外文翻译--无人值班变电站与变电站自动化

1、本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译院（系部） 电气工程与自动化学院 专业名称 电气工程及其自动化 年级班级 学生姓名 指导老师 王 Unattended substation and substation automationThe development of automatic reclosing made the unattended substation practical .Automatic operation ,without the continuous presence of an attendant(operator),was first tried on the sync

2、hronous converter substations supplying an interurban electric railway in 1914.In the early 1920s,the development of automatic reclosing ,protective relays ,and means for automatic control of voltage made it possible for ac substations to be completely automatic .During the period when the substatio

3、ns had to be controlled manually ,it was necessary that they handle enough power to justify the operators wages .This dictated large stations ,frequently serving large areas by means of many feeders .The feeders that served the more distant parts of an area had to go a long way before they picked up

4、 any load .Furthermore ,as the load on a large substation grows ,transformer capacity has to be added .This increases the short-circuit current on the secondary side sometimes the short-circuit capacity exceeds the interrupting capacity of the circuit breakers already installed .Appropriate remedies

5、 include bus sectionalizing ,the installation of reactors or some combination of the two .Such measures are frequently expensive and inconvenient and they constitute an undesirable limitation on operating flexibility. Once the unattended substation became a reality ,the substation could be made smal

6、ler .Located nearer the load ,and long feeders were no longer necessary .This new method of distribution had become available since load growth could now be accommodated by installing another substation that could carry parts of the area loads formerly carried by adjacent substations .Usually ,there

7、 is no interconnection between the circuits energized by the various substations .Consequently ,there is no increase in short-circuit severity .however ,at the distribution level ,tie switches are used to switch feeders or feeder sections between transformers in the same station or to adjacent subst

8、ations for substation transformer load management.Automatic control has been applied to larger and larger substations ,and to many hydroelectric generating stations .It is also used on individual circuits and equipment in many attended stations .For example ,even in many stations where an operator i

9、s on duty ,outgoing overhead feeders are controlled by automatic reclosing relays .Under some circumstances ,it may be impractical to make a station completely automatic .These circumstances could exist because of technical ,economic ,or safety considerations .A station need not be attended even tho

10、ugh it is not fully automatic ,it is possible to control a station from another location ,such as a larger attended station or the system operating office .This can be done by means of supervisory control(a form of remote control).By means of a SCADA system ,an operator at a dispatch center can caus

11、e operations such as the opening and closing of breakers ,the starting and stopping of condensers ,and the changing of the taps on transformers with load tap changer .The operator can receive an indication that the operation has been completed .All of this can be done over a voice-grade communicatio

12、n channel .It is the use of voice-grade ,two-way communication channels that distinguishes supervisory control from direct-wire remote control ;The latter requires one direct-wire circuit for each control from direct-wire remote control ;The latter requires one direct-wire circuit for each controlle

13、d device .SCADA equipment supplements automatic control .All of the protective relays and most of the control relays required for automatic control are also necessary when supervisory control is used .Only the initiating devices may be different or omitted .For example a fully automatic synchronous

14、condenser is started and stopped by an initiating device responsive to voltage or current or both .In addition ,there are many protective and control relays .If the condenser is to be controlled by supervisory control ,all the other devices are still necessary ,and only the initiating devices can be

15、 omitted.With the recent revolution in microelectronic performance and costs ,digital automation systems are now being developed for power systems .These automation systems provide an integrated systems concept for protection ,control ,and monitoring functions .The approach utilizes distributed micr

16、oprocessor-based modules located within the substations and ort on the transmission and distribution system .This provides protection and control decisions out on the system where the data is located .By automatic transmission and distribution systems ,major benefits will be obtained .There include

17、greater utilization of existing facilities ,reduction of communication requirements ,deferral of major system investments ,optimized operations and maintenance ,improved system reliability ,more efficient-system operation through lower losses and rapid restoration of service after a fault the functi

18、ons implemented by using this integrated systems approach include :Transmission automation functions and distribution substation and feeder automation functions. The transformer substation automation and unmanned on duty are the popular topics that the charged barbed wire net adjusts one degree auto

19、mation realm nowadays, its development power head is just on the up.The abroad has a kind of standpoint to think, the person is subjected to environment,motion,personality,disease.etc. many factor influence easily, so oneself be a not dependable factor.Really there aren't a few troubles to being

20、 cause by the artificial mistake operation of, seeing from this angle, no man the on duty really can raise to circulate credibility.For example ZHENG4 ZHOU DI4 adjust as early as 1959 to start adopt the remote control technique, more than 30 in the last yearseses never take place a mistake operation

