强化精讲之阅读理解PPT课件

1、英语讲师-Jennifer强化精讲之阅读理解 明确阅读理解考察重点与题型分类 学会识别细节题、掌握做细节题的解题技巧课程目标:一、阅读理解考情分析二、阅读理解解题步骤三、阅读理解六大题型之细节题目录考情分析阅读理解解题步骤 - “三步法”六大题型 题型特点 题量及分值作答时间细节题情感态度题例证题推断题词义句意题主旨题考察能力考察本质考情分析阅读理解解题步骤 - “三步法”六大题型 题型特点 题量及分值作答时间细节题情感态度题例证题推断题词义句意题主旨题考察能力考察本质 阅读理解 （一）考情分析：（一）考情分析：（深度阅读深度阅读 Part A Part A：4 4篇篇TEXTTEXT ）1.

2、 题型特点题型特点： 1）文章类型）文章类型/来源来源：英美国家的报刊杂志节选，学术性议论文为主 The Economist经济学人、Nature自然、Scientific American科学美国人、BusinessWeek商业周刊、Newsweek新闻周刊、Time时代周刊、The New York Times纽约时报、The Guardian卫报 2）文章长度：）文章长度：400-500w/篇 总篇幅:1600单词 3）考试难度：）考试难度：英语一2. 题量及分值题量及分值: 4*5*2=403. 作答时间作答时间 ：15-20分钟/篇4.4.考察能力：考察能力：考生应能读懂选自各类书籍

3、和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所选材料，考生应能：1)理解主旨主旨要义; 2)理解文中的具体信息具体信息;3)理解文中的概念性含义概念性含义; 4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申判断、推理和引申;5)根据上下文推测生词生词的词义;6)理解文章的总体结构结构以及上下文之间的关系;7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度意图、观点或态度; 8)区分论点和依据论点和依据。5.5.考察本质：考察本质：(1)基本功（词汇、语法） (2)阅读技巧、方法（先题后文，题文同序，同义替换）6.6.题型分类：题型分类：六大题型

4、：细节题，推理题，词义题，态度题，例证题和主旨题这六大类。（细节题和推理题为主）考情分析阅读理解解题步骤 - “三步法”六大题型 题型特点 题量及分值作答时间细节题情感态度题例证题推断题词义句意题主旨题考察能力考察本质 阅读理解（二）解题步骤：（二）解题步骤：“三步法三步法”划关键词 （先题后文） 回文定位 排除干扰项考情分析阅读理解解题步骤 - “三步法”题型分类 题型特点 题量及分值作答时间细节题情感态度题例证题推断题词义句意题主旨题考察能力考察本质（三）三）六大题型之细节题六大题型之细节题1.识别题型题干中出现了明确关键的信息，该信息都是该篇文章独有的，在文章中某一段某一句专门讲述。明确

5、、关键、独有明确、关键、独有（三）三）六大题型之细节题六大题型之细节题1.识别题型明确、关键、独有明确、关键、独有Excercise:划出关键信息划出关键信息【2012. T1】According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may .【2013. T1】According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_.【2018. T3】According to the author, competition law _.（三）三）六大题型之细

6、节题六大题型之细节题1.识别题型明确、关键、独有明确、关键、独有Excercise:划出关键信息划出关键信息【2012. T1】According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may .【2013. T1】According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_.【2018. T3】According to the author, competition law _.2.解题方式 注： 先题后文 自然段定位，锁定题目的范围。(定位到段落)

7、 题文同序21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_.22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to_.24. It can be inferred from the las

8、t paragraph that outside directors_.25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.2011年Text 1识别细节题 划出关键词？21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_.22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.23. According to the researchers from Oh

9、io University, after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to_.24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_.25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.2011年Text 1识别细节题 划出关键词？ Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside

10、 director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have le

11、t those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputa

12、tions elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.2011年Text 121According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was cr

13、iticized for_.A gaining excessive profitsB failing to fulfill her dutyC refusing to make compromisesD leaving the board in tough times 22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.A generous investorsB unbiased executivesC share price forecastersD independent advisers The

14、 researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10, 000 firms and more than 64, 000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the r

15、esearchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability (that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings) increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action laws

16、uit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they

17、“trade up”, leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.2011年Text 12011年Text 1 But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were o

18、n the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.23. According to the researchers from Ohio Universi

19、ty, after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to_.A become more stableB report increased earningsC do less well in the stock marketD perform worse in lawsuits24It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_.A may stay for the attractive offers from the fir

20、mB have often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD will decline incentives from the firm 25The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.A permissive B positive C scornful D critical31. According to the first paragraph, economic down

21、turns (n.衰退)would_.32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that_.33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often_.34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_.35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?2014年Text 331. According to

22、 the first paragraph, economic downturns would_.32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that_.33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often_.34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed_.35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the tex

23、t?2014年Text 32014年Text 3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful sid

24、e of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee. When there is exponential improvement in

25、the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MITs Center f

26、or Digital Business. This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet. John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place. Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend

27、to be “tightly scripted” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel

28、says.2014年Text 3 Its time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respon

29、d to unexpected events”. That is not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities. As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we

30、need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”2014年Text 331. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would _. A ease t

31、he competition of man vs. machine B highlight machines threat to human jobsC provoke a painful technological revolution D outmode our current economic structure 32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that _. A technology is diminishing mans job opportunitiesB automation is accelerating te

32、chnological developmentC certain jobs will remain intact after automationD man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often _.A performed by innovative mindsB scripted with an individual styleC standardized without a clear targetD designed against human c

33、reativity 34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed _.A the predictability of machine behavior in practiceB the formula for how work is conducted efficientlyC the ways machines replace human labor in modern timesD the necessity of human involvement in the workplace 35. W

34、hich of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?A How to Innovate Our Work Practices ?B Machines will Replace Human LaborC Can We Win the Race Against Machines ?D Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations2.解题方式 利用题干关键词定位，回到原文，锁定考点所在原文句子。(定位到句子) 回文定位（1）关键信息对应原文一处22. L.A. Unified

35、 has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_.A tend to have moderate(温和的；适度的) expectations(期望) for their education B have asked for a different educational standardC may have problems finishing their homework D have voiced their complaints (埋怨，抱怨)about homework （1）关键信息对应原文一处【2012.

36、 T1 P2】This rule is meant to address (v.设法解决)the difficulty that students from impoverished(a.穷困的) or chaotic(a.混乱的) homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory(adj. 矛盾的). Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their

37、own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication (n.暗示)that standards need to be lowered for poor children.（2）关键信息对应原文多处2

38、8. Compared with their American counterparts(同行，对应物), Japanese newspapers are much more stable(稳定的) because they_.A have more sources of revenue(收益)B have more balanced newsrooms(新闻编辑部)C are less dependent on(依赖于；依靠) advertisingD are less affected (受到影响的)by readership(读者人数；读者们；读者的身份)（2）关键信息对应原文多处【20

39、11. T2 P4】Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on(依靠；信赖) ads(广告). Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising(n. 广告,广告业) in 2008, according to the Organiz

40、ation for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion(比例，占比)is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. 3.常见错误选项特征张冠李戴曲解原文无中生有语义杂糅 重点回顾细节题识别：明确、关键、独有解题步骤：(先题后文)划关键词 定位排除干扰项 定位： 题文同序定位到自然段 关键词定位到句子：关键信息对应原文一处/多处 课后作业【2016. T1 P4】The Flatiron school,

41、where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding boot camps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but“we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in,”said Victoria Fridman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing