商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

1、商务英语专业四级考试术语解释 1. global compa ny :跨国公司 -a company that integrates its international biz activities 一 A mult in ati onal corporatio n or mult in ati onal en terprise is an orga nizatio n, that owned or con trols product ions of goods or services in one or more coun tries other tha n the home country

2、. （维基百科） 2. joi nt ve nture :合资企业 -a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities. -a bus in ess or project in which two or more compa nies or in dividuals have inv ested, with the inten ti on of worki ng together. （柯林斯词典） 3. merger & acquisiti on

3、:并购 -comb ining of two or more en tities through the direct acquisiti on by the net assets of the other. -tra nsact ions in which the own ership of compa ni es, other bus in ess orga ni zatio ns or their operati ng un its are tran sferred or comb in ed. 4. distribution channel:分销渠道；销售渠道 -all the org

4、a ni zati ons and people invo Ived in the physical moveme nt of goods and services from producer to con sumer. 5. listed compa ny :上市公司 -a compa ny whose shares have bee n quoted by the Stock Excha nge. -A public compa ny, publicly traded compa ny, publicly held compa ny, publicly listed company, or

5、 public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets场外交易市场.（维基百科） 6. I ndustrial complex :工业生产基地 -a manu facturi ng area that con sists of many differe nt factorie

6、s turni ng out differe nt products. 7. brand recognition :品牌认知（度）；品牌识别 -a product or products that has or have bee n recog ni zed and appreciated by local con sumers. 8. specialty shop :专卖店 -an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products. 9. household name 家喻户晓的名字 -a brand, pers on,

7、compa ny, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place. 10. loss-maker :亏损企业 -a biz that continually makes no profit. 11. home country :祖国，母国 -the country on which a mult in ati onal corporati on HQs is based. 12. quota :配额，定额，限额 -a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular prod

8、uct that a country impose. 13. market economy :市场经济 -an economy in which the market is used to determ ine resource allocati on, prices, and in vestme nts. 14. new economy :新经济 -a differe nt form of economy that is mai nly supported by IT sector and characterized by kno wledge-based economy in stead

9、of manu facturi ng. -an econo mic system that is based on computers and moder n tech no logy, and is therefore depe ndent on educated workers.（朗文词典） 15. labor force :劳动力 -all of the people in a country or in a regi on that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future. 16. bubble economy :

10、 -an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient 短暂的 operation. 17. venture capital :风险资本 -funds that are inv ested in new pla nts or hi-tech startups ope n to large risk of loss. -Ve nture capital is capital that is in vested in projects that have a high risk of

11、failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典） 18. biz cycle :商业周期 -A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages-boom 繁荣, recessi on 衰退,depressi on 萧条,recovery 复苏. 19. stock market :股票交易；证券市场，股票市场 -a stock excha nge that deals in stocks and shares. -the

12、 bus in ess of buying and selli ng stocks and shares. -a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold.（朗文词典） 20. product life cycle :产品生命周期 -a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction 投入期,growth 成长期,maturity 饱和期 and decline

13、 衰 退期 21. Seed mon ey=seed capita 启动资金 -the initial equity capital 股本 used to start a new venture or biz. -the money you have available to start a new bus in ess.（朗文词典） 22. liquidity 流动资产 -available cash or the capacity to obta in it on dema nd. -In finance, a companys liquidity is the amount of cas

14、h or liquid assets it has easily available.资产折现力 23. excha nge rate 汇率 -the amount of one curre ncy that can be bought with ano ther. -the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。 24. mult in ati onal compa ny 跨国公司 -a very large organization that owns companies in

15、more than one country in order to obta in low-cost raw materials and make efficie nt use of a local workforce. 25. money market 货币市场，金融市场 -the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and en trepre neurs. -A coun trys money market con sists of all the bank

16、s and other orga ni zati ons that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange.（柯林斯词典） -all the banks and other in stituti ons that buy, sell, le nd, or borrow mon ey, especially foreig n mon ey, for profit.（朗文词典） 26. collateral 担保物，抵押品 -property or an item of value acceptable as securi

17、ty 抵押品 for a loan or other obligati on.被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产 -property or other goods that you promise to give some one if you cannot pay back the money they lend you.（朗文词典） 27. Dow-Jo nes In dustrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数 -an in dex of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Excha nge for a group of

