情态动词讲解-练习题和答案

1、情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。1. can （could）1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。例如： Two eyes can see more tha n one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 Could the girl read before she went to school?这女孩上学前能识字吗？因为can不能和其他助动词连用，所以表示将来式时用will be able to例: You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.

2、注意：Can表示一贯的能力，be able to表示客观能力和通过努力可以达到的能力I can ' t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.The fire spread through the hotel, but every one was able to get out2）表示允许。例如： Can I have a look at your new pen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the

3、 reading room. 他问他可不可以把 书带出阅览室。3）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例如： Where can （could） they have go ne to?他们会去哪儿了呢？ How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？could加完成式还用于肯定句时一般表过去可能完成而却未完成的动作。You could have completed the task a little earlier.你本来能早点完成任务的。（但事实上并没有提前完成任务）I could have passed my exam in ati on

4、 easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。如表具体做某一件事的能力时，则须用 be able to .He was able to tran slate the article without a dict ion ary.他可以不用词典翻译那篇文章。2. may （might）1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。例如： You may take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么。 May （Might） I ask for a photo of y

5、our baby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？2）在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly./ Please don ' t. / You ' d better not. / No, yc等mu以免显得太严峻或不客气。3）may /might推测性用法可能He may be right. He may not come today （可能不） He may /might come tomorrow. 注意：（1）只用于肯定和否定句中，不用于疑问句中。（2）might比may可能性更小He might get a

6、 job. He may get a job.（3）may not可能不 can not不可能He may not come . He can ' t come4）表建议（可和as well连用）You may （ might） as well stay where you are. 你还是原地待着好。（may as well有 还是的好”的含义）5）表祝愿May you be happy!6）. might表过去的 可能”和 允许”多用于间接引语。She said that he might take her dictio nary. 她说他可以拿她的词典去用。除在间接引语中外，mi

7、ght 一般不表示过去的可能”与 许可”。表过去的 可能”可用could，表过去的 许可"可用 were （was） allowed to。7）might表现在的 可能”，其可能性要比 may小。Electric irons could be dan gerous; they might give you a severe shock.8）may （might） + have +done表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有想必”、也许是"的意思。It may have been true.这事也许是真的。He might not have settled the question

8、.他可能尚未解决那个问题。3. must1）表示义务。意为 必须”（主观意志）。例如：We must do everyth ing step by step .我们必须按部就班地做一切事情。Why must you always bother me? 为什么你偏要打扰我呢。2）must be +表语的结构，通常表示猜测，含有 一定”之意。（只用在肯定句中）He must be an honest boy.他一定是个诚实的男孩 This must be your room.这一定是你的房间。3）must的否定式有两个：当回答由must引起的问题时，否定答复要用needn '或don &#

9、39; t haveto表示 不必”、无须”、用不着”、不一定”的意义。当表示不应该”、不许可”、禁止”时，就用 must not。Must I go tomorrow?明天我必须去吗？Yes, please. No , you needn' t.4）must +have +过去分词的结构，常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有一定”、准是”的意思。否定和疑问句用can。She must have studied En glish before.她以前一定学过英语。5）区别：have to的含义与 must是很接近的，只是have to比较强调客观需要，must着重说明主观看法

10、。I must clean the room.（主观想法）I have to clean the room.（客观需要）另外，have to能用于更多时态：We had to be there at ten .我们得在十点钟到那里。We will have to recon sider the whole thi ng.have to的否定式：don ' t have to do表示 不必做”之意。4. shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。例如： Shall I get you some tea?我给你点茶好吗？ Shall the boy wait outside?

11、让那男孩在外面等吗？2）表说话人的意愿，有命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。例如： You shall do as I say.按我说的做。（命令） You shall have my answer tomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）5. should1）用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿

12、，但语气较委婉温和，如：What should we do now? 我们现在该怎么办？2）表示应该、必须，常与must换用。例如：We should （must） master a foreig n Ian guage at least.3）（表示不确定）万一。例如： If I should see him, I'll tell him.万一我见到他，我就告诉他。 If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeti ng would be postp on ed.万一明天下雨。4）“ should+be表语”的结构，表示推测或惊奇。例如：They

13、 should be back by now.他们现在应该回来了吧。I am sorry that she should be so careless.我感到遗憾她竟会那样粗心。5）“ should+have过去分词"的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为；其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ ought to have + 过去分词”表示过去 早应该”本当”之意，语气较强。例如：I should have thought of that.这一点我是应当想到的。（但没想到）They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早。（

14、但已走了）6）在 "It is natural （strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ） that句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用 should +动词原形”表示 理所当然”、奇怪” 必要” 惊 异"等的意思。在lest（以免）、for fear （that）（以防）、in case（以备万一）等之后也要用should+ 动词原形；在 advise, sugest, order, dema nd, request 等的从句中 should+do "例如：It is n eces

