新目标现在完成时态讲解及练习

1、学习好资料欢迎下载九年级（1）班现在完成时态的复习篇姓名：现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语 +have/has+过去分词（done） 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的”完成用法”现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（

2、动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 灯现在不亮了。）I have spent all of my money.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了 .）Jane has laid the table.（含义是：现在桌子已经摆好了.）2）现在完成时的"未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动 词要用持续性动词。常与for（ +时间段）,sinee（ +时间点）连用.Mary has bee n ill for three days.Mary has bee n ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间

3、连用，（如表示过去的时间状语）女口 yesterday（m orning、after noon） ,last（m orning、after noon）等，除非与 for, since 连用. 2现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如 already （肯定）,yet （否定，疑问）,just, before, recently, still, lately 等:He has already obta ined a scholarship.I have n't see n much of him recen tly （lately）.We have see n that fil

4、m before.Have they found the miss ing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，女口 ever, never, twice, several times 等:Have you ever bee n to Beiji ngI have n ever heard Bunny say anything aga inst her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gen tlema n several times.4. 现

5、在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，女口 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present（now）, so far 等: Peter has writte n six papers so far.Up to the prese nt everyth ing has bee n successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6. have been to 禾口 have gone t

6、o 的区另Uhave been to强调 去过”现已不在那里，如：He has bee n to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去 到美国”，现在已不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是 去了”现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Where's your mother?-你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去医院了。has bee n in 一直在某地三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：一、考查其构成学习好资料欢迎下载"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词

7、”构成现在完成时。如：1. Kate's n ever see n Chin ese films， ? A. has n't she B. has she C. is n't she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him.(改为否定句 )His uncleposted the photos to him.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填has

8、 n't, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shan ghai. -Soher pare nts. A. has B. had C. did D. have析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后 句的主语为her parents是复数，故选D。二、考查其用法与标志词(一) 当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -youyour homework

9、 yet?A. Do; fin ishB. Are; fin ishi ng C. Did; fin ishD. Have; fini shed2. -youany where before? -Yes, but I can't remember where IA. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知，应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。(二) 当句中有"for +段时间”或"si

10、nee +点时间”等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：1. His brother has bee n to Stone Forest twicehe came to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选Co2. Tomthe CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不

11、与表”段时间”的短语连用，故选 D。3. Ia letter from him since he left.A. did n't receive B. have n't got C. did n't haveD. have n't heard析：据 since可知，应排除 A、C, "hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到 某人的来信”，故选B。三、考查 have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：1. -Have

12、 you everLintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.A. went to B. gone to C. bee n in D. bee n to析：据句中的have，排除A , B项意为"去某地了 ”，C项意为"一直呆在某地”，D项意为” 去过某地”，符合题意，故选 D。2. My pare ntsShangdong for ten years.A. have bee n in B. have bee n to C. have gone to D. have bee n析：本题句中有"for+

13、段时间"结构，据此可排除 C, B项意为"去过某地”，不合题意，D项 缺介词，故选A。4. 表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和 表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. xThe old man has died for 4 mon ths.xThey have left only for 5 minu tes.x以上三句话可以改为：He has bee n here for 2 weeks.

14、The old man hasfor 4 mon ths.They haveonly for 5 minu tes常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、go be away 2、come be here3、come back be back4、leave be away (be not here) 5、buy have6、borrow keep 7、diebe dead、8、beginbe on9、finish be over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 、12、losebe lost 13、get to know know 14、turn on be on

15、 15、get upbeup16、sit down sit/beseated 17、join be in 或 be a member 18、become be学习好资料欢迎下载.(2)用it issi nee结构来替换瞬间动词 例如：电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)(1) The film has been on for five minutes.(2) It ' s five minutes since the film began.他离开上海已有 3天了。(两种方法)(1) He has been away from Shanghai for three days.(2) It

16、is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)It ' s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？(一种方法)How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I haven ' t seen you for a long time.好久没见到你了。)Exercise:Fill in the blanks with the proper

17、 form.I. 1already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fin ish) his work today? Not yet.3. My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where ' s Li Ming ? He(go)to the teacher' s office.5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. Ho

18、w longthe Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. Ijust(fin ish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your scie nee book yet?II. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The stude nts(read) En glish whe n the teacher came in.13. Look! The mon key(climb) the tree.14. M

19、y mother(come) to see me n ext Sun day.15. I've lost my pen.you(see) it any where?Ask the questions16) I have bee n there for two days.you?17) My father has lived here since 2000.your father?18) He left here yesterday.he?19) They bought a book two hours ago.theya book?Use never, ever, already, j

20、ust, yet, for, since" to fill in the blanks.20. I havesee n him before, so I have no idea about him.21. Jack hasfini shed his homework.22. Mr. Wang has taught in this schoolten years.23. “ Have youseen the film?”“ No, I haveseen it.24. “ Has the bus left?”“ Yes, it has left用适当的时态填空：25.She '

21、 s(live) here ever since she was ten.26. Both of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days.27. Both of them(come) to Hongkong ten days ago.28. Half an hour(pass) si nee the train(leave).29. Mary(lose) her pen.you(see) it here and there?30. you(find) your watch yet?31. -Are you thirsty? -No Iust(have) some o

22、ran ge.32. We - already(return) the book.学习好资料欢迎下载33. they(build) a new school in the village?34. I(n ot fini sh) my homework . Can you help me?35. My father(read) the novel twice.36. I(buy) a book just now.37. I(lost ) my watch yesterday.38. My father(read) this book since yesterday.39 The shop clo

23、sed two hours ago. The shop for40 The door ope ned at six in the mornin g.The doorfor six hours.过去完成时过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在过去的过去”。基本结构主语+had+过去分词 done1 When I retur ned home, he(leave).2 By ten yesterday evening, she(fini sh)writi ng.3 He(study) En glish for f

24、ive years before he came here.4 It(stop) raining whe n I wake up this morning.5 I(not read) the book because I had read it before.6 She said she(be) born in 1992.7 When he(come) to Chi na two years ago he found people did n'tun dersta nd him atall though he(lear n) some Chin ese in his own coun try.8 I