产科英文名词解释

1、产科英文名词解释1. Fetal lie （胎产式） The term lie refers to the relati on ship betwee n the long axis of the mother and the long axis of the fetus.2. Fetal presentation （胎先露） The presenting part is the portion of the fetus that desce nd first through the birth can al.3. Fetal posito（胎方位）The exact fetal positi

2、 on is determ ined by the relati on ship of some definite part of the fetus （the guiding point ） to a fixed area of the maternal pelvis.4. Braxton Hicks 收缩 The pregnant uterus produces painless palpable contractions at irregular intervals from an early stage in gestation ,these Braxton Hicks Con tra

3、cti on s,however, are not positive sig ns of preg nancy, since similar con tracti ons are sometimes no ted in cases of hematometra and occasi on ally with soft myomas , especially the ped un culated submucous variety.5. Hegar's sign （黑格氏征）On bima nual exam in atio n the uteri ne body feels dough

4、y or elastic and sometimes becomes exceed in gly soft at about the sixth week after the last period.6. Abortion（流产）Abortion is term ination of preg nancy before 28 weeks of gestation and the fetal weight is less tha n 1000g.7. Missed abortion （稽留流产）When the embryo or fetus dies and it is retained in

5、 uterus.8. Habitual abortion （习惯性流产）This is defined as 3 or more consecutive abortion. It is also called recurre nt aborti on.9. Placenta previa （前置胎盘） The entire placenta or part of it is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus rather than in the upper active segmen，and at least a porti on of

6、the place nta precedes the prese nti ng part of the fetus after 28 week.10. Placenta abruption （胎盘早剥） Partial or complete detachment of the placenta from a site of normal implantation in the corpus uteri before delivery of the fetus and may occur at any time after 20 weeks gestati on.11. Uteroplacen

7、tal apoplexy （子宫胎盘卒中） Hemorrhage in filtrates the uteri ne wall. Uterine tetany follows, the uterus appears purplish,copper-colored, ecchymotic, in durated and loss its con tractile powebecause of disrupti on of the muscle bun dles.12. HELLP syndrome The major symptoms are hemolysis, elevated liver

8、en zymes, and low platelets syn drome.13. threatened labor （先兆临产）（1）lighteri ng; （2）false labor pa in; （3）show.14. Onset and diagnosis of labor （临产诊断）The contractions of labor occur regularly and usually in crease un til they recur every 5 to 6 minu tes and last from 30 to 40 sec on ds, which cause

9、progressive effaceme nt and dilatati on of the cervix and desce nt of the prese nti ng part.15. Mechanism of normal labor （分娩机制） The mechanism of labor is a term applied to the series of changes in the attitude and position of the fetus that permits it to progress though the irregularly shaped pelvi

10、c cavity.16. engagement 衔接）The mechanism by which the biparietal diameter, the greatest transverse diameter of the head in vertex presentation , passes through the pelvic inlet is desig nated en gageme nt.17. Internarotation （内旋转） This movement is a turning of the head in such a manner that the occi

11、put gradually moves from its orig inal positi on an teriorly toward the , symphysis pubis or ,less commonly , posteriorly toward the hollow of the sacrum.18. OCT or CST （oxytocin chellenge test, or contraction stress t缩宫素激惹试 验）oxytoci n challe nge test （OCT） or con tract ion stress test （CST）. Measu

12、ri ng the FHR resp onse to the stress of spontan eous or oxytoc in in duced con tractio n（ UC） forms to basis of this test of fetal placental reserve.OCT positive:Recurrent （at least two） late deceleration of the FHR, i.e, slowing in the heart rate develops at about the middle of the con tracti on a

13、nd retur ning to the baseli ne after the contraction subsides, in addition, the amplitude and the duration of the deceleration must parallel the amplitude and duration of the underlying .Negative: At least 3 con tract ions in 10 minu tes, and each last ing at least 40 sec on ds, the FHR are observed

14、 without late decelerati on, A n egative test with in a week of delivery provided reliable assura nee that the fetus will survive and probably tolerate labor and delivery well.19. NST （ Non-stresstest,无应激试验）NST is a test for gross evaluation of the uteroplace ntal and fetal reserve. Each determ in a

15、ti on requires simulta neous mon itori ng of FHR and FMs. Reactive the FAD（ fetal activity acceleratio n determ in ati on） must have a smooth, regular configuration and there must be 3 or more FADs per 20 minutes with a duration of greater than 15 seconds and more than 15 bpm amplitude. Non-reactive

16、 this classification includes no fetal activity either spontaneously or with stimulati on, and no dem on sthable FHR cha nge in resp onse to stimulati on.20. Physiologicretraction ring （生理性缩复环） As a result of the thining of the lower uteri ne segme nt and the thick ing of the upper. The boun dary be

17、twee n them is marked by a ridge on the inner uteri ne surface, the ringe is called the physiologic retraction ring.21. Pathologic retraction ring（病理性缩复环）A pathologic retracti on rin g（b un dle ring） develops duri ng obstructed but otherwise no rmal labor. The ring forms at the junction of the activ

18、e upper and the relatively passive lower uterine segmentsand actually is the lower border of the unu sually thick upper segme nt . because desce nt and expulsi on of the fetus are impeded. The lower seme nt becomes excessively len gthe ned and thinned and the upper segme nt shorte ned and thicke ned

19、.U nl ess the obstructi on is overcome, the uterus may rupture.The ring can be felt and sometimes even seen as a ridge just below the umbilicus ;it becomes more obvious as labor presses.22. Constriction ring （痉挛性狭窄环） A constriction ring is tetanic annular contraction of smooth muscle that may occur

20、at any level in the uterine wall. The ring does not change position,and it may be applied so tightly around the fetus body that it preve nts desce nt.23. prolonged latent phase潜伏期延长）The time required to complete effacement and to en ter the active phase is Ion ger tha n 16 hours.24. prolonged active

21、 phase （活跃期延长）After the cervix dilated to 3cm, labor progresses over slow, the time of active phase lastes over 8 hours.The cervical dilatation progresses at a rate less than 1.2cm/hr in primigravida and less than 1.5cm/hr in multipara.25. protracted active phase （活跃期停滞）The cervical dilatati on does

22、 not cha nge duri ng a 2-hour period.26. Prolonged second stage （第二产程延长 ）when the cervixfully dilates the con tracti ons become weak and the in tervells prolorg, the spa n of time is over 2 hours. In nullipara and over 1 hour in maltipara, it is called that the second stage is prolon ged.27. protrac

23、ted second stage（第二产程停滞）when the cervix fully dilates for one hour, the descending of featl head is arrested and the progress of labor stops, it is called that the sec ond stage is arrested.28. Prolonged labor（滞产）When the course of labor lasts for more than 24 hours it is called prolonyed labor.29. signs of separation of placentOJ台盘剥离征象）（1）The rising up of the uterus as a small firmly con tracted mass, to a level above the umbilicus （2）le ngthe ning of the cord （3）A sudde n gush of the blood （4）tract ion upwards of the fun