2020-2021学年高二英语人教版选修6教师用书：Unit 3 Section Ⅳ　Using Language Word版含解析

1、(教师用书独具)hiv/aids：are you at risk?hiv is a virusa virus is a very small living thing that causes diseasethere are many different viruses，for example，the flu virus or the sars virushiv weakens a person's immune system；that is， the part of the body that fights diseaseyou can have hiv in your blood

2、for a long time，but eventually hiv will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight diseasethis stage of the illness is called aidsif you develop aids，your chances of survival are very small人体免疫缺损病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？hiv(人体免疫缺损病毒)是一种病毒。病毒是一种可以引发疾病的微生物。它有许多种类，如流感病毒和sars病毒。hiv病毒损害人体

3、的免疫系统，也就是说使人体抗衡疾病的免疫功能减弱。在你的血液中，hiv病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于你的身体再不能抗衡疾病。这种疾病到了这个阶段就叫艾滋病。如果你发展成了艾滋病，生存的几率很小。助读讲解that is 也就是(说)。chance 此处指“某事发生的可能性”。hiv is spread through blood or the fluid that the body makes during sexfor a person to become infected， blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus

4、，has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injectionone day scientists will find a cure for hiv/aidsuntil that happens，you need to protect yourselfhere are some things you can do to make sure you stay safehiv是通过血液或性交时产生的体液传播的。携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。将来总有一天，科学家会找到医治hiv病毒和艾滋病的

5、疗法的。在找到之前，你必须保护你自己。你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己安全。助读讲解infected adj受感染的。you can do 是省略引导词that的定语从句，修饰some things；you stay safe是make sure的宾语从句。if you inject drugs：·do not share your needle with anyone elseblood from another person can stay on or in the needleif a person has hiv and you use the same n

6、eedle，you could inject the virus into your own blood·do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugsblood could have spilt on itif you have sex with a male or a female：·use a condomthis will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another假如你要注射药物：·不要同别人

7、共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针头内外。如果某人有hiv病毒，而你和他又用了同一个注射针，就有可能把别人的病毒注入到你的血液中来。·在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他任何东西，因为血液可能会溅到这些物品上来。假如你同男人或女人性交：·要使用避孕套。它可以防止性交时产生的体液从一个人传给另一个人。助读讲解could/can have done 可能会，可能已经。prevent(from) doing sth制止/防止做某事。the following statements are not true·a person cannot get hiv the firs

8、t time they have sexwrongif one sexual partner has hiv，the other partner could become infected·you can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have hivwrongmany people carrying hiv look perfectly healthyit is only when the disease has progressed to aids that a person begins to look sick&

9、#183;only homosexuals get aidswronganyone who has sex with a person infected with hiv/aids risks getting the viruswomen are slightly more likely to become infected than men下列这些说法都是错误的：·初次性交的人不可能染上hiv病毒。错了。如果性交的某一方有了hiv病毒，另一方就有可能传染上。·你会说通过观察你可以看出某人是否带有hiv病毒。错了。许多hiv病毒携带者看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋

10、病时，人才会显出病态。·只有同性恋者才得艾滋病。错了。任何人同感染了hiv病毒的人性交，都有染上这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。助读讲解tell此处意为“判断，辨别”。此句为强调句。被强调部分为时间状语从句only when。be likely to do可能做。·if you hug，touch or kiss someone with aids or visit them in their home，you will get hiv/aidsb10 wrongyou can only get the disease from blood or se

11、xual fluidunfortunately，people with hiv sometimes lose their friends because of prejudicemany people are afraid that they will get hiv/aids from those infected with hiv/aidsfor the same reason，some aids patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick·you can get hiv/aids from

12、mosquitoeswrongthere is no evidence of this·如果你同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会从他们那里感染上hiv病毒或得艾滋病。错了。你只可能通过血液或性交时的体液染上这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，hiv病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从病毒携带者那儿染上hiv病毒，感染上艾滋病。由于相同的理由，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到任何人来照顾他们。·蚊子可以传染hiv病毒和艾滋病。错了，目前还没有证据证明这一点。助读讲解if you hug，you will get，if引导条件状语从句。在含有条件状语从句的

13、主从复合句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。不定式短语to look after them作目的状语，when引导时间状语从句。第一步速读了解文章主题和段落大意速读p22教材课文，选择最佳答案the passage mainly tells us about asome common understanding about hiv/aidsbwhat hiv/aids is and the way of transmittingcways to protect ourselvesdthe definition of hiv/aids答案b第二步细读把控文章关键信息细读p22教

