牛津深圳版初一下学期英语知识点总结

1、Chapter One Travel.课文重点词语与短语plan 计划 plan to do sth.计划去做某事offerprovide提供 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.提供 provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth shop 购物 shop for sth = buy sthWhy not do sth? =Why don ' t you do sth为什么不做一used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事the same as 和一样be

2、famous for sth = be well-know for sth以一闻名be famous as作为,一而著名help sb （ to ） do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事one of +可数名词复数之一，其中之一二语法：冠词a,an, 与 the 的用法不定冠词a/an 的用法主要有：1泛指 表示 " 某一个 " ，用于可数名词单数前。如：We need a rent to live in.2与可数名词单数连用，表示类别。如：1) I'm a student.(是学生而不是其他人。)2) An elephan

3、t is much bigger than a tiger.3.在某些词组中，代替介词per,作"每一"讲。如： twice a day, 5 dollars a kiloI play computer games once a week.注意 : a /an 的区别a 用在辅音开头的单词前：a cat, a useful bookan 用在元音发音的单词前：an English book, an interesting story,an honest boy, an important party, an ugly man定冠词the 的用法主要有：1. 表示特指某人或某

4、物。如：The notebook on the desk is mine.Beijing is the capital of China.2. 表示上文提过的人或事物。如：There is a cat under the chair. The cat is black and white.3. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。如：the earth, the sun 4. 用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如：Let's go for a picnic, shall we?5. 用在作定语的序数词前。如：She is always the first person to come and the

5、last one to leave.6. 用在形容词前表示一类人。如：the rich, the old, the sick, the deaf7. 用在乐器名称前。如：play the violin(guitar, piano)8. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。如：The Whites are on their holiday in Canada.9. 用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如：the People's Park, the Golden Gate Bridge10. 在最高级、序数词及 next, last , same等词前常用定冠词。如：T

6、he last one is the most important one. 不用冠词的情况( 零冠词的用法) 主要有：1. 在物质名词或抽象名词前。如：Water and air are important to us.Wisdom is better than strength.2. 名词前面已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, some, any 等代词的情况下。如：I want this car, not that car.There is some water in the cup.3. 在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如：There

7、 are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.School begins on September 1.March 8th is Women's Day.特例： 1) 中国的传统节日要加the 。如： the Spring Festival4. 在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如：I have breakfast at six in the morning.They play football every day.He prefers science to physics.特例：当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时，要加不定冠词。

8、如：They had a good dinner yesterday.5. 在学科前不加冠词。如：I am good at maths and history.6. 在“专有名词 +普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前；国名和地名人名前通常也不加冠词。如：Zhongshan Road, Tian'anmen Square ； China， Shenzhen， Tom7表示使用某种交通手段时，名词前不用冠词。如：I usually go to my office by bus.配套练习1. There will be interesting TV program tomor

9、row evening.A. aB. anC. theD. some2. I have never seen UFO in sky.A. a , the B. an , the C. a, a D. the, a3. - Have you seen umbrella here?-You mean black one? It was here just now.A. an; theB. the; aC. an; aD. the; the4. .Biology is science of life.A. /; the; /B. /; the; theC. The; /; /D. The; /; t

10、he5. The boy wrote T' and "u" on the blackboard.A. a; anB. an; anC. a; aD. an; a6. Now he is artist . I have known him since he was one-year-old boy.A. a; anB. a; aC. an; anD. an; a7. Christmas Day of the western countries falls before Spring Festival of China.A. /; theB. the ; / C. /;

11、/ D. The ; the8. Today is my happiest day because I won first prize in the match.A. the ; the B. /; the C. the ; / D. /;/9.1. hangjiang River is longest river in China.A. The ; the B. The ; / C. / ; the D. / ;/Chapter 2 Protecting our environment一.课文重点词语与短语be interested in sth 对感兴趣 of course 当然begin

12、 to do sth 开始做某事each other相互 pass sth to sb =pass sb sth传递某物给某人communicate with sb 和某人交流taste尝起来一后跟形容词作表语be in danger处境危险collect stamps 搜集邮票enjoy doing 喜欢做 enjoy oneself 玩得开心thank sb for sth /doing sth 感谢某人做某事make sb/sth +动词原形使做in order of以的顺序类似 inrerested 与 interesting 的形容词： excited/ exciting, tire

13、d/ tiring, surprised/ suprising, bored/ boring 通常以-ed结尾的形容词含被动意义，表示人感到；以-ing结尾的形容词汗主动意义，表示使人，令人.二.语法：现在进行时态结构be（am/is/are）+动词ing（现在分语）构成谓语be是助动词，帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句动词ing现在分词的变化规则：1）动词+ing ： do-doing teach-teaching ；2）以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，双写辅音字母再 +ing ： put-putting ；3） 以字母 e 结尾的，去掉 e再 +ing ： make-m

