【精品】高中英语（人教大纲）第二册上：Unit4 A garden of poems(备课资料)

1、Reference for TeachingI异域风情 1. The First English Dictionary In 1747, some booksellers asked Johnson to compile a dictionary of the English language. It took him eight years to finish this enormous work, and in 1755 his“Dictionary” was published. Some of the definitions in the dictionary are often qu

2、oted to illustrate johnsons personality or prejudice, as“Oats, n. a grain, which in England is generally given to horses, but in Scotland supports the people”. But the dictionary as a whole was a great work of scholarship. Johnson's purpose was to make a dictionary “by means of which the pronunc

3、iation of our language (i.e. English)may be fixed, and its attainment facilitated; by which its purity may be preserved, its use ascertained and its duration lengthened”. Though the dictionary has long been displaced by later ones, it marked an epoch in the study and development of the English langu

4、age. His “Dictionary” also marked the end of English writers' reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support. In 1747, Johnson had addressed his plan for the dictionary to Lord Chesterfield, a distinguished “patron of literature”. During the seven long years of Johnson's labouring on the

5、dictionary, Lord Chesterfield had offered neither aid nor encouragement to the poor lexicographer. But on the eve of the publication of the work, the nobleman wrote two papers for “The World”, a periodical of the day, praising the dictionary and expecting that Johnson would now dedicate the work to

6、him. Johnson thought that “all was false and hollow”, scorned the honeyed words, and wrote a letter to Lord Chesterfield, saying: “When I had once addressed your Lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncouthly scholar can possess Is not a Patron, my Lord, on

7、e who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice, which you have been pleased to take of my labour, had it been earlier, had been kind; but it has been delayed until I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till

8、I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known and do not court it. ” This letter is the writers' declaration of independence, signifying the opening of a new era in the development of literature. 2. Multicultural Britain Immediately after the Second World War, Britain looked like a prospe

9、rous and friendly country for an immigrant worker. All Commonwealth citizens were free to enter the country and look for work, which was plentiful. However, since the Immigration Act of1962, Successive governments have introduced regulations to restrict the number of immigrants. It is difficult to g

10、et statistics on race, but the following patterns are clear. The percentage of nonwhites in Britain increased quite rapidly between 1945 and the end of the1970s. At present, more than half the nonwhites in Britain are immigrants, but it will soon be the case that the majority of nonwhites are people

11、 born in Britain. Ethnic minoritie are concentrated in the cities. The percentage of members of ethnic minorties who are unemployed, or in lowgrade jobs, is higher than in the population as a whole. Racial discrimination and poor living conditions have contributed to racial violence, especially in t

12、he day-to-day form of relations between young blacks and the police, or in the more extreme from of inner-city riots. This is despite the Race Relations Act (1976), which was designed to promote equality of opportunity for people of all races.II知识归纳1call up 的用法归纳(1)给打电话（主要是美国用法，英国用法是ring up) On reac

13、hing Beijingshe called up her mother 一到北京她就给她母亲打了电话。 I called Tom up(called up 70m)and told him the news 我给汤姆打了电话，告诉了他这个消息。 (2)征召入伍，调用(后备部队) In most countries，men are called up a the age of eighteen 在大多数国家。男子十八岁就被征召服役。 His brother was called up right at the beginning of war 战争一开始，他哥哥就被征召入伍。 (3)使想起(往

14、事) 7he photo calls up the story omy grandmother。 这幅照片使我想起了我的祖母。 The sound of the birds called up happy memories omy childhood holidays 鸟叫声使我想起我童年时度假的美好回忆 有时表示“叫起床” What time shall I call you up? 我几点叫你起床? The doctor was called up four times last night to attend the case 医生昨晚被叫了四次料理这个病人。 有时可构成合成词。这时是名

15、词。意思是“(服兵役的)征召令、征集令”。 callup age征集年龄 Have you got your callup papers yet? 你接到征召文件了吗? 2get through的用法 get through的意思较多，主要有下列几种； (1)完成(=finish，complete)，做完。办完，看完 Tom gets through plenty of work in the morning 汤姆一上午做了大量的工作。 He got through the novel in one evening 他一晚上看完了这本小说。 (2)通过考试(=pass an exam)，让通过

16、 I get through every subject except biology 除生物外，我通过了所有考试。 The teacher got all his pupils through without difficulty 老师顺利地让所有学生通过了考试。 (3)通过(议案)被通过(of a bill)pass，be through) People began to doubt whether the Bill would get through 人们开始怀疑议案是否能顺利通过。 The new law has got through 新法律已经通过了。 (4)给接通电话，被接通(t