21、;Again if after power supply bureau in Shenzhen carry out a transformer substation no man on duty, mistake operation the trouble rate lowered 60%. The transformer substation automation is at the calculator technique and the network correspondence technical foundation up develop.The abroad has alread

22、y had the dispersion type transformer substation automation to publish in 80's, taking Siemens(SIEMENS) company as an example, that company the 1st whole dispersion type transformer substation automation LSA678 as early as 1985 circulates in the German Hanover devotion, the transformer substatio

23、n that go to various electric voltage grade that 1993 beginning of years have already had more than 300 systems in Germany and Europe circulate.The transformer substation automation the work start of the our country to compare with night, about since 90's, the beginning start the stage mainly de

24、velops with produce a concentration type of transformer substation automation, example type DISA-1 the is one , type BJ-1 the is 2 s, types iES-60ses, A XWJK-1000 types, etc.s FD-97.Start develop dispersion the type transformer substation automation in mid 90's, such as the types DISA-2s, type D

25、ISA-3 3, 4 s, BJ-F3s, type CSC-2000 the is 5 s, DCAP3200 typeseses, FDK type etc., compared with the foreign advanced level have a margin about for 10 years.Many high school,research units,the manufactory house and programming design,the seting up with circulate section at study and draw lessons fro

26、m abroad forerunner technical of in the meantime, is combine the actual circumstance joint effort of the our country to continue to develop to match more our country the transformer substation automation of the state of the nation 3, 4, 6-12 s.Can anticipate, it will development and expansion from n

27、ow on of speed would more and more quick, with abroad of the margin will contract gradually.One,the transformer substation categorize: Transformer substation's press the electric voltage grade can is divided into the high pressure,extra high voltage,high pressure and medium low pressure especial

28、ly is 4.Especially high pressure transformer substation:1 000 KV, 750 kVs;Extra high voltage transformer substation:500 KV, 330 kVs;High pressure transformer substation:220 KV, 110 kVs, 35 kVs;Medium low-pressure transformer substation:(call to go together with the electricity station again)10 The k

29、V and following electric voltage grade. The transformer substation presses in the position in the charged barbed wire net can is divided into the vital point station,the terminal station with to turn 3 of stand.The vital point stand:In the charged barbed wire net regardless is the net, a structure s

30、till a burden levels all are placed in prominent position;The terminal stand:Only the high pressure enters line, locating the circuit bitter end of the charged barbed wire net;Win to turn a station:There are 2 road high pressures to enter line, locate the circuit middle.Transformer substation's

31、press the control method can is divided in to gather to control a station(again call a base a station) and be controled a station.(call son a station again)The former is adjusted one degree center control, and as to it's the surroundings son station take to have already adjusted one degree opera

32、tion mission;The latter and the terminal station are similar, but be placed in the wreath form charged barbed wire net probably inTwo,BE gather to control the station control: The transformer substation presses to circulate mode demarcation to turn on duty for someone:This is the most familiar movem

33、ent mode currently;Unmanned on duty:Have no fixed movement on duty a personnel, reserve only individual guard personnel, be responsible for station inside of safe security work and the trouble abnormality circumstance of urgent processing;No man value guard:No man of the real meaning station, at som

34、e flourishing west nation, if the United States,Canadian etc. is more familiar.Three,concentrate to go together with to hold mode: This kind of mode the application is the most in currently the domestic lately set up the transformer substation, and have already obtained more mature movement experien

35、ce.The product of the greatly parts of factory house all belongs to this kind, among them applied have types DISA-3s,type BJ-1s,iESs,A XWJK-1000 etc.s morely.That mode and traditional mode compare, the biggest differentiation lie in RTU remote control,signal,measure,electric power charge,corresponde

36、nce etc. the function difference set hold, but from 1 or 2 control unit always through a string to go the correspondence with each function unit(hold a cabinet) and the tiny machine protection and break down to record correspondences, such as wave and the place of honor machine.etc.(see figure 3)Its

37、 characteristics is control,protect two greatest functions as a whole to consider, two back track designs greatly for simplify.Four,whole dispersion types: That mode the main characteristics take a main equipments,such as switch,transformer,female line etc., as to install unit, control,I/O,shut the

38、unit dispersions, such as lock and protection.etc., install right on the spot on a main equipments(hold a cabinet).The station controls unit(control in the lord indoor) to go and the one for each equipments to hold a cabinet(on the spot) to connect with each other through a string, and adjust one de

39、gree center correspondence with the place of honor machine and far-away place.Concrete implement again is divided into 2 kinds of modes:Protect opposite independence, control to unite as one with diagraph, if SIEMENS etc. the product of the company;Protect,the control and diagraph unite as one, such

