武汉大学真题2007年

1、武汉大学真题 2007 年（ 总分： 100.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 ）一、BPart I Reading Comprehension/B（总题数： 5,分数：40.00）BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on

2、 the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWESRHEETby blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.What is so special about intuitive talent? Extensive research on brain skills indicates that those who score as highly intuitively on such test instruments as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicato

3、r tend to be the most innovative in strategic planning and decisionmaking.They tend to be moreinsightful and better at finding new ways of doing things. In business, they are the people who can sense whether a new product idea will "fly" in the marketplace. They are the people who will gen

4、erate ingenious new solutions to old problems that mayhave festered for years. These are the executives that all organizations would love to find.But, surprisingly, organizations often thwart, block, or drive out this talent-the very talent they require for their future survival! At the very least,

5、most organizations lack well- established human-capital programs designed to search for and consciously use their employees' intuitive talent in the strategic-planning process. As a result, this talent is either not used, suppressed, or lost altogether.Typically, highly intuitive managers work i

6、n an organizational climate that is the opposite of that which would enable them to flourish and to readily use their skills for strategic decisionmaking. This climate can be characterized as follows: Newideas are not readily encouraged. Higher managers choose others who think much as they do for su

7、pport staff. Unconventional approaches to problemsolving encounter enormous resistance. Before long, the intuitive executive begins to emotionally withdraw, slowly but surely reducing his or her input and often leaving the organization altogether.To achieve higher productivity in the strategic-plann

8、ing and decisionmaking process, clearly what is needed is an organizational climate in which intuitive brain skills and styles can flourish and be integrated with more-traditional management techniques. The organization's leadership must have a special sensitivity to the value of intuitive input

9、 in strategic decisionmaking and understand how to create an environment in which the use of intuition will grow, integrating it into the mainstream of the organization's strategic-planning process. （分数： 8.00 ）（1）.Which of the following does NOT describe intuitive talents?（分数： 2.00 ）A. They are

10、innovative in strategic planning.B. They are good at finding new approaches to old problems.C. They are the executives that all organizations would love to find.D. They are fully utilized.V解析：D（他们受到重用。）没有用于描写天才。第一段第二句提到A（他们在策划方面富于创新）；第一段第三句提到B（他们善于发现处理老问题的新方法。）；第一段最后一句提到了 C（他们是所有机构都想找的管理人员。 ） 。（2）.H

11、ighly intuitive managers typically work in a climate that .（分数： 2.00）A. enables them to flourishB. discourages new ideasVC. achieves higher productivityD. both A and C 解析：很有才华的管理人员通常在不允许有新观点的氛围中工作。根据第三段开头，有敏锐洞察力的管理 人员在不利于他们成功、 不利于他们很容易运用自己的智能进行决策的氛围中工作。 新观点很难受到鼓励。（3）.An executive might leave the org

12、anization because .（分数： 2.00）A. he is hurtB. he is firedC. his intuitive talent is not usedVD. he earns too little 解析：管理人员可能会离开他的机构，因为他的天才没有受到重用。根据第三段后半段，新思想很难受到 鼓励，高层管理人员选那些跟他们想法一样的人作为帮手， 不同凡响的、 解决问题的办法遭到极大的反对。 不久，有敏锐洞察力的管理人员开始在思想上缓慢地打退堂鼓，一定会减少自己的投入，往往彻底地离开 自己的机构。（4）.An organization's leadershi

13、p should do all of the following EXCEPT .（分数： 2.00）A. separating intuitive styles from traditional management techniquesVB. learning how to use creative thinkingC. learning how to use problemsolving skillsD. none of the above解析：一个机构的领导应做以下事情，只是不能把凭直觉的方法同传统的管理方法割裂开来。A表达的意思与第四段第一句的意思正好相反。这句话的意思是：为了利用战

14、略规划和决策的过程提高生产力，显然 需要这样一种组织环境：直觉和凭直觉办事的方法能够盛行，而且应该同更传统的管理办法结合起来。The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates manychemical co

15、mpoundsand is constantly modifying the face of the Earth.Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water tr

16、ickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immensepolarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by runnin

17、g from high altitudes toward the reference point that is sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to passthrough one of

18、the three reservoirs-atmosphere,continent,and ocean-wesee that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the princip

