons.be identified with identify yourself with同情,支持第50页/共82页2.Cloning plants is straightforward. straightforward adj. 简单的简单的, 易懂的，易懂的， 坦诚的坦诚的, 坦率的坦率的straightforwardly adv. 率直地率直地, 坦诚地坦诚地

27、straightforwardness n. 率直率直1)Jack is rough, but always straightforward. 2)Installing the program is relatively straightforward.3)She admired his straightforwardness.第51页/共82页3. It is a difficult task to undertake.undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手做着手做, 从事从事, 进行进行; 担任担任, 承担承担, 答应答应, 同意。同意。The p

28、rocedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 当然当然, 这个过程很难实施。这个过程很难实施。The scientist undertakes the experiment.科学家从事这项实验。科学家从事这项实验。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。我愿意承担这些变革的责任。第52页/共82页完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1) The lawyer _ a new case. 那个律师接了一个新的案子。那个律师接了一个新的案子。2) He will _ _

29、_ next month (去旅行去旅行).3) He _ _ _ _. (承担一项新任务承担一项新任务)undertookundertook a new taskundertake a journey第53页/共82页4. pay off (事业、计划等事业、计划等) 成功成功; 付清薪水并付清薪水并 解雇解雇; 偿还偿还(债务等债务等)。 At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off 最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报 He paid off the crew of the sh

30、ip. 他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。 In the end he paid off all his debts. 最终他还清了所有的债务。最终他还清了所有的债务。 pay back 报答报答; 报复报复第54页/共82页offtobackoff第55页/共82页1) contain v. 包含包含, 含有含有2) needed to produce a new sheep 为过去分词为过去分词 短语作后置定语短语作后置定语, 修饰其前面的名词修饰其前面的名词 genes, 构成动宾搭配关系。构成动宾搭配关系。5. The nucleus of this

31、cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的 必需的基因。必需的基因。第56页/共82页containscontainsincluding第57页/共82页1) using electricity 为现在分词短语作方式状语。为现在分词短语作方式状语。2) 联手联手, 携手携手 参加活动参加活动 和某人一起做事和某人一起做事 参军参军, 连起来连起来join handsjoin in sth. / doing sth join sb. in sth

32、.join up第58页/共82页)辨析辨析: take part in, join, join in 与与 attend第59页/共82页7. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看来是在正常地成长着多莉看来是在正常地成长着, 这很令人鼓舞。这很令人鼓舞。“that she seemed to develop normally”是同位语是同位语从句。从句。为了保持句子的平衡为了保持句子的平衡, 同位语从句还可以放在动同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。词的后面。如如: Soon word cam

33、e that we won. 第60页/共82页8. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。本句中本句中, 副词副词then放于句首放于句首, 主语是名词主语是名词“news”, “that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位语是同位语从句从句, 句子用了倒装语序。句子用了倒装语序。In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English

34、towns. (05, 辽宁辽宁)A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes standB 第61页/共82页 disturbing adj. The news from the front is very disturbing. 来自前线的消息令人极为不安。来自前线的消息令人极为不安。 disturb vt. 扰乱扰乱, 使不安使不安, 弄乱弄乱; disturbed adj. 被扰乱的被扰乱的, 感到不安的；感到不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。令人不安的。 第62页/共82页

35、用用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。填空。1) Im very _ about Alice.2) Dont _ the papers on my desk.3) This country is in a _ state.4) What _ news it is!5) A light wind _ the surface of the water. disturbeddisturbdisturbingdisturbingdisturbed第63页/共82页9.Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dolly

36、s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科学家克隆科学家沮丧地沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易发生在发现多莉的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上年老的羊身上(按理是不应当发生在按理是不应当发生在Dolly身上的身上的)cast down 使沮丧使沮丧; 毁掉毁掉 (常用于被动语态或常用于被动语态或作表语作表语)不要这么沮丧不要这么沮丧, 打起精神来！打起精神来！Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits.cast away 丢弃丢弃 cast off 放弃放弃; 丢弃丢弃cast o