14、aking take-taking 。4）单词以辅音字母加ie 结尾，去 -ie 变 y,再力口-ing. 如 die（死亡）-dying; tie tying注意 ：表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时，如：believe （相信）,doubt （怀疑）,hear, know, understand, belong （属于）,think （认为）,look （看起来）, show, mind, have, sound （听起来）,taste （尝起来）,care, like, hate, love,例如： Danny: The doorbell is ringing.May:I

15、know . I hear it.某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来：I m coming.我这就来。I m going/leaving.我这就走。同步练习( )1. Listen! Who in the room?Lets go and see.A. is crying B. crying C. cry D. cries( ) 2 . we can get some useful things trees.A .to B .for C. with D. from( ) 3 .You must thank the girls their help.A. for B. to C. onD. ab

16、out( ) 4. We plant trees in our school every year.A . a lot B. a lot ofC. a lots of D much( ) 5.Jim and his teacher over there.A. is talk B. are talk C. is talking D. are talking( ) 6 “ Dont always make Tim this or that. He is a big boy now. ” Mrs Bush said.A. doing B. do C. does D. to do( )7 What i

17、s the boy doing? Hes a book.A. seeingB. reading C. looking at D. watching( ) 8 Mr. Smithto visit Beijing in two days.A. come B. came C. comes D. is coming( ) 9. I think English is than Math.A. interestinger B. more interesting C. most interesting D. more interestinger ( ) 10 We a picnic next week.A.

18、 will have B. have C. having D. had( ) 11. There a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning.A. has B. is going to be C. will have D has been( )12. Its a big house a garden in front of it.A. in B. have C. for D. with( )13 Will you pass that book me?A. toB. forC. fromD. at()14Rose neve

19、r communicates A. toB. for_ others.C. withD. at()15.Do you know what these books are useful?A. toB. forC. withD. at()16.Trees are our best fighters _ pollution.A. forB. withC. onD. against.课文重点词语与短语look up 查阅an amusement park 游乐园buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 给某人买某物some others 一些另一些as - as - 像一样learn a

20、bout sth from 从了 解某事Chpater 3human beings 人类 all year round 全年 die out 灭绝be born 出生deliver mail 送邮件be based on以为基础after leaving school 毕业后at the same time 同时more than 数量多于二 . 语法1 指示代词this, that, these, those四个词都是指示代词，分别表示“这个”，“那个”，“这些”，“那些”。从中文释义上我们也能看出，它们之间是有差别的。那么，我们就来讲一讲，指示代词this， that， these，tho

21、se 的具体用法。( 1 ) this 用来指离说话者位置近的人或者物，以及时间上较近的场合。如：This is my mother.这是我妈妈。(2) that用来指在空间或时间上离的较远的人、物和场合。如：That is his father.那是我爸爸。(3) these是this的复数形式，those是that的复数形式。this, that和is连用，而these, those和are 连用。this is, these are, those are不存在缩写形式，只有 that is有缩写形式，即 that's。如：These are my friends.Those ar

22、e their aunts.That's his father. = That is his father.指示代词的陈述句形式我们已经了解了，那么，怎样将它们改成一般疑问句呢？我们都知道，由陈述句转换为一般疑问句时，直接将 be 动词提前到句首，把第一人称转换为第二人称，回答用yes或no。而在回答主语为 this, that, these, those的疑问句时，问句中的this, that在答语中要用it替代，these, those要用they替代。如： Is this his father? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. Are these

23、your friends? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.注意：指示代词所指的事物第二次提到时，通常也是用 it代替this和that,用they代替these和th ose。What is this？It is a bird.（4） this,that,those和these加名词构成一些常用短语，表示时间，指现在或过去。this morning 今天早晨this spring 今年春天that morning 那天早晨these days 这些天2 可数名词与不可数名词普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个

24、体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory 等 ）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等 ）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等 ）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship 等 ）。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多

25、个人或事物时用复数形式。( 1 ) 可数名词表示复数意义时，可用 some/ many/lots of/ a lot of / a few/ few/ 修饰： many bananas ， afew pens( 2)不可数名词可以用some/ much/ lots of/ a lot of / a little/ little 修饰： much meat ， a little bread可数名词单数变复数规则变化：(1) 一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days(2) 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-esclass-cl

26、asses, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes(3) 以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的词变 -f 和 -fe 为 v 再加 -esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加 -sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs(4) 以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变y 为 i 加 -esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city

27、-cities(5) 以元音字母加y 结尾的名词，或专有名词以y 结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys(6) 以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词一般加 -eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos(7) 以元音字母加-o 结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zo

