Module1Unit2Grammarandusage定语从句(2)(学案)

1、Module 1 Unit 2 Grammar and usage定语从句（2）（学案）一、“介词+关系代词”结构1. 可代替 when, where, why, that等关系词e.g. There is no reason for which （why） we should n 'be frien ds.2. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。e.g. Here is the money with which to buy a piano.3. that前不能有介词。4. 某些在从句中充当时间， 地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构能够跟关系副词 when和 where互换。e.g. Th

2、is is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day whe n you joined our club?、关系副词的用法：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关 系 副 词whe n时间时间状语I will n ever forget the day whe n we met there.可用onwhich代替wher

3、e地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用 in which代替why原因原因状语I can' imagine the reason why he turned dow n my offer.可用forwhich代替（一）基本用法关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。1. when :在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。e.g. April the first is the day when p

4、eople make fun of others.=April the first is the day on which people make fun of others.2. where :在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which, on which, at which, on which 等取代。e.g. This is the house where he lived two years ago.=This is the house in which he lived two years ago.3. why :在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。why不可引导非限

5、定性定语从句，此时可用for which代替。e.g. This is the reas on why he went away.=This is the reason for which he went away.(二) 关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构改写这里的关系代词只限于which和whom，例如 I will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.=I will never forget the night on which I met you for the first time. This is t

6、he house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house where I lived two years ago. We don 'know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.=We don 'know the reason why he suddenly fell ill.注意：并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。e.g. I am very impressed by the way in which he works.这里in which 代表的是i

7、n the way,在句中作方式状语。只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时，才能相对应地用when, where和why代替。(三) 如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。前者充当主语、宾语、 表语或定语，后者充当状语。试比较下面两组句子： This is the factory that/which produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced.第一句中划线部分在从句中作主语，故而应选用关系代词：The factory produces radio

8、s.而第二句中划线部分在从句中作地点状语故而应选用关系副词：Radios are produced in the factory. Do you remember the days (that) we spent together?Do you remember the days when we worked together?第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：We spe nt the days together.而第二句中关系副词作时间状语： We worked together during the days.(四) 一些需要特殊记忆的关系词的用法1.1 don 'like the

9、 way in which he look at people.当先行词是 way时，除了 in which，还能够用that来引导定语从句。that还经常省略。e.g. Judging from the way he walked, I believe he was wounded in the leg.2. Fin ally came the day when he had to leave his hometow n.当先行词为time, moment, day等，并在从句中作状语时，从句也能够用that引导，that也常省略。又如： It was the first time (tha

10、t) we had stayed up so late. The moment (that/when) he sent the mail, John realized what a mistake he had made. She was the only girl I went steady with during the four years (that /when) I was at university .三、关系副词的省略：1. the time, every time, each time, the mome nt等后的关系畐U词能够省略。e.g. By the time (whe

11、n) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousandEnglish words.the place 等。2. 在某些表示地点的名词后，关系副词有时也能够省略。如 e.g. This is the place ( where) I saw him last time.3. 先行词 the reason 后面的关系副词能够省略。e.g. The reason (why) he came here is quite clear.4. 当先行词是 way 时，关系副词常常省略。 e.g. I know the way (

12、that ) he learns English.四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法：1. 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面没有宾语，就 必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。判断下列句子的对错(x)This is the mou ntain village where I visited last year.(x)I will n ever forget the days whe n I spe nt in the coun tryside.(V) This is the mou ntain village (which) I visited las

13、t year.(V)ni n ever forget the days (which) I spe nt in the coun tryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关 系词的误用上。2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状 ) ，也就能准确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibiti

14、on was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句：This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例 2 变为肯定句：This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语， 而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用， 只有 the one 既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，能够省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词wh

15、ere，又因inthe museum 词组，可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词 on 用的不对，所 以选 A 。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关 系代词 (who， whom， that， which， whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语， when 时间状语， why 原因状语 ) 。语法知识拓展（一）选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整。1. His father died in the yearhe was born.2. He is un likely to fi

16、nd the placehe lived forty years ago.3. Do you remember the dayyou joined our club?4. Rece ntly I bought a beautiful vaseprice was quite reas on able.5. The reas onI came here is to get your help.6. I got the book in a small bookstore, the n ame ofI cannot remember.7.1 will n ever forget the daywe f

17、irst met.8. Is this the factoryyou once worked for?9. Is that the reas onhe gave for his terrible behavior?10. The kind girlshared her umbrella with me this morning turned out to be my boss.（二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. Bamboo grows well in these places.It 'warm and wet all year round in these places.2. Shal

18、l we go shopp ing this weeke nd?I ' have finished all my work by then.3. Sandy is not a very popular sin ger, because of his stra nge way. He dances in a stra nge way.4. Is there any reas on?They don 'agree with each other on anything.5. How can I forget that birthday?I was caught cheati ng