14、材课文，选择最佳答案1will you be infected with aids by hugging a person with aids?ano，by touchingbno，by visitingcno，by kissingdno，by sharing needles2the word “homosexuals” in the third paragraph from the end means apeople only attracted by the same sexbpeople who don't care about themselvescpeople who are

15、 very sexydpeople who often have sex3a person may be infected with hiv through abloodbsexual fluidcinjection dall of the above4we can infer from the passage that ahiv is the same as aidsbhiv is different from aidschiv weakens a person's immune systemdyou can have hiv in your blood for quite a lo

16、ng time答案14dadb第三步研读能力升华接轨高考根据p22教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。hiv is a virus that 1weakens(weaken) a person's immune systemyou can have a hiv in your blood for a long timehowever，2eventually(eventual)it will damage your immune system so much 3that your body can no longer fight diseasethis stage

17、 of the illness 4is called(call) aidsso 5far，almost everyone who has developed aids has diedhiv is spread through blood or the fluid that/which 6carries(carry) the virusthe virus gets inside the body through 7broken(break) skin or by injection8certainly(certain)，scientists will find a cure 9for hiv/

18、aids one daybut before that happens，you need 10to protect(protect) yourself单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1the foreign child is awkward (笨拙的) with his chopsticks2it is clear that the chairman is not satisfied with the foreigner's prejudice (偏见)3it's illegal(非法的) to read other people's private lett

19、ers without permission4there is usually an appendix at the back of the book5the whole family was grateful for the son's survival in the earthquake6having swallowed those pills，the patient felt much better拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1legal adj合法的illegal adj不合法的；违法的2survive vt& vi幸存；幸免于难survival n幸存3m

20、ale adj男性的；雄性的 n男人；雄性动(植)物female adj女性的；雌性的 n女人；雌性动(植)物4embarrass vt使尴尬；使窘迫；使不安embarrassing adj令人不安的；让人难堪的；令人尴尬的embarrassment n尴尬；难堪embarrassed adj尴尬的；陷入困境的补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1at risk处境危险；遭受危险2in spite of 不顾；不管3out of breath 上气不接下气4get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)5take risks/a risk 冒险6make up one's mind 下定决心选词填空选

21、用上述短语的适当形式填空1in spite of the bad weather，we went fishing yesterday2i ran all the way to the theater and was out of breath3i have many facts to think about before i make up my mind4the girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1you can have hiv in your blood for

22、 a long time，but eventually hiv will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease在你的血液中，hiv病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于你的身体再不能抗衡疾病。sothat引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”he spoke so loudly that everyone in the room heard him他说话如此大声以至于房间里的每个人都能听到。2do not share anything else that a

23、person has used while injecting drugs在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他任何东西。while后接分词短语构成省略句，省略了主语和be动词。people can enjoy the moon while eating moon cakes，which are the special food for this festival人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。3it is only when the disease has progressed to aids that a person begins to look sick只有当这种病

24、毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。强调句型it isthatas for presents，it is the thought that counts rather than how much it costs至于礼物，重要的是心意而不是花钱多少。 in spite of不顾；不管；尽管(教材p20)in spite of all his efforts he failed尽管他很努力还是失败了。不管；不顾虽然；尽管to be honest，in spite of my good preparation，i felt a little nervous when i was entering t

25、he exam room说实话，尽管我准备得很充分，但是当我走进考场的时候还是有些紧张。i studied very hard at english in spite of the fact that i didn't pass the examination i studied very hard at english although/though i didn't pass the examination尽管那次考试我没有及格，我依然努力地学习英语。we went out in spite of/despite the rain we went out although/

26、though it was raining尽管下着雨，我们还是出去了。 take risks/take a risk冒险(教材p20)he felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks他觉得每一步他都不得不下定决心而不是冒险。(1)at risk处于危险之中at all risksat any risk 无论冒什么风险at the risk of 冒的危险take/run the risk of doing sth冒险做某事；冒做某事的危险/风险put one's life at risk 冒

27、生命危险(2)risk doing sth 冒险做某事risk one's life to do sth 冒着生命危险做某事as with all diseases，certain groups will be more at risk than others所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。i didn't want to take/run the risk of leaving(leave) john alone我不想冒险把约翰单独留下。he worked hard，for he couldn't risk losing(lose) the goo