18、30 lead ing in dustrial compa ni es. 28. Blue chip 蓝筹股，优质股票 -a stock that sells at high price because of public con fide nce in its long record of steady earnin gs. 29. Nasdaq :纳斯达克 -national association of securities dealers automated quotations 全国证券交易商自 动报价系统协会 -The Nasdaq Stock Market is an Ameri

19、ca n stock excha nge. It is the sec on d-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所 located in the same city.（维基百科） 30. （in sura nee） policy 保险单 -the prin ted legal docume nt stati ng the terms of in sura nee con tract that is issued to th

20、e policy holder 投保人 by company 31. public relatio ns 公共关系，公关 -PR, the activity of keep ing good relati on ships betwee n an orga ni zati on and the people outside it. 32. depressi on :萧条，不景气 -a period of drastic decli ne in a n ati onal or intern ati onal economy, characterized by decreas ing biz ac

21、tivity, falli ng prices, and un employme nt.国家（或国际）经济不景 气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。 33. Trade deficit 贸易赤字 -imports minus exports of goods and services. 34. Speculation 投机 -en gageme nts in risky biz tran sact ions on the cha nces of quick or con siderable profit 35. Value added tax 增值税 -a n in direc

22、t tax imposed on con sumpti on that is reflective of the in creme ntal 增值 的 in creases on the value of goods through the cha in of product ion, from the raw material phase to fin al co nsumptio n.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品 从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。 36. Fair trade 公平贸易 -trade that con forms to a fair-trade ag

23、reeme nt 37. Subsidy 补贴 -a payment or contribution paid for the manufacture, production, or export of a good or product. -finan cial ben efit direct or in direct from gover nment to producers or exporters. 38. Rebate 减税，折扣 -a deducti on from an amount to be paid or a retur n of part of an amount giv

24、e n in payme nt. 39. tax exempti on 免税 -the freedom for hav ing to pay tax 40. FDI 外国直接投资 -the funds committed to a foreign enterprise. An investor who buys 10 percent or more of the controlling shares of a foreign enterprise makes a direct investment. The investor may gain partial or total control

25、of the enterprise. 41. free trade 自由贸易 -trade between nations without protective customs tariff. 42. tariff 关税 -duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. 43. globalization 全球化 -the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that attracte

26、d special attention in the late 1990s. 44. anti-dumping duty 反倾销税 -tariff levied on dumped imports. 45. trade barrier 贸易壁垒 -any barrier that may impede the import of goods, such as quota, testing or certification. 46. import substitution 进口替代 -a strategy which emphasizes the replacement of imports w

27、ith domestically made goods, rather than the production of goods for export, to encourage the development of domestic industry. 47. arbitration 仲裁 -the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or a group appointed by mutual consent or

28、statutory provision （指定条款） 48. balance sheet 资产负债表 , 缩写 B.S. -a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、 负债和所有者投资的列表说 明。 49. return 收益 -a profit or yield, as from labor or investment. 50. cash flow 现金流 -The cash receipts or net inco

29、me from one or more assets for a given period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of corporate worth. 现金流出量： 在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产， 扣除税收和其它支付金 额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值 51. labor-intensive 劳动密集型 -requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to cap

30、ital 52. net earnings 净收益，净盈利 -the net profit after all costs and expenses have been deducted. 53. productivity 生产力 -the rate at which goods or services are produced, especially output per unit of labor. 54. market share 市场份额 -the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company

31、captures. 55. workforce 劳动力 , 工人总数 : the group of people who work in an industry, company, country. 56. income disparity : inequality in income distribution. 57. equity 资产，股本 : common stock 普通股 and preferred stock 优先股 which represent ownership to a biz organization 58. outsource 外协生产 : to farm out 包

32、出 (work, for example) to an outside provider or manufacturer in order to cut cost. 外界供应：为缩减开支而把(如工作) 包给外界的供应者或生产者 59. lead time 订货至交货的时间 -the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them. 60. acquisition 收购 -when a company takes over another one and clear

33、ly becomes the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition, also called takeover or buyout. 61. initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行 -private companys first offer of its stock to the public 62. merger 合并 -the union or combination of two or more commercial interests or corporations. 63. liquidit

34、y squeeze 流动性短缺，头寸紧张 -financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins. - a reduction in the general availability of loans （or credit） or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks. （维基百科） 64. reverse merger 借壳上市） -it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-l