15、sary that he（should） be sent there at once.It is stra nge that he should say so.他会说这样的话真是奇怪。6. will和would的用法1）表示意志，决心或愿望。例如：Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.He would not let me try it .他不肯让我去试。2） will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为。He will sit there hour af

16、ter hour look ing at the traffic go by.He would come to see me whe n he was in Beiji ng.3） 用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would的语气比will委碗Would/will you ki ndly tell me the way to the statio n?请问到火车站怎么走？4）表可能性This will be the book you are look ing for.这可能就是你要找的书。She would be about 60 whe nshe died.7.ought t

17、o表义务，意为 应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍轻。例如： You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当管他。 You oughtn ' t to smoke so much.你不应该抽这么多烟。8. used to1）表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。例如：i There used to be a buildi ng at the street corner, but it has bee n pulled dow n. I usedn ' t （did

18、n ' t use） to smo我过去不抽烟。j F Used you （Did you use） to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？2）used to +v, be used to +v-ing 禾口 be used to +vused to +v意为 过去常常” 过去一直” be used to +v-ing / n （名词）意为 习惯于” be used to +v意为 被用来（做某事）”例: He used to smoke. Now he doesn ' H e' s quite used to hard work /

19、working hard.The knife is used to cut bread.9.特殊情态动词 need和dare的用法：need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和 疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。n eed情态动词实义动词现在时You n eed (not) do He n eed (not) doYou (don ' t) need to do He needs (doesn' t need) to do过去时You needed (didn ' t need) to doHe needed (didn

20、' t need) to do将来时You n eed (not) doHe n eed (not) doYou will (not) n eed to do He will (not) need to dodare情态动词实义动词现在时dare to/daren ' t/dare not doDare he do?dare/dares to dodo/does not dare (to) do Do you/Does he dear (to) do?过去时dared to/dared not do Dared he do?dared to do/did not dare (t

21、o) do Did he dare (to) do1）用作情态动词。例如：|You needn ' t telephone him nowShe dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。2）用作实义动词。例如：You don ' t need to do it yourself. I dare say he我想他会come agaIiidare say 为固定二、情态动词表推测：1. ca n表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。例如：,>_K He can ' t (could n ' t) have eno u

22、gh money for a new (他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 You mustn ' t smoke while you ' re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.在林子 里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。2. may 表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She may not know about it.3. must表示揣测。意为 想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He look

23、s so pale.他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 She' s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.4. should 表推测，意为 想必一定、照说应该、估计"等。例如： The film should be very good as it is starri ng first-class actors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。 They should be home by n ow.照说他们现在应当已经到家了。5. ought to表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。例如： Han

24、Mei ought to kn ow his teleph one number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。 There ' sfiane sun set; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。6. could可能性不大，语气较弱。7 might可能性最小，语气最弱。表示可能性大小的顺序为：must > will > would > ought to > should > can > could> may>might7. would rather, would sooner,

25、 would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：1) The soldier would sooner die than surrender. The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy. I ' d rather walk than take a bus.If you don ' t like to swim, you may just as

26、wellystri home.2）would （had） rather, would （had） sooner, would （just） as soon 后可跟 that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：I would rather you came on Sun day. I would sooner you had n' t asked me to speak yesterday.8. 表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句He must/may be in the room, isn' Htshcah

27、 ' t be in the room, is heHe must have finished the work, hasn' t he? He may have done the work last night, didn' t I结构：1情态动词+动词原形（对现在和将来的动作进行推测）He must un dersta nd that we mean bus in ess.2情态动词+ be +doing（对正在发生的动作进行推测）-Where is LiLei ?- He may be study ing at school.3. 情态动词+ have +done

28、 （对过去的动作进行推测）must have done 定干了某事 could have done 可能干了某是或本可以干了某事may/might have done 也许已经干了某事should/ ought to have done 本应该做了某事可是没有做need not have done本不必干了某事表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为本没必要” You needn' t have waken me up; I don ' t have to go to work todayhad better have done 最好干了某事 would rather have

29、done 宁愿干了某事would like / love have done 本想干了某事其实未干Since the road is wet, it must have rainedlast ni ght.备注：态动词+ have +done反义问句的结构由有无时间状语来决定。Lucy must have worked last night, didn' t she?Lucy must have worked , hasn' t she?4. 情态动词+ have been + v-ing形式（表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行）They should have

30、bee n meeti ng to discuss the problem.三、情态动词其它用法1. cannot but do sth. 表示不得不，只好I cannot but choose to go.2. may well + 动词原形 完全能， 很可能 He may well be proud of his son.3. may as well 最好 We may as well stay where we are.4 cannot （或 n ever 等否定词）与 eno ugh 表示再也不为过 You cannot be careful eno ugh.情态动词练习题1. Jac