28、o-zoos(8) 除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例： a dollar, two dollars;不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2 单复数相同sheep, deer, fish, yuan, jin, Swiss, Chinese, Japanese3 只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people,

29、police, cattle注意 : 记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：Chinese-Chinese Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen Frenchman-FrenchmenRussian-Russians American-AmericansGerman - Germanschild-children foot-feetman-men woman-womentooth-teeth goose - geese deer-deer sheep-sheep同步练习一 . 选择填空()1.-Would you like some tea ? -Yes,

30、just .A. a littleB. a fewC. a little ofD. much()2. - Our new China s full name is the Peoples Republic of China.- Yes, it was on October 1, 1949.A. foundB. foundedC. foundingD. finding()3. - What is the story about?- It is a detective story and is a real story.A. come from B. based onC. based toD. b

31、ases on()4. - How many are there on the table? - There are .A. glass of water / twoB. carton of milk / tenC. baskets of oranges / twoD. bottles of oranges / ten()5. - What do you usually do in the morning?- We often have seven in the morning.A. breakfast B. lunch at C. supper D. breakfast at()6. I a

32、m thirsty. Would you bring me, please?A. some bread B. some tea C. any water D. some eggs()7. -What' s in English? a pair of glasses.A. this - It'sB、this - That C, this - It D . that - That's()8. Guo bought in the shop last week.A. a lot of bread and a jar of jamsB. a lot of breads and t

33、wo jars of jamC. a lot of bread and a jar jamD. a lot of bread and two jars of jam()9.Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well .A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of()10.“What' s the today-? “It ' "s June 26.”A. dayB. dateC. timeD. hour()11.- Hello! Who is? i

34、s Mary speaking.A. that / That B. that / This C. this / ThisD. these / Those()12. They are from America.A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctor D. women doctors()13. Tom always stays at home for on Sunday.A. one and half hourB. one and a half hourC. one half an hourD. one and a half hours()

35、14,- Can I help you? - Yes, I want 2 kilograms of and someA. beef / egg B. egg / beefC. beef / eggs D. an egg / beef()15. How many are there in these?A. tomato / photo B. tomatoes / photoes C. tomatos / photos D. tomatoes / photos解释句子(对划线部分解释).1. Mickey Mouse comes from a real mouse.Mickey Mouse a r

36、eal mouse.2. Dinosaurs all became dead suddenly.Dinosaurs suddenly.3. I am doing my homework while my dad is watching TV .I am doing my homework., my dad is watching TV .4. When did Disney start the famous Disneyland?When did Disney the famous Disneyland?5. Dinosaurs existed on Earth more than sixty

37、 million years.Dinosaurson Earth more than sixty million years.6. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.Some dinosaurs were chickens.完形填空Walt Disney, the great film maker was born in Chicago 1 1901. Disney 's wish was to be a famous 2.He took some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job.

38、 However, he had no 3. They looked at his pictures and said, “ Sorry, young man. We don't think there is anything of interest in your pictures.”Disney s 4 tried to encourage(鼓励)him. They said, " Don' t worry, Walt. We like you5. We are sureyou will be well-known as 6 before long. "

39、 His family was poor and he 7 sit in the family garage anddraw pictures there. One day a mouse came and played on the floor. Disney stopped 8 and watched themouse. The mouse was 9 , so he gave the mouse a piece of bread. Then the mouse came and sat on his desk.10the mouse came back and was givenmore

40、 bread. In this way the artist and his mouse became good()1. A. inB. for()2. A. workerB. artist()3. A. hopeB. worry()4. A. fatherB. mother()5. A. picturesB. mouse()6. A. a makerB. a film starfriends.()7. A. likesC. onD. atC. drawerD. teacherC. luckD. chanceC. friendsD. parentC. cartoonsD. mailsC. an

41、 artistD. DisneylandB. used to C. was used to D. often()8. A. reading()9. A. goodB. listeningC. talkingD. drawingB. badC. uglyD. gentle()10.A. Day after day B. Long time agoC. One by oneD. Before longChapter 4一 重点词汇和短语I.sense感官2.balance平衡3.tongue 舌头 4.blind 盲的；瞎的5.book预定6.allow允许一进入7.lead带路；带领8.exit

42、出9. describe 描述10. lie 躺11. dead 失灵的；不转运的12. seem 似 乎 13.convenient 方便的14. mind 注意15 almost 几乎 16. disability 缺陷； 残疾短语1.find out 找出3.keep balance 保持平衡5.stop doing sth 停止做某事2.match with 使和.相配4.fall down 跌倒；摔倒6 . stop to work 停下某事而去工作7 .belong to 属于8 .reception desk 接待处，服务台9 .walk into走进11.allow sb to