37、ut 赶走赶走第64页/共82页1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。听到这个消息他很沮丧。 _2) 发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。 _He was cast down to hear the news.Finding out the truth made him cast down.将下列句子译成英语。将下列句子译成英语。第65页/共82页10. altogether 和和 all together 及及 together1) altogether adv. 总共总共, 完全地完全地, 总之总之, 总而言之总而言之You owe me 68 RMB altogether. You

38、r work is altogether perfect.2) all together 全部全部在同一地方或同一时间在同一地方或同一时间Can you put your books all together in this box?3) together adv. 在一起在一起, 共同地共同地All his trouble seemed to come together.Hes bad-tempered, selfish and _ an unpopular man.A. therefore B. altogether C. otherwise D. anyhowB 第66页/共82页11.

39、 On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面另一方面, 多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对，激发多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对，激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。 object v. & objection n. 反对反对, 不赞成不赞成I feel a strong objection to getting up early.我极不愿意早起。我极不愿意早起。

40、Have you any objection to my opening the window?你反对我打开窗子吗你反对我打开窗子吗?第67页/共82页object vi.We object to being treated like this. 我们抗议这种待遇。我们抗议这种待遇。I object to the plan. 我反对这项计划。我反对这项计划。object vt.I object that he is too young to take that position. 我提出反对意见我提出反对意见: 他太年轻不适合那个职位。他太年轻不适合那个职位。object to (doing

41、) sth.object + that 从句从句objection 是名词是名词, 常与常与have, take, feel 等连用等连用have / take / feel objection to (doing )sth.第68页/共82页即时练习即时练习: 句型转换句型转换(1) Have you any objection to my opening the window? = Would you _ _ my opening the window?(2) take objection to smoking. = I _ _ smoking.(3) “But he is too you

42、ng,” she argued. = She _ that he was too young.object toobject toobjected第69页/共82页12. It suddenly opened everyones eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness, and even to produce human beings. 突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病, 甚至克隆出人的可能性。甚至克隆出人的可能性。第70页/共82页At the beginni

43、ng of class, could be heard outside the classroom. (07, 全国全国II)A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and close C 解析解析 答案答案C。题意为。题意为: 开始上课时开始上课时, 开关课桌的声音开关课桌的声音在教室外都能够听到。在教室外都能够听到。第71页/共82页13. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cl

44、oning research are difficult to obtain, newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain their ambitions.attain vt. 获得获得(尤其指经过努力尤其指经过努力); 达到达到(年龄年龄, 水平水平, 状况等状况等) He attianed success through hard work. He attained the age of 25 before graduating. 第72页/共82页第73页/共82页14. Government

45、s became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府开始感到不安政府开始感到不安, 有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。forbid vt. (forbade; forbidden)禁止禁止, 不许不许, 妨碍妨碍, 阻止阻止 Smoking should be forbidden in public places.公共场所应禁止吸烟。公共场所应禁止吸烟。Her father forbid her to go out alone.她父亲不许她单独外出。她父亲不许她单独外出。I forbid yo

46、u (from)entering my study.我不许你进入我的书房。我不许你进入我的书房。第74页/共82页forbid sb. to do / forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事forbid sth. 禁止某事禁止某事与与forbid 结构相同的词有：结构相同的词有：permit sb to do / permit doing sth 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事/允许做某事；允许做某事；allow sb. to do / allow doing sth允许某人做某事允许某人做某事/允许做某事；允许做某事；advise sb. to do

47、 / advise doing sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事/建议做某事建议做某事第75页/共82页1) The school _ _ _ _ _ (禁止学生吸烟禁止学生吸烟).2) He is forbidden to _ _ _ (进入这个房间进入这个房间).3) There are laws in some countries which forbid advertisements _ at inappropriate times and places.A. being shown B. shown C. show D. to have shown4) At the conference he was forbidden _ the subject again.A. mentioning B. to mention