建筑热湿环境综述

1、1234对流换热对流换热(对流质交换对流质交换)辐射辐射导热导热(水水蒸汽蒸汽渗透渗透)5670.8可见光可见光近红外线近红外线长波红外线长波红外线普通玻璃的光谱透射率普通玻璃的光谱透射率8910(1-r) ao1r(1-r)A(1-r) (1-ao)(1-r)(1-ao) r(1-r) 2(1-ao)(1-r)(1-ao)2 r(1-r)2(1-ao)2 rBC(1-r)(1-ao)4 r3(1-r)2(1-ao)4 r3(1-ao)4(1-r) r4(1-r)(1-ao)3 r3ao(1-r)(1-ao)2 r2(1-r)(1-ao)3r2(1-r)2(1-ao)3r2(1-r)(1-ao

2、)3r3DE(1-r)(1-ao)2 r2ao(1-r)(1-ao) r ao)exp(10KLa 11121314outLoutairzQaItt outairzaItt 1516)(444gggskyskywggskywLTxTxTxxQ 17181920 xtxxaxtxat )()(22 0,|)(), 0()( xoutlwsoloutaoutxtxQQtt xshwjimjijijinainxtxQTTxtt|)()()()(),(441,21x=0 x= Qenv0|)(), 0()( xzoutxtxtt xcondwallxtxQ|)(,222324 xcondwallxtx

3、Q|)(,25262728 mjinajjrinshwxcondwallwallwallttttQxtxQHGQ1,2,22,)()(),(),(|)()( 2930)(,windwind,inaoutacondwindttFKHG 31323334353637反射反射对流对流透过透过对流对流透过透过反射反射38hfloor n pw2ndpw1ohstory n dinternal cavityblindsexternal cavityfloor double glassoutside single glass394041长波长波辐射辐射导热和导热和自然对自然对流换热流换热长波辐射长波辐射室

4、内表面室内表面对玻璃的对玻璃的长波辐射长波辐射42difglassdifDiglassDiglassIIHG, )(,difdifDiDiinoutoutaglassaIaIRRRHG 43windwindnsdifsDisolwindFXCCSSGXSSGHG)(, 44windglassnsdifsDiinoutawindsolwindcondwindwindFXCCSSGXSSGttKHGHGHG)()()()()()()(, 4546 outaviiinvK 111147饱和水蒸汽分压力饱和水蒸汽分压力温度温度实际水蒸汽分压力实际水蒸汽分压力48495051525354555657蓄热

5、量需除去的蓄热量实际冷负荷照明得热量热量瞬时得热量瞬时冷负荷需除去的蓄热量蓄热量585960616263twalliltwindtwallHradconvsclQHGHGHGHGHEHEQ inf,64niNjinajsfxijriinttrnsolwindtshwHtwallttttHGHGQ)(|1, 2, 2*,窗太阳透过窗太阳透过热源短波辐射热源短波辐射室内辐射导致室内辐射导致墙体温升墙体温升内表面间长波内表面间长波辐射项辐射项65asclatwalliltwindowtwallHQQQQHGHGHGHGHE ,inf niicondwalliltwindHLilLHtwalltwal

6、lSiltwindSHLSLclsclclQHGHGHGHGHGQHGHGHGHGHGHGQQQ,inf,inf,inf,66xtxxaxtxat )()(22)(),(|),(|),(,xfxtxtQQttxtttxshwlwinainxoutaout 000 )()(441 jimjijijlwTTxQ 67当量温差法谐波反应法谐波分解法冷负荷系数法冷负荷温差法反应系数法负荷计算法1946. USA1950s. USSR1967. Canada686970-15-10-505101520253035024681012141618202224夏季室内控制温度夏季室外气温冬季室内控制温度冬季室

7、外气温温度()夏季t冬季t时间26261828.628.69717273G(s)Input(s)Output(s)系统系统Input( )Output( )()()()()(00sIsOdeIdeOsGss 74757677-5-55 515152525353545450 01440144028802880 43204320 5760576072007200 86408640温度( )温度( )时间时间(h)78-5-55 515152525353545450 014401440 28802880 43204320 57605760 72007200 8640864016.9-200200144028804320576072008640-7.507.5050100150798081 00.20.40.60.81123456789 10 11 12 13时间(时)热量比例得热负荷8200.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91