Book IV Unit 10From Composer toInterpreter to Listener

1、Unit 10 From Composer to Interpreter to ListenerLanguage points1. compose vt.vi. write (music, opera etc)写，创作; (fml) form (a whole); constitute, make up构成，组成; bring oneself/sth under control; calm使安定，镇静: to compose a poem/a song/music /She began to compose (songs) at an early age./the short scenes t

2、hat compose the play组成该剧的各场/ Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen./Please compose yourself; theres no need to get excited!/ a composed person, manner, look镇静的人、态度、表情 /composer n. person who composes (esp. music) 创作者/ composition n.: play a piano tune of ones own composition作品，作文2. sculpture U. a

3、rt of making figures, objects, etc by carving wood or stone, shaping clay, making metal casts(塑件，模子), etc雕塑，雕刻; C. a work or works make in this way雕塑品; vt. to make representations in stone, wood, metal, etc by carving or modeling: the techniques of sculpture in stone / a sculpture of Venus维纳斯雕像/ mak

4、e sculptures/ sculpture a stature out of stone/sculpture the clay into a vase用黏土做成花瓶/ sculptor n. an artist who sculptures / to carve a figure from marble (大理石) / to carve out a career for oneself 3. exterior a. （attribute定语）on or coming from the outside; outer外部的，外表的; n.（sing.）outside, outward aspe

5、ct or appearance外表，外部: paint the exterior walls of a house/ The exterior of the building is very unattractive. / a gentle man with a rough exterior / interior n. inner part; inside内部，里面: the interior of a house/ a house with a classical exterior a modern interior外表古色古香而内部装饰现代化的房子/the interior: domes

6、tic affairs of a country/ the Department of the Interior (UK)内政部/ external a. / internal a. 4. quintessence n. (sing.) the quintessence of sth: (formal) the perfect example of sth典范，范例: It was the quintessence of an English manor house.典型的英式庄园宅第。/ quintessential a. 典型的：He was the quintessential toug

7、h guy.典型的硬汉。5. embody vt. express or give visible form to ideas/feelings体现，使具体化; include包含: To me he embodies all the best qualities of a teacher. / The latest design embodies many new features. / embodiment n. person or thing that embodies sth or is embodied体现，化身: She is the embodiment of kindness.

8、 6. case C. instance or example of the occurrence of sth事例，实例，情形: Its a clear case of blackmail! 这显然是敲诈！/the case: (sing.) actual state of affairs; situation实情，情况: Is it the case (ie Is it true) that the companys sales have dropped?/ No, thats not the case: not true./ If thats the case: it that is t

9、rue./ I cant make an exception in your case. / a case in point: 例证/ in case: if it should happen万一/ in case of: in the event of在情形下/ in the case of: in the example of / in that case 既然那样7. streak C. thin, long, irregular line or band条纹，斑纹，线条; element or trace (in a persons character)些微特点、特征: streaks

10、 of lean and fat (in meat)肉的肥瘦条纹; to mark with lines: like a streak of lighting: very fast很快/ a streak of : a trace/touch of少许: There is a streak of vanity/cruelty in his character. / vt. (esp. passive) be streaked with: mark sth with streaks在上加上条纹; (informal) move very fast in the specified directi

11、on飞快地移动; run through a public place with no clothes on, in order to shock or amuse people裸奔: have ones hair streaked 把头发染成一缕缕不同的颜色/ The white marble is streaked with brown: marked with brown lines.带褐色条纹的白色大理石。/ The children streaked off (down the street) as fast as they could. 拼命飞跑。/ streaker n. per

12、son who streaks 裸奔者8. frail a. physically weak, delicate体弱的，虚弱的; easily broken, fragile易破损的; morally weak道德观念薄弱的: a frail child/happiness/At 90, shes getting very old and frail./Careful: that chair is rather frail!/ frail human nature易堕落的人性/ frailty U. physical weakness（身体）虚弱; C. pl. weakness in cha

13、racter or morals; fault or imperfection（性格）软弱；（道德观念）薄弱; 错误: the frailty of human life/marriage: easily destroyed/ He loves her in spite of her little frailties。/fragile a. easily injured, broken or destroyed易破损的: a fragile china/health/happiness9. epoch n. beginning of a period of time in history, l

14、ife, the history of the earth, etc, esp. one marked by notable events or characteristics 纪元, 时代, 时期: Einsteins theory marked a new epoch in mathematics./ epoch-making a. important and remarkable enough to change the course of history and begin a new epoch划时代的: the epoch-making discovery of America/

15、I told him his idea was not exactly epoch-making.10. inevitable a. that you cannot avoid or prevent不可避免的: It was inevitable that there would be job losses. 裁员已不可避免。/ A rise in the interest rates seems inevitable.提高利率/ inevitably adv. as is certain to happen不可避免地，必然地: Inevitably, the press exaggerate

16、d the story.11. combine vi. vt. combine sth with sth; combine A and B (together): Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. = Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. / Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently. 用文火加热/ The German team scored a combined total of 652 points

17、.综合得分12. correspond vt. correspond (with sth): be in harmony, accord with, exchange letters with sb.相一致，相符合: His actions do not correspond with his words./ correspond (to sth): be equal/equivalent/similar to与相似的，相当的: His expenses do not correspond to his income./ The American Congress corresponds to

18、 the British Parliament./ correspond (with sb): exchange letters通信 /corresponding a. 相符的，相当的，通信的: Imports in the first three months have increased by 10% compared with the corresponding period last year. 与去年同期相比/ correspondence U./C.: agreement, similarity, letter-writing一致，相似，通信: There is not much

19、correspondence between their ideals and ours./ I have been in correspondence with him recently./commercial correspondence 商业信函/correspondent n. newspaper reporter记者13. mature vt. vi. come or bring to full development（使）成熟; a. fully grown or developed成熟的: His character matured these years. = These ye