28、d job he worked hard，for he couldn't take/run the risk of losing the good job他工作努力，因为他不想冒失去这么好的工作的风险。he jumped into the river at the risk of losing his life他冒着生命危险跳进了河里。 get into染上(坏习惯)；陷入(教材p20)of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place!当然对付这

29、些毒品最好的方法就是从一开始就不应该染上这种习惯！get across通过；被传达；被理解get over 克服；从中恢复过来get through 接通；完成；通过get away with 干而不受惩罚get along/on with 进展；相处this mistake may get him into difficulties这一错误将使他陷入困境。don't attempt to cheatyou'll never get away with it别想着作弊对作弊者会严惩不贷。a smile can help us get through difficult situ

30、ations and find friends in a world of strangers微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人中找到朋友。the business is getting along/on very well生意进行得很不错。 judgement(judgment) n看法；判决；判断(教材p23)before you read this text，what judgements did you make about people with hiv/aids?在你阅读本篇文章之前，你对感染人体免疫缺损病毒/艾滋病的人有什么评价？(1)in one's judgement

31、在看来 make a judgement/judgements about/of/on 对作出判断 (2)judge n 法官；裁判 v 断定；判断；审判 judgeby 根据对作出判断judging from/by 根据判断in my judgement，we should do it在我看来，我们应该做这件事。he refused to make a judgement about the situation他拒绝对形势作出判断。judging(judge) from his words，i could tell that he was honest根据他的话判断，我知道他是诚实的。名师点

32、津judging from/by置于句首作状语，v­ing形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还有：generally speaking一般来说；considering考虑到。 embarrassed adj尴尬的；陷入困境的；窘迫的(教材p24)then she offered me a cigarette and i felt so embarrassed and awkward然后，她递给我一支烟，我感到如此难为情和尴尬。(1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth对做某事感到尴尬be/feel embarrassed about/at sth 对感

33、到难为情/不知所措(2)embarrass vt 使难堪；使局促不安embarrassing adj 令人难堪的embarrassment n 难堪；困窘i felt so embarrassed about my mistake我为自己的错误感到难为情。he was embarrassed to admit (admit) making a mistake他很尴尬地承认犯了一个错误。his speech was followed by an embarrassing(embarrass) silence他的讲话过后是一阵令人尴尬的沉默。much to his embarrassment (e

34、mbarrass)，the captain made a duck in each innings队长在每一次击球时都是零分，这让他太难堪了。语境助记i hoped he would stop asking awkward questions which really made me embarrassed on such a formal occasionmy face had already turned red with embarrassment在如此正式的场合，我希望他停止问这些让我尴尬不安的棘手问题。我早已经窘迫地脸都红了。 (教材p22) you can have hiv in

35、your blood for a long time，but eventually hiv will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease在你的血液中，hiv病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于你的身体再不能抗衡疾病。【要点提炼】sothat引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。(1)sothat引导结果状语从句的常见句型如下：so adj/advthatso adja/an可数名词单数thatso many/much/few/little名词that(2

36、)suchthat也可以引导结果状语从句，句型如下：such a/an adj可数名词单数thatsuch adj复数名词或不可数名词thathe was so worried that sweat began to pour down his face他很着急，汗水沿着他的面颊直淌下来。there were so many cars in the street that i couldn't get through路上的车很多以至于我过不去。it is such fine weather that i have decided to go outing with my friends

37、天气真好，我决定和朋友们去郊游。it is so interesting a book that all the children are fond of itit is such an interesting book that all the children are fond of itso interesting a book is it that all the children are fond of it(so置于句首倒装)这是一本非常有趣的书，以至于所有的孩子都喜欢它。 (教材p22)do not share anything else that a person has us

38、ed while injecting drugs在注射药物时，不得共用患者所用的其他任何东西。【要点提炼】while injecting drugs 相当于while you are injecting drugs，为状语从句的省略。省略状语从句的条件when，while，before，after，unless，as if等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it状语从句谓语中含有be动词状语从句的省略成分省略从句中的主语和be动词in class，we'd better try hard to follow our teacher as much as possible

39、 while(we are)taking notes上课记笔记时，我们最好紧跟着老师(讲课)的步骤。whenever(it is)possible，they would stop him and ask him the three questions只要有可能，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。名师点津省略句中的谓语动词和主语构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示尚未发生，则使用不定式。when surfing(surf) on the internet，i found the news当上网时，我发现了这条消息。when asked(ask)about the secret of his success，he said that he owed much of his success and happines