Figure I-1 The Pipeline Risk Management Demonstration Project

1、Figure I-1 The Pipeline Risk Management Demonstration ProjectRisk Management Program StandardDemonstration Project Performance Measures OPS Review and Approval ProcessRisk Management Demonstrations Program Standard is Used by Industry as Guideline for Development and Submittal of Proposed Risk Manag

2、ement Programs Review Protocols and Criteria based on the Program Standard are Used by OPS to Review, Approve, and Monitor Proposed Industry Programs Performance Measures are Used by both OPS and Industry to Evaluate the Success of the Risk Management Demonstration Project Figure II-1 Risk Managemen

3、t Program OverviewProgram ElementsProcess ElementsAdministrationRoles & ResponsibilitiesPersonnelQualificationsManagement of ChangeCommunicationsDocumentationProgram Evaluation and ImprovementRisk AssessmentWhat is the Scope of the Risk Assessment?What Adverse Events Can Happen?How Likely are Th

4、ese Events to Occur?How Severe Would the Consequences Be if the Events Did Occur?Risk Control & Decision SupportWhat Could Be Done to Control Risks?What Are the Relative Merits of the Risk Control Options?What Set of Activities Best Achieves Risk Management Goals?Performance Monitoring & Fee

5、dbackWhat Improvements are Expected to Result from the Risk Control Decisions?What Measures Best Capture These Expected Outcomes?Are the Selected Risk Control Activities Having the Intended Effect?How Can the Overall Risk Management Process be Improved?Feedback LoopsFigure IV-2 Progression of a Pipe

6、line IncidentHazardCauseAccidentalEventImpactHazardous liquid or gas contained and delivered during normal operationPrecursor, initiating or contributing events of a pipeline incident; start of the accident event sequence (e.g., coating disbond, mechanical damage)Loss of containment of hazardous liq

7、uid or gas; product migrates along available pathways to people, environmental resources, etc.Adverse consequences to people, the environment, etc.Figure IV-4 Risk Control Activities During Progression of a Pipeline IncidentHazardCauseAccidentalEventImpactExample Types of Risk Control ActivitiesPrev

8、ention- Corrosion Control- Maintenance Programs- Impact BarriersMitigation- Isolation Valves- Dike / trench- Sprinkler / delugeResponse-Evacuation- Spill response- Flowpath diversionFigure IV-6 Performance Measures Associated with Stages of a Pipeline IncidentHazardCauseAccidentalEventImpactExample

9、Performance MeasuresPreventionHydrotest ResultsMitigationReliability of Isolation ValvesResponseEffectiveness of Emergency DrillsFigure IV-1The Risk Assessment Process ElementScoping and Screening AnalysisDefine the physical and analytical boundaries of the assessment(Section IV.1.1)Event Identifica

10、tionIdentify the events that could cause pipeline failures and lead to adverse consequences(Section IV.1.2)Frequency AnalysisEstimate how often the events might occur(Section IV.1.3)Consequence AnalysisEstimate the severity of the adverse impacts should the events occur(Section IV.1.4)Risk Assessmen

11、tEstimate the frequency and consequences of potential incidents(Section IV.1)Risk Control & Decision SupportSelect activities to reduce risk or produce equal or greater levels of safety more efficiently(Section IV.2)Performance Monitoring & FeedbackDetermine if the risk control decisions pro

12、duce the anticipated outcomes(Section IV.3)Risk EstimationCombine frequency and consequence estimates into relative risk values(Section IV.1.5)Figure IV-3The Risk Control & Decision-Support Process ElementIdentification of Risk Control IssuesDefine the major contributors to risk and opportunitie

13、s for more efficient control of risks(Section IV.2.1)Identification of Risk Control OptionsDefine specific alternatives to current design and operation that reduce risk or increase efficiency(Section IV.2.2)Evaluation & Comparison of OptionsSelect the best set of design and operational practices

14、 that produce equal or greater safety(Section IV.2.3)Risk AssessmentEstimate the frequency and consequences of potential incidents(Section IV.1)Performance Monitoring & FeedbackDetermine if the risk control decisions produce the anticipated outcomes(Section IV.3)Risk Control & Decision Suppo

15、rtSelect activities to reduce risk or produce equal or greater levels of safety more efficiently(Section IV.2)Figure IV-5The Performance Monitoring & Feedback Process ElementSelection of Performance MeasuresIdentify expected outcomes of risk control decisions and associated metrics(Section IV.3.

16、1)Monitoring & Evaluation of PerformanceTrack actual performance and compare with expectations(Section IV.3.2)Modifications to the ProgramAnalyze implications of observed performance to the models, data, assumptions, and conclusions of the risk management program(Section IV.3.3)Risk AssessmentEstimate the frequency and consequences of potential incidents(Section IV.1)Risk Cont