40、 as ABB, GE, the MERLIN GERIN etc. the product of the company. The SIEMENS LSA678 systemses are the typical models that the adoptions protect opposite and independent mode, having already had several hundred sets movement experience in the whole world, having already hadn't a few applied solid e

41、xamples as well in the domestic in the last few years.(for example Suzhou Singapore industrial park,LIU3 ZHOU power supply bureau in Guangxi.etc.)The local factory house also releases whole dispersion type systems successively in recent years, such as the DISA-2, BJ-F3, CSC-2000, DCAP3200 etc.s(see

42、figure 4), this mode the more suitable for request save to cover the area and two situations of electric cables, for example the city(downtown) transformer substation. The part dispersion type: This mode synthesized the characteristics of the concentrated type and dispersion type, adopting dispersio

43、n a type of system structure, but control to concentrate to go together with to hold with protection still.Usually go together with concentration to hold to install in the dispersion of the equipments smallly.Equipments small at an equipments neighborhood, can establish several equipmentses accordin

44、g to the electric voltage grade and scale of the transformer substation small, manage nearby, economical electric cable.This mode can used for various transformer substation of electric voltage grade, being applicable to the 500 kVs and the large 220 kV station particularly.This kind of product cont

45、ain DISA-3, FDK, etc.s iES-70.(see figure 5)Five,the development strategy: In the concrete implement process of the transformer substation automation, have a different implement method because of being influence by the existing profession division of labour and management system:A kind of assertion

46、station inside supervise and control to take move(RTU) far as a data to collect with the foundation for control, correspond of the equipments also adjusts a degree by charged barbed wire net to change into foundation automatically, protecting opposite independence;Another a kind of then lay claim to

47、 a station inside supervise and control to take protect(tiny machine protection) as a data to collect with the foundation for control, the protection and control,measure to combine together, there is already this product in domestic, if etc.s CSC-2000.The latter is become a kind of development trend

48、 and consensus, so design,manufacturing,circulate and manage a section and break professional boundary, carry out integral whole to turn gradually.This is a necessity to the 110 kVs and following transformer substation. Perfectly right, current movement system,personnel from the our country equipmen

49、t,profession division of labour to see, the former occupies bigger advantage doubtless.Design from the programming regardless,research manufacturing,install to adjust to try and circulate a maintenance etc. everyone's noodles, control and protect two dissimilarity profession for being all indepe

50、ndent mutually, so the former matches the our country state of the nation more.And then because of hard provide clearer interface of trouble analysis and processing but still is circulate not easily a section to accept at that time.But install again from the development trend,the technique rationali

51、ty and the decrease equipments,simplification maintenance workload etc. the aspect consider, the latter again have it the superiority. The angle flowed from the information see, the protection(include break down to record an etc.) is with the control,measure of information sources all come from the

52、spot TA, the TV measures exportation two times, just requesting a dissimilarity.The breakdown abnormality appearance information protected to mainly collect an equipments, request TA, the TV measures scope to compare breadth, usually according to 1000% sums settle value consideration, but measure ac

53、curacy to have lower request, the error margin is above 3%.But the control and diagraph mainly collect the movement appearance information, requesting TA, the TV measure the scope is more narrow, usually Be measuring a sum settle the value neighborhood motion, have certain request to the diagraph ac

54、curacy, measure an error margin a request at 1% in. The control that always control(CPU) unit to receive to come from the place of honor machine(the region) or far-away place directly outputs an order, can act to the protection operation back track directly after the school pit of the necessity, the

55、 province goes to controls from a distance exportation and control from a distance a performance etc. link, simplify an equipments, raise credibility. See from no man on duty angle, not only request to simplify a lord to connect the line and main equipments, but also request to simplify two back tra

56、cks and equipments, so the protection and control, measure of the integral whole turn to be advantageous to simplifying an equipments and reduce a daily maintenance workload, to 110 kVs and the following is a 10 kVs to go together with the electricity station particularly, in addition to the voltmet

57、er fee,power always adds etc. have diagraph accuracy to request but the beard connect the measurement TA, TV outside, other measurements make surveillance to circulate the work condition only it use, completely can with protection TA, the TV suitable for use.Can share on area net(LAN) various inform

58、ation of the bureau in addition, control,measure etc. all need not install each from of the data collect hardware.The control of the normal regulations hold,the information hold,imitate to hold etc. cancel may also. The transformer substation automation and no man turn on duty an implement of circul

59、ate the mode, being decided by the credibility of the equipments to a large extent.The equipments that points here not only is automate an equipments, more important electricity main equipments.Suggests the supervisor section draws up the relevant equipments manufacturing and connect oscular norm standard according to the characteristics of the transformer substation automation.Automating a