19、on that day.（三）单项填空1. Do you know the reason Tom didn 'come yesterday?A. whichB. whyC.whoD.that2. After livi ng in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small tow nhe grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC.thatD.whe n3. Is this the reason she gavefor not finishing her homework yesterday?A. whyB

20、. for whichC.thatD.to which4. After the war, a new school was put upthere had once bee n a theatre.A. thatB. whichC.whe nD.where5. Do you know the reas onshe got so angry yesterday?A. whyB. thatC. whichD. whom6. Do you believe the reas onhe gave for his being late?A. whyB. for whichC. whichD. it7. H

21、e has got himself into a dan gerous situati onhe is likely to lose con trol over the pla ne.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.A. whereB. whichC. whileD. whe n8. I don 'like the wayA. whichyou speak to her.B. /C. of whichD. by which9. The old man told usthe dayshe was poor

22、were gone.A. that, whe nB. what, whe n C. whe n, that D. someth ing, thatI shall never forget the day Shenzhou Vwas launched,has a great effect on my life.A. whe n; whichB.that; whichC. which; thatD. whe n; thatI walked in the garde n,Tom and Jim were tyi ng a big stri ng onto one of the trees.A. wh

23、ichB.whe nC.whereD .thatLet's put off the pic nic un til n ext week,the weathermay be better.A. asB.thenC.ifD. whe nWe are living in an age many things are done on computer.A. whichB.thatC.whoseD. whe nWin ter is the time of yearthe days are short and ni ghts are long.A. thatB. whichC. whe nD. w

24、hoseIs there anyone in your classfamily is in the city?A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. whoCan you suggest a timewe can meet?A. whichB. whe nC. whereD. howThese dayswe spe nt together cannot be easily forgotte n.A. thatB. whe nC. on whichD.at whichNearly all the foodcomes from an imals and pla nts.A. that

25、eatB. is eate nC. we eatD.that eatsThis isI can do for you right now.A. whichB. thatC. whatD.asI can still remember the sitti ng-roommy mother and I used to sit in the eve ning.D. whereD. thatD. at whichD. at whichA. whatB. whichC. thatOn the train I saw a stude ntI thought was your sister.A. whoB.

26、whomC. whichEgypt is a countryis famous for its pyramids.A. whereB. whichC. i n whichChina is the countryhe spe nt the best part of his life.A. whereB. whichC. in thatHave you got anythingbel ongs to me?A. whichB. thatC. of whichD. whatThis is the magaz ineI copied the paragraph.D. from whichD. asD.

27、 whose hadA. thatB. whichC. from thatI didn 'like the wayshe treated children.A. whichB. thatC. howHe is the only one of the threegot the new idea.A. who haveB. whom have C. who hasThe bossdepartme nt Ms King worked ten years ago look dow n upon wome n.A. i n whichB. in thatC. i n whoseD. whose2

28、9. Alec asked the policema nhe worked to con tact him whe never there was an accide nt.A. with himB. whoC. with whomD. whom30. It was at our college libraryI borrowed the no vel.D. whereA. whichB. i n whichC. that（四）改错1. Is this the museum the one the exhibiti on was held?2. Who is late for the meet

29、ing tomorrow will be punished.3. That is not the hospital that I stayed last time.4. I am looking forward to the day which I become independent.5. Why do you believe a pers on once told so many lies?6. Nobody will forget the earthquake happe ned in Sichua n.7. He is one of the stude nts who is n eve

30、r late.（五）真题回顾1. Occasions are quite rareI have the time to spend a day with my kids. （2008 山东）A. whoB. whichC. whyD. whe n2. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumer complaints haveresulted in changes in the law. （2008 江西）A. whereB. whe nC. whoD. which3. All the n eighbors

31、 admire the familythe pare nts are treati ng their child like a friend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that（2008 安徽）4. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activitysight matters more tha nhearing. （2007 天津）A. whe nB. whoseC. whichD. where5. Today, we 'l discuss a number of casesbeginn

32、ers of English fail to use the Ianguageproperly. （2007 陕西）A. whichB. asC. whyD. where6. Where did you get to know her?It was on the farmwe worked. （ 2007 山东）A. thatB. thereC. whichD. where7. After graduatio n she reached a point in her careershe heeded to decisi on what to do.A. thatB. whatC. whichD

33、. where（2007 江西）8. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. （2007 福建）A. whe nB. whichC. thatD. where9. If a shop has chairswome n can park their men, wome n will spe nd more time in theshop. （2005 上海）A. thatB. whichC. whe nD. where10. There were dirty marks on her trousersshe had wiped her han ds. （ 2004 广西）A. whereB. whichC. whe nD. that参考答案（一）选择适当的关系代词 that, which, who, whom 或whose，把下列句子补充完整。1. when 2. where 3. wh