主谓一致讲解及练习(黄金版)

1、主谓一致一.概念:主谓一致是指：1） 语法一致，即主语单复数形式与谓语要保持一致。2） 意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3） 就近一致，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例： There is much water in the thermos.二. 知识点精讲1. 并列主语的主谓一致。 1）两个名词用and连接作主语，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。例： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 Tom and Jack are close

2、friends. 汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。2）两个名词用and连接作主语，表示同一人、同一物、同一概念或表不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数（通常and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词）。例： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。【典型例题】The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a spee

3、ch at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were3）两个由and连接作主语的名词被every, each, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词仍用单数（后一个限定词可省略）。 Each boy and (each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。 Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film. 许多老师和学生看过这部电影。4）一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词所修饰时，可指一或几件事，此时可根据意义一致原则确定谓语的单复数。 Simple

4、 and plain living is a fine quality. 生活简朴是一种优良的品质。 English and American literature are appealing to her. 美国文学和英国文学都对她有吸引力。5）由or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数要与和它临近的主语的数保持一致。如：One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一两个朋友来。A cigar or a cigarette is v

5、ery enjoyable. 来一支雪茄或香烟挺带劲的。 Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage. 我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。 Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter. 不是你就是我将负责这件事。6）单数名词+with，along with, together with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except + 名词作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式。如： Tom as well as two of his friends

6、 was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加晚会了。 Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive in New York this afternoon. 史密斯博士及其夫人今天下午将到达纽约。 Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory. 只有一个老师和三个学生在实验室里。2. 某些名词作主语的主谓一致1. 集体名词family, class, crew, team, group, public, audience,

7、 crowd, government, committee等作主语时谓语动词要依据所指意义而定。当作为整体看时，用单数；当指其中各成员时，谓语用复数。如：The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are doing experiments. 全班学生正在做实验。2. 由两部分构成的物体的名词，如trousers，pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts等作主语时，谓语用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a/two/three/thi

8、spair(s) of等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：These trousers need cleaning. 这些裤子需要清洗。Your glasses are very nice. 你的眼镜很漂亮。This pair of trousers is mine. 这条裤子是我的。Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这里有几双新鞋。3. 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致1. 表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时，通常当整体看，谓语用单数形式。Twenty years is a long time in ones li

9、fe. 20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。Forty miles was covered in a single night. 一夜走了40英里。20，000 dollars is not a small sum of money. 两万美元不是一笔小数目的钱。2. 分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语的形式取决于它们表示的意义。About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得读一读。A large percentage of the wheat crop was ruined by the flood. 大部

10、分的麦类作物被洪水毁掉了。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干了60%的工作。About 20 percent of the students are absent today. 今天有大约20%的学生缺席。3. 由“kind (form, type, sort, species, portion, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。如： This new type of buses is now on show. (但Buses of this kind are no

11、w on show.)现在正展出一种新型的公共汽车。All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting. 会上讨论了一些新的艺术形式。4a number of(许多)，a variety of (各种各样的)和a group of(一群，一组)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要求用复数形式。但the number of(的数目)和the variety of(的种类)修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of stud

12、ents are from the south. 许多学生来自南方。The number of students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising. 那个商店减价的货物的品种多的惊人。5. 若主语由many a, more than one + 名词构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语仍用单数。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试不及格。6a quantity of及quanti

13、ties of都可修饰单复名词；quantities of后的谓语总用复数；a quantity of后的谓语取决于名词的单复数。With more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of earth is being washed away each year.= With more forests being destroyed, quantities of earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的泥土被冲走。主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当there be 句型的主语是

14、一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：Either you or sh

15、e is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to

16、 go boating.他和我想去划船。4. 谓语需用单数的情况1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如： Each of us has an iPhone. 我们每人都有一部iPhone手机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。3

17、）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。 Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：All is right.一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主

18、语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如： His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。 His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如： Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？3）有些名词，如variety, nu

19、mber, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如： A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如： Most of

20、his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。3）如 many a

21、或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。用所给动词的适当形式填空。（1）Many a boy and girl _ (have) made such a funny experiment.（2）The writer and translator _ (b

22、e) delivering a speech in our school now.（3）Tom, but not Jim, _ (have) gone there.（4）A needle and thread _ (be) what he needs now.（5）He or I _ (be) to go. （6）Mary, along with her sisters, _ (attend) the conference regularly.（7）Not only the students but also their teacher _ (be) required to attend th

23、e meeting.（8）A football team which _ (keep) on training hard _ (be) more likely to win.（9）Where _ (be) my glasses?（10）This pair of glasses _ (be) mine.（11）Ten years _ (be) a moment in history.（12）Improving the production process _ (be) necessary.（13）A third of his composition _ (have) been corrected

24、.（13）A third of his compositions _ (have) been corrected.巩固练习（ ） 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were（ ） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is pl

25、aying B. have played C. are playing D. play（ ） 3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are（ ） 4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed（ ） 5. Eric is the only

26、one of the boys who _ a driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having（ ） 6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbors. A. is B. are C. were D. be（ ）7. In my opinion, some of the news _ unbelievable. A. are B. is C. has been D. have been（ ）8. When _ the United Nations founded? A. is B. are C.

27、 was D. were（ ）9. Every possible means _ . A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried（ ） 10. What she says and does _ nothing to do with me. A. was B. were C. has D. have（ ）11. There _ a dictionary and several books on the desk. A. are B. must C. have been D. is（ ）12. Nobody _ seen th

28、e film. Its a pity. A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack have C. but my friends has D. but I have（ ）13. No teacher and no student _ A. are admitted B. is admitted C. are admitting D. is admitting（ ）14. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were（ ）15. When and where to b

29、uild the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided（ ） 16. The writer and singer _ here.A. is B. are C. were D. do（ ） 17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you. A. are B. was C. is D. were（ ） 18. In those days John with his classmates _ kept busy preparing for the exam. A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ） 19. _ your clothes? No, mine _ hanging ov