高考英语语法复习 ---简单句并列句复合句

1、英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence = 主句主句 + 从句从句) 主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语主语 系动词系动词 表表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)

2、There + be / stand/ lie / live.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。并列句并列句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号分号或把两个或几个简单句用或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：用分号：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词

3、：用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing. 常用并列连词常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions 表联合的连词表联合的连词表转折或对比的连词：表转折或对比的连词：表选择的连词：表选择的连词：表因果的连词：表因果的连词：and, when(=and just at this time就在这时就在这时)等等but(但是，可是但是，可是

4、), while(而，却而，却), yet(可是可是)等。等。or(或者或者, 还是；否则还是；否则), otherwise(要不然要不然)等等。for(因为因为), so(因此因此)等等其它平行结构：其它平行结构：notbut, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, would ratherthan(宁愿宁愿不愿不愿), rather than(而不而不), as well as(既既也也)等。等。1.when相当于相当于and then, just then, at the time,一般放一般放在第二个分句句首在第二个分句句首.We played

5、 outside till sunset when it began to rain.I was about to go to bed when it began to rain.2 比较比较but和和 however 的用法的用法He said it was so; he was mistaken, however3.while表示对照关系表示对照关系He asked his father why he couldnt hatch chickens while hens could. 4. for, so 连接并列句表示因果关系连接并列句表示因果关系 for引导的分句是对前面的句子加以解释或

6、推断引导的分句是对前面的句子加以解释或推断,一般用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开.引导的句子不用于句首引导的句子不用于句首. Someone is coming , for the dog is barking . He shook his head, for he thought differently so表示因果关系表示因果关系 It was late, so I must go home. 比较比较:so 和和therefore I know little about it; therefore I cant give you any advice. 改错：并列连词的误用和改错：并列连词的误用

7、和 漏用漏用1 or与与 and混用混用2 but与与and混用混用3 but，although连用，但连用，但yet,still可与可与although连用连用4 so与与because连用。连用。5.并列连词的漏用并列连词的漏用1) (2015) In the countryside , the air is clean or the mountain are clean. 2) (2013) He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our town, he was strong and powerful.4. My

8、roommate was sleeping, we didnt want to wake her up.5. I went to bed. Because I was tired.My roommate was sleeping . We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up.I went to bed because I was tired. 并列连词是否连接同等的成分并列连词是否连接同等的成分改错1.( 2015 II) A woman saw him cryi

9、ng and telling him to wait outside the shop.2.(2015II)We can lie on the grass for a rest ,or sat by the lake listening to music .3.Not only did we write to her , but also telephoned her.4.1.Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open. . 2.I have tried to advise her _ she wont listen3. I th

10、en realized she had no arms _ legs， just a head， neck and torso.4. He took the old man not just across the river，_ to his home5He found it increasingly difficult to read, _his eyesight was beginning to fail.and一、单句填空 灵活运用 .but/yetforbutor6. Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. . 7 We

11、were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.8 We are going to the bookstore in Johns car. You can come with us _ you can meet us there later 9. Some of us dont have much pocket money, _they feel unhappy.10. 79.3 of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their pare

12、nts to live a better life _67.7 claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate. orwhenor so while二、单句改错 1. Unfortunately, I wont be able to meet you at the airport although I have an important meeting to attend. although because 因“我有一个重要的会议要出席”是“我不能去机场接你”的原因，引导原因状语从句，用because。2. The cli

13、mate here is pleasant. It is neither too hot or too cold. or nor 因neithernor. (既不也不)是固定搭配。3. Although he was the wealthiest man in the town, but he didnt feel happy at all. 去掉去掉 but 因已有连词因已有连词Although (虽然虽然) 了，后面了，后面就不再用就不再用but了。了。4. He could have won the match. Otherwise, he broke his leg. Otherwis

14、e However 句意是：他本来可以赢句意是：他本来可以赢这场比赛的，然而，他摔断了腿。这场比赛的，然而，他摔断了腿。5. You have to review all your lessons, and you wont pass the exam. and or 因“祈使句+or(否则)+陈述句(用一般将来时)”是固定句式。6. The chance to win the match is slim, so they wont easily give up. so but/yet 前后意义是转折关系。7. Last year, Sandra immigrated to Spain and

15、 she didnt seem to adapt to the life there, she move back to China. (1) and but 根据句子意思，前后是转折关系，用but。(2) 在she moved之前加上so 这两个句子之间缺少连词，而且“返回”是“不适应”的结果，引出结果的分句用so(因此)。8. I will be free all the weekend, therefore, either Saturday and Sunday is OK. (1) therefore so 因therefore只能做副词，不能作为连词连接两个句子；或在therefor

16、e前加and。(2) and or 因eitheror 是固定搭配。9. As the lecture is uninteresting and dull, so more and more listeners began to leave. 去掉so 因前面已有连词As (因为)了，就不再用连词了。10. All of us are in favor of the idea of doing sports every day, but it is beneficial to our health greatly. but because 后句表示原因，引导原因状语从句用because。( (

17、武汉调研武汉调研4 4月月) Put yourself in situations ) Put yourself in situations where you will be forced to communicate where you will be forced to communicate in English, _ you will see more progress in English, _ you will see more progress over time.over time.A. or B. so C. yet D. andA. or B. so C. yet D.

18、and( (崇文崇文4 4月月) You must get up early in the ) You must get up early in the morning, _ wemorning, _ well have to leave without ll have to leave without youyouA.A.and B. but C. or D. soand B. but C. or D. so(06 四川四川, 24) Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train.A. and B. but C. or D. while

19、 (05(05江苏江苏, 34)Unlike watching TV, reading is a , 34)Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process_ it requires highly active process_ it requires attention as well as money and imagination.attention as well as money and imagination.A.A.until B. but C. unless D. foruntil B. but C. unless D

20、. for(05(05潍坊统考潍坊统考)Kids talk frequently about what )Kids talk frequently about what they can do, _ many adults do the they can do, _ many adults do the opposite, tending to talk about what they opposite, tending to talk about what they cancant and why.t and why.A. and B. so C. for D. whileA. and B.

21、 so C. for D. whileDDExercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hi

22、d behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。构成的句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一

23、个句子由同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词从属连词引引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。 复合句复合句 = 主句主句 + 从句从句复合句复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：句： 1. 主语从句主语从句 2. 宾语从句宾语从句3. 表语从句表语从句 4. 定语从句定语从句5. 状语从句状

24、语从句 6. 同位语从句同位语从句 英文写作中最常使用的从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1. 宾语从句宾语从句2. 状语从句状语从句 3. 定语从句定语从句复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay

25、for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句宾语从句H

26、e is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主语

27、主语That he didnt know the answerin the room.定语定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句That is the fact.表表 语语what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.复

28、合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语地点状语where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the