43、 do sth 允许某人做某事13.the location of 的位置15.describe sth to sb向某人描述 17.save one ' sf某人的生命19.the sound of sth 的声音21.seconds later不久，很快10.book a room 定房12.lead sb to sp 领某人去某地14.safety first 安全第一16.be asleep 在睡觉18.seem like 看起来象，似乎20.be against sth 反对一22.show up= appear 出现23. fire alarm 火警警报24.go off

44、突然发出响声26 have a cold 患感冒25.look out/watch out 小心27.hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事28. belong to属于29. a blind man 盲人30. lile on the floor 躺在地上二 语法：人称代词；形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词；反身代词Task1人称代词【用法】人称代词分为 和 两种形式。主格通常做 ，放在谓语动词 ;宾格通常做,放在谓语动词和介词 O单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I宾格me1. （我）am a teacher.2. My father is ta

45、lking with（我）.3. （他）often plays basketball after school.4. （他的）teachers good.5. （我们）will buy a pair of shoes for（ 他）.6. Please pass 我们）the ball.7. （他们）are listening to the radio.Task2形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。【用法】形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，放在 前。名词性物主代词后面则不能再跟名词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词my名词性物主代词mine1. This is（我的）book. That

46、 is（他的）.2. （他的）chair is blue.（ 我们的）is yellow.3. （我们的）classroom is big.（ 你们的）is small.4. （他的）teachers good.（她的）is good too.Task3反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself复数1. He called a writer.他自称是作家。2. Take care of.3. The Little boy can dress.4. Iwashed the clothes.5. we enjoyed last night.我们昨照顾好自己。那个小男孩可以自己穿衣服。我自己洗

47、了衣服。天玩的很愉快同步练习按照题目要求填空。1. I will give the presents to(they).2. Can you show (I) your book?3. It tsime for (they) to go home.4. Mr. Green often tells (we) some stories.5. I saw (she) in the shop yesterday.6. My ruler is long. ( you ) is short.7. My bike is broken. May I borrow ( she)?8. My book is bl

48、ue. (you) is red.9. Our chair is better than ( they).10. These books are (we).11. These are not your desks. They are (our).12. This is not my shirt. It _s(he)13. These books are(I), and those are(you).14. My dog likes . 我的狗喜欢她。15. Who is there? It _s. 是谁啊？是我。16. Come with . 跟我来。17. classroom is bigg

49、er than . 你们的教室比我们的要大。18. I want to buy some balloons for . 我想买些气球送给他。19. These are photos. 这些是我们的照片。20. like very much. 他们非常喜欢它。21. Let give a book. 让我给你一本书。. 选择填空.()1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesn et njoy A. heB. himC. hisD. himself()2. Lily was 9 years old. was old enoug

50、h to go to school .A. She , sheB. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she()3. Jim swatch is much newer than .A. hersB.sheC. herD. herself()4. There are 2 pens here. _ is red, and is blue.A. Yours, mineB. Your, my C. Yours, my D. Your, mine()5. piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it.A. Sh

51、eB. She sC. HersD. Her()6.Who taught you English last year? Nobody taught me. Itaught .A. meB.myselfC.mineD. I()7.That bike is _?A heB.himC.hisD. it()8. We bought _a present, but _ didn ” ltike it.A. they, them B. them , they C. themselves , their D. theirs, they()9. Jim will give a short talk tomor

52、row.A. we B. us C. ourD. ours()10agree with what you said. Tom has a different idea.A. Not all themB. Not all of them C. Any of themD. They all（二）1. The guide the travelers to a magic world just now.A. lead B. led C. leads D. is leading2. - can you hear Maryin her room every day?- Yes, I heard her j

53、ust now.A. singing; to sing B. singing; singsC. sing; singsD. sing; singing3. A sudden knock made him.A. stop to think B. stop thinkingC. to stop think D. to stop thinking4. After he called for help many times, a stranger and saved him.A. shows B. showed up C. showed D. shows up5. -My pencil is brok

54、en. Can you lend to me?-Certainly. Here you are.A. your B. you C. yours D. yourself6. When my grandpa was sleeping, I entered his room and A. wake up himB. woke him upC. woke up himD. wake him up7. I someone my name when I was walking in the street.A. heard; to call B. hear; call C. heard; calling D

55、. hear; calling8. The wallet probable the woman who sat here just now.A. belongs to B. is belonging to C. belong to D. belonging to9. Our brain helps keep our balance we do not fall down.A. in order of B. that C. so that D. for10. I wasat that time, so I couldn't hear the phone.A. asleep B. sleep C. sleepy D. slept11. -Whose b