19、al reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions s

20、uch as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, ch

21、emical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.（分数： 8.00 ）（1）.According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water . （分数： 2.00 ）A. precipitating onto the groundB. changing from a solid to a liquid stateC. evaporating from the

22、 oceansVD. being carried by wind 解析：根据短文，云层主要是靠海洋中的水蒸发而成的。根据第二段第一句，水蒸气从海洋中蒸发之后形 成云，风把某些云层带到各个大陆。（2）.The passage suggests that the purpose of the "hydrographic network" is to .（分数：2.00 ）A. determine the size of molecules of waterB. prevent soil erosion caused by floodingC. move water from t

23、he Earth's surface to the oceansVD. regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers 解析：短文表明，“水道网”的目的是把水从地球表面输送到海洋中。根据第二段第四句，这种巨大的两 极化的网络把水输送到巨大的容器海洋之中。（3）.What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussedin the third paragraph? （分数： 2.00 ）A. The

24、potential energy contained in water.B. The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds.C. The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents.D. The relative size of the water storage areas.V解析：蓄水区相对的体积。根据第三段第一句，水分子通过的周期的速度并不是任意的，但是能测出许多 蓄水区相对的体积。（4）.All of the following are examples of so

25、luble ions EXCEPT .（分数： 2.00 ）A. magnesiumB. ironVC. potassiumD. calcium 解析：以下均是可溶离子的例子，铁除外。根据最后一段可知，像钙、钠、钾这样的可溶性离子和某些镁 离子是可以溶解的，不可溶的离子，如铝离子、铁离子和硅离子保持原状，并形成薄薄而又肥沃的、植物 可以在上面生长的土层。People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation

26、's economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured

27、increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled

28、 every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility- downward as well as upward-touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearl

29、y three-quitters of the population-in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West-changed their residence of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West-changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian

30、 David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society," and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded."Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century

31、 had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles menand women played in society becamemore rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost

32、manyof its earlier functions and the homecame to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women rul

33、ed the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was commonin earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.（分数： 8.00 ）（1）.What does the passage mainly discuss? （分数： 2.00 ）A. The economic d

34、evelopment of the United States in the eighteenth century.B. Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United States.VC. Population growth in the western United States.D. The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the United States. 解析：本文主要讨论经济发展导致美国社会变化的一些方面。讨

35、论这一问题的主要内容集中在第一段和第 三段。（2）.According to the passage, the economy of the United States between 1820 and 1900 was .（分数： 2.00 ）A. expanding VB. in sharp declineC. stagnateD. disorganized解析：根据短文，美国在 1820年和 1990年间的经济在不断地发展。根据第一段第二句，在1820 年之后的那些岁月，经过几十年的相对稳定， 经济进入了持续增长和快速增长时期， 这一时期一直持续到 19 世纪末。(3) .Accordi

36、ng to the passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United States . (分数： 2.00 )A. emigrated to other countriesB. often settled in the WestC. tended to change the place in which they livedVD. had a higher rate of birth than ever before解析：根据短文，在 19 世纪，美国人往往变换他们的住处。根据第二段，地方的研究表明，

37、在美国北部和 南部，在东北兴起的城市里，在西部一些永不宁静的农业县，将近四分之三的人口每十年就变换住宅。(4) .Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?(分数：2.00 )A. A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideas.B. A society that was, undergoing fundamental change.VC. A society that had been gradua

38、lly changing since the early 1700'sD. A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements.解析：正在经历根本性变化的社会。在第二段结尾处，作者引用了历史学家戴维唐纳德的话，这句话的 意思是：社会分化几乎影响了社会的每一个部门。这句话表明美国是一个正在经历根本性变化的社会。 Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon, gazing across this giant wound in the Earth's surface, a visito

39、r might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.In fact the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and cataclysmic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion. Many millions of years ago the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 1

40、0, 000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14-layered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.Approximately 65 million years ago the plateau's flat

41、 surface in the Grand Canyonarea bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that meandered across it

42、began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers, located east of the upwarp, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upwarp, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the

43、 ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277- mile-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years go.Since then, the canyon forming has been cumulative. To th

44、e corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors. Heat and cold, rainand snow, along with the varying resistance of the rocks, increase the opportunities for erosion. The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool, tons of debris, rainfall running off the high plateau