20、ars matured his characters./ Boys mature more slowly than girls./ My plans gradually matured. / a mature plan: well-considered/ write mature English: very good English / maturity n. 成熟，到期: pay at maturity 到期付款 cash on delivery 货到付款14. apply vi. apply to do sth/ apply (to sb/a company) for a job: ask

21、 for申请 / apply to sth: having a bearing on, concern适用于/ apply sth to sth: make practical use of应用于/ apply oneself/ones mind to sth: concentrate on: apply to the Consul(领事) for a visa/ apply to be sent overseas/abroad/ to apply a theory to practice/ apply oneself/ones mind to ones work/ This rule app

22、lies to freshmen only./ applicant n. person who asks for a position/job / application U./C.: The manager receives 20 applications for the position: requests./ application form: to be filled in by applicants15. conception U.C. conception (of sth); conception (that.): an understanding or a belief of w

23、hat sth is or what sth should be理解: He has no conception of how difficult life is if you are unemployed.不懂得/ misconception U.C. misconception (about sth): a belief or an idea that is not based on correct information, or that is not understood by people误解: A popular misconception is that the British

24、have milk and bread for breakfast. 16. turn sth/sb over to sb: give the control or conduct of sth/sb to sb移交: Hes turned over his business/management of his affairs to his successor.17. mercy n. 仁慈: show mercy to sb / have mercy/pity on sb / at the mercy of: in the power of, without defense against:

25、 The ship was at the mercy of the waves. / Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice, “Now, Im at your mercy”./ mercy killing: (euthanasia)安乐死18. lay a. (attribute 定语) non-professional, not having expert knowledge of a subject外行的: a lay person/ lay opinion: what non-professional people

26、think/ To the lay mind the language of a lawyer seems to be full of jargon(术语)./ layman n. person who does not have an expert knowledge of a subject外行，门外汉/ Where the law is concerned I am only a layman.19. room U. space: Theres no room for doubt: We can be quite certain about it.20. assimilate vi. v

27、t. absorb food into the body after digestion or absorb ideas in the mind 消化，吸收; allow people to become part of another social group or state同化: We assimilate some kinds of food more easily. = Some foods assimilate/ are assimilated more easily than others./ The USA has assimilated people from many co

28、untries: has absorbed them so that they are Americans./ 21. elucidate vt. (fml) make sth clearer by explaining it more fully阐明，解释: to elucidate a point of grammar/ I will try to elucidate what I think the problems are./ elucidation U.C.: explanation 阐明: Their objectives and methods require more eluc

29、idation.22. leeway U. the amount of freedom that you have to change sth or to do sth in the way you want to自由活动的空间: How much leeway should parents give their children?23. I have/People make many demands on my time: I am expected to do many things./ There is a great demand for typists/ a poor demand/

30、 not much demand for clerks.24. confront vt. bring face to face with sth unpleasant使面对、正视: When confronted with the evidence of his guilt, he confessed at once./ A soldier has to confront danger./ the problems confronting us/ Confronted by an angry crowd the police retreated. / confrontation C. U. a

31、ngry opposition对抗: a confrontation between the government and the unions 25. overlook vt. have or give a view of a place from above俯瞰; fail to see or notice未看到、未注意到; take no official notice of, ignore忽视，忽略，不理会: From dcmy study window I overlook the bay(海湾). / My room overlooks the sea. / Our garden

32、is overlooked by our neighbors./ to overlook a spelling error / His services have been overlooked by his employers: They have not properly rewarded him. / She overlooked his rudeness and tried to pretend nothing have happened.26. tempo n. the speed or rhythm of a piece of music （乐曲的）速度，拍子，节奏; the sp

33、eed of any movement or activity，pace（活动的）速度，节奏: a slow/fast tempo / the increasing tempo of life in modern society / Dont let the other team dictate the tempo of the game控制比赛的节奏27. dynamics n. the way in which people or things behave or react to each other相互作用的方式，动态; 动力学: group dynamics: the way in

34、which members of a group react to each other成员的互动 / dynamic adj. (of a person) forceful, having a lot of energy充满活力的; (of a process) always changing and making progress动态的，发展变化的: dynamic personality / 28. stray v. move away from迷路，偏离; begin to think about or discuss a different subject from the orig

35、inal one离题: Her parents fear that, living in this neighborhood, she might stray into the wrong company.误入歧途，交上怀朋友。/ We seem to be straying from the main theme of the debate.29. static a. not moving, changing or developing 静止的，静态的，停滞的: The balance sheet (资产负债表) provides a static picture of the financ

36、ial position at a point in time./ Prices on the stock market, which have been static, are now rising again.30. in a good, bad, etc light: If you see sth in a good, bad light, it seems good, bad. 从好、坏的角度: You must not view things in a negative light. 不要从负面的角度来看。/ They want to present their policies i

37、n the best possible light.从尽可能好的方面来介绍他们的政策。/ in (the) light of sth: after considering sth考虑到，鉴于31. derive sth from sth: (formal) obtain sth from sth得到，获取; have sth. as a starting point, source, origin; originate from源自，源于: to derive great pleasure from ones studies / Thousands of English words deriv

38、e from/are derived from Latin./ derivation U.C. development or origin (esp. of words)发展，起源，（词语）派生: the derivation of words from Latin / a word of French derivation / give the derivations of words/ deprive vt. 剥夺: deprive sth/sb of: take away from: The tree deprives the house of light.32. refract vt. 使折射: Light is refracted when it enters/passes through a prism(棱镜).33. self-evident a. 不言自明的：Thomas Jefferson (US 3rd President) wrote in the Declaration of Indipendence, “We hold these truths to be self-evident