17、o reach someone by telephone) I couldn't get through to your office yesterday afternoon 昨天下午我打不通你办公室的电话。 The operator finally got me through to Mr Smith's number 接线员最后为我接通了史密斯先生的电话。 (5)度过时间用完。吃完(use up) He has got through ￥1000 in less than two months 不到两个月他就把一千元钱花完了。 Jackson got through a b

18、ig plate omeat and vegetable and asked for a second helping 杰克吃完了一大盘烩菜又叫了服务员 We got through the coal too quickly 我们的煤很快就用完了。 (6)穿过，漏进来 7he water gets through every time it rains 每次下雨，水都会漏进来。 He had no idea how such a large animal could get through such a small hole。 他不知道这样一个大动物怎样能穿过这样一个小洞。 (7)到达目的地

19、I started as soon as your message got through，o me。 一接到你的口信我就马上开始了。 If more supplies do not get throughthousands of refugees will die 如果更多的供应物资不能到达，成千上万的难民会死去。 get through to让人听懂让人理解 I can't get(it)through to him that he must rest。 我无法让他明白他得休息。 有时表示“传到” The news finally got through to us 消息最后传到了

20、我们这里。 get through with做完，办完 I'd like to go with you。but I must get through with my homework first 我想和你在一起。但我必须先完成作业。 I don't know how to get through with my work 我不知道如何完成我的工作。 词语辨析 1poem，poetry，poet，poetical (1)poem诗(可数名词) Li Yu wrote some of the best remembered poems 李煜写了一些让人怀念的诗。 an epic p

21、oem史诗 a lyrical poem抒情诗 a satirical poem讽刺诗 a narrative poem叙事诗 a love poem情诗 a rubbish poem打油诗 (2)poetry诗(总称，不可数名词) How do you like his poetry? 你觉得他的诗怎么样? Shakespeare and Milton are masters of English poetry。 莎士比亚和弥尔顿是英国诗歌大师。 (3)poet诗人 Li Bai was a great poet o(our country 李白是我国的伟大诗人。 (4)poetical(也

22、可是poetic，形容词)诗的，带诗意的 Shakespeare's plays are written in poetic form 莎士比亚的剧本是用诗的形式写的。 7he dancer moved with poetic grace 这位舞蹈演员风度优雅。 2。shade，shadow (1)shade荫阴凉处(不可数名词，多和冠词连用) 了he old men sat in the shade of the tall tree 这些老人坐在树阴下面。 What a pleasant shade these trees give us! 这些树给了我们多好的阴凉啊! (2)sha

23、dow影子(可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词) In this picture。the tree is throwing a shadow on the ground 在这张图画中，树在地上投下了个影子 As the sun set，the shadows became larger 随着日落影子越来越大。 By 6：00 pmthis part of the garden is in shadow 到下午六点钟，花园的这一部分就被影子遮住了 另外shade还有遮阳帘、百叶窗、灯罩、眼罩、阳伞之意。 The lamp with the green shade is alight 带绿灯罩的灯亮着

24、。 Pull down the shades of the window， please 请把窗帘放下来。 shade还可表示“色调、颜色细致的区别(如深浅浓淡等)”。 A lighter shade of blue will make the room seen larger 浅蓝色的色调会使房间显得大一些。 The walls were light blue and the door a deeper shade 墙是浅蓝色，而门则是较深的色调。 shadow还有阴影、暗影、阴暗的地方、暗处之意，引申意为“不良的兆头”。 70day the shadow owar hangs heavil

25、y over the Iraqi people 今天战争的阴影在伊拉克人民心头依然如旧。 The shadow of possible invasion hung over the country 被侵略的战争阴影笼罩着全国。 He walked along in the shadows hoping that no one would recognize him 他在阴暗处走，希望没人能看到他。 Lets sit down in the shadow(shade)of that tree 咱们坐在树阴处吧。 .能力训练 根据第一个句子的意思，把第二个句子补充完整： 1Despite its

26、short history, there is a lot of good English poetry around _ _ _its short history，there is a lot of good English poetry around 2Modern English started around the time of Shakespeare Modern English started_ the time of Shakespeare Modern English started_ the time of Shakespeare 3Shakespeare is most famous for his plays. Shakespeare's_ _ _ _ _. 4He didn't come because of