31、k described his father, whoa brave boy many years ago, as a strong -villed manA. would beB. would have bee n C. must beD. must have bee n2. Youbuy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. mustB. must n'tC. have toD. don't have to3. I have told you the truth.I keep repeati ng it?A MustB CanC May

32、D Will4.1have watched that movie it' ll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldn' t B. needn ' tC. couldn ' t D. mustn 't5. Markhave hurried. After driv ing at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. needn ' tB. wouldn ' tC. mustn ' tD. couldn ' t6. I take the book

33、out?rm afraid not.A. WillB. MayC. MustD. Need7. Just be patie nt .Youexpect the world to cha nge so soon .A. can ' tB. needn ' t C. may not D. whether8. I haven ' t got the reference book yet, but I' ll have a test on the subject next month.Don' t worry. Youhave it ly Friday.A. c

34、ould B. shall C. must D. may9. May I take this book out of the read ing room?No, you. You read it in here.A. mightn' t B. won ' tC. needn ' tD. mustn 't10. Doctors say that exercise is importa nt for health, but itbe regular exercise.A . canB . willC. mustD . may11. -Good morning. I&

35、#39;ve got an appo in tme nt with Miss Smith in the Pers onnel Departme nt.-Ah, good morning. Yoube Mrs. Peters.D. Can“ There ' s no one of that name here.D. wouldA. mightB. mustC. would12. “ Youhave a wrong number,” she said.A. n eedB. can C. must13. -Sorry, Professor Smith. I did n't finis

36、h the assig nment yesterday.-Oh, youhave done it as yesterday was the deadli ne.A. mustB. must n'tC. shouldD. should n't14. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-A. was busy B. is busyC. had bee n busy. D. will be busy15. Joh n went to the hospital alon e. If heme about it, I would have

37、 gone with him.A. should tell B. tellsC. toldD. had told16. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, b ut I ' d rather hemore onits culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focus D. had focused17.If wethe other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeti ng.A. take B. had

38、 takenC. took D. have taken18. -The weather has bee n very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables.A. would n't dieB. did n't dieC. had n't diedD. would n't have died19. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount

39、of time and energy.A . would have been saved B. had been saved C.will be saved D . was saved20. It ' s the office! So you_ ow eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry.A. must B. will C. may D. n eed21. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? Therebe twelve.A. should B. wouldC. will D. shall22

40、. I don ' t care what people thinkWell, youA. couldB. wouldC. shouldD. might23.1 can' t find my purse any where. You have lost it while shopp ing.A.mayB.ca n C.should D.would24.lt is usually warm in my hometown in March , but it be rather cold sometimes.A.mustB.ca nC.should D.would25. How &#

41、39;your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?Itbe , but it is now heavily polluted.A.will B.would C.should D.must26. What's the name? Khulaifi.I spell that for you?A.Shall B.Would C.Ca n D.Might27. John, look at the time.you play the piano at such a late hour?A.Must B.Ca n C.May D.Need28.

42、 Catheri ne, I have clea ned the room for you. Tha nks. Youit.I could man age it myself.A. needn' t do B. needn' t have doneC.mustn' t do D.shouldn' t have done29.I' ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. Youher last week.A.ought to tell B.would have told C.must tell D.should h

43、ave told30. Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry , I am not sure. But itbe.A.might B.willC.mustD.ca n1. D.考查情态动词推测用法。句意为“杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人，他的 父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。2. D情态动词don' t have to意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物， 但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。”3. A考察情态动词的用法。must必须，一定c

44、an可以，能够 may也许 will意愿，倾向性动作，前半句说我告诉你事实了，这里用的是现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响，既然我已经说了 ，我还必须重复一遍吗？4. A本题考查情态动词的用法。句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的-它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn' t have done,所以A项正确。5. A.考查情态动词。迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后， 他早半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境，提前半个小时到达，说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙，所以用 needn' thave done结构，表示“本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”

45、。6. B考查情态动词。表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用 can, may.句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。7. A耐心一点儿，你不能期望世界变化如此快。通过选项此题考察情态动词，can't在否定句中可以表示推测，译为不可能，可以表示能力，译为不能够，也可以表示命令，不允许, 但是语气比must n't弱，具有劝慰的意思，根据句意此题中选择A , can't表示劝慰。8. B，shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条 文中的要求或规定。9. D情态动词。英语中用could, might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might，而 may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustn' t，故本题选Do10C句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。考查情态动词。Can 一般表示"可能，或能力” ；will表示"意志”；may表示"许可，可能” ；must表示"必须”。11. B本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用。第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那下面的人就回应说，”那您一定就是 Mrs. Peters 了&