45、 creates feeder streams that carve side canyons. Pushing slowly backward into the plateau, the side canyons expose new rocks, and the pattern of erosion continues.（分数： 8.00 ）（1）.What does the passage mainly discuss? （分数： 2.00 ）A. Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.B. Forces that made t

46、he Grand Canyon.VC. The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.D. The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon. 解析：本文主要讨论形成大峡谷的一些自然力。本文二、三两段着重讨论大峡谷形成的各种因素。（2）.According to the passage, the first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of the GrandCanyon was . （分数： 2.00 ）A. a series of volcanic er

47、uptionsB. the collapse of rock formations in the Colorado PlateauC. a succession of floods from the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado RiverD. the Earth's internal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau regionV解析：根据短文，导致大峡谷形成的第一个原因是地球的内部压力抬高了科罗拉多高原地区。第三段开头 指出，大约六千五百万年前，由于内部的压力，高原扁平的表面向上凸

48、出。（3）.Which of the following conclusions about the Grand Canyon can be drawn from the passage? （分数： 2.00 ）A. Its contours are constantly changing.VB. It contains approximately 14 million tons of rock.C. Its eruptions have increased in recent years.D. It is being eroded by toxic waste and pollutants.

49、 解析：就大峡谷而言，可以下这样一个结论：它的轮廓在不断地变化。第三段第一句中提到“一个仍在继 续的过程”；第四段最后一句提到“这种侵蚀还在继续”，这两句都说明大峡谷的轮廓在不断地变化。（4）.The passage would most likely be found in a textbook on which of the following subjects?（分数： 2.00 ）A. Astronomy.VB. Botany.C. Geology.D. Chemistry. 解析：这篇短文很可能见于一本地质学教材。研究大峡谷的成因自然是地质学研究的范畴。The political c

50、risis in Ukraine, where opposition protesters are burning campfires and setting up tents in the center of Kiev, is presenting a test for Russia, which gambled heavily on its neighbor's presidential election.A defeat of the pro-Moscow candidate, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, would humiliate t

51、he Kremlin one year after another former Soviet Republic, Georgia, slipped from its influence, according to observers and political analysts.The Ukrainian upheaval echoes what happened in Georgia, where protests over vote rigging led to the resignation of a Moscow-linked President and a landslide vi

52、ctory of a young, Western-educated and Western-orientedleader.UFor Moscow, the stakes are even higher in Ukraine./U Unlike Georgia, Ukraine shares close ethnic and linguistic ties with Russia;Kiev, Ukraine's capital, is the cradle of the Russian culture and the ancient capital of the first Russi

53、an state.President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia wants to forge a closer union between three Slavic nations Russia, Ukraine, and tiny, authoritarian Belarns and Ukraine is key to the plan, Russian businesses have major interests in Ukraine, which borders Russia to the west. The Russian military also w

54、ants to have Ukraine as an ally over which it can hold sway, not as a potential NATO participant, the analysts said.As other former republics turned away from Russia, Moscow "gets the feeling that Ukraine is its closest ally, with a symbolic significance," said Marsha Lipman of the Carnegi

55、e MoscowCenter. "Russia has given itself a goal of getting a controllable Ukraine. I'm afraid it won't happen." Putin quickly congratulated Yanukovych following Sunday's vote, which pitted the prime minister against opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko.But Western observers repo

56、rted voting fraud, and hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians rallied in protest."If the crisis lasts, .it will become a potential source of problems for Russia's relations with the West," said Alexander Pikayev, an independent politica! analyst in Moscow"Russia will have to share re

57、sponsibility for the acute political crisis."The Kremlin had come out early and strongly for Yanukovych before the election. Putin traveled twice to Ukraine, ahead of each round of voting. To support the official purpose of his first visit, attending anniversary cele brations of Ukraine's l

58、iberation from the Nazis in World War n , the festivities were rescheduled for 10 days earlier than the actual date.Since the vote, Uthe Kremlin's propaganda machine has been in full swing./U Russia's Channel One television, controlled by the Kremlin like all other major networks accused the

59、 Ukrainian opposition of breaking the law by declaring Yushehenko the rightfully elected President.In his prime-time show, television commentator Mikhail Leontyev compared the Ukrainian opposition to Middle Eastern militants. "But this is not the GazaStrip, and the chaos cannot go on indefinitely," he said, warning that protest strikes would only hurt ordinary people.Russian television also aired reports on the anniversary of Georgia's "Rose