主谓一致语法及考点讲解附练习题和详解

1、语法讲解：主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即 语法一致、逻辑意义一致和 就近一致原则 。考点 1：对语法一致原则的考查语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1. 主语是单数名词时， 谓语动词一般用单数形式； 主语为复数时， 谓语动词用复数形式。如： His father is working on the farm.Two students are waiting for you in your office.The children were in the classroom two

2、hours ago.考点2 ：对语法附加原则的考查主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with ， together with ， except， but， like ， aswell as ， rather than ， more than ， no less than ，besides，including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如： Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children ， has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playgr

3、ound.Jack as well as his friends is ready to help you.She，like you and Tom ， is very tall.考点 3：对整体原则的考查主语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语以及表示时间、金钱、距离等量度的词作主语时，视为整体看待，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如： To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.Five dollars is enoug

4、h.注意 ：由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。例如： What I bought was a book.What we badly need are good teachers.考点3：对就近一致原则考查在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1 .当两个主语由 either , orneither norwhether or not onlybut also 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如： Either the teacher or the stu

5、dents are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right ？2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and连接的两个主语， 则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如： There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a pen， five pencils and two books on the desk.考点4 ：逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有

6、时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数） 。1. what ， who ， which ， any， more ， all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。 如： Which is your bag ？ / Which are your bags？ / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示 “时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如： Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3.

7、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “ The Arabian Nights ” is an interesting st-obroyok.4. 表数量的短语 “ one and a hal后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。如：One and a half apples is left on the table.5. 算式中表示数目 （字） 的主语通常作单数看待， 其谓语动词采用单数形式。 如： Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

8、6.些学科名词是以-ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics , physics 以及 news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词， 它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单t easy to study.数形式。如： The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn7. trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 a （ the） pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 如： My glasses are broken

9、. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8. 定冠词“ the + 形容词或分词”， 表示某一类人时， 动词用复数。 如： The old are happy.9.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family ， class， crowd ， committee ， population ， audience等。如： Class Four is on the third floor. /Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意

10、：people, police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如： The police are looking for the lost child考点5：代词做主语的考查点Each, either, neither 或由 some-, any-, no-, every-构成的代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither of them is interested in folk songs. 他们两人都对民歌不感兴趣。Either of the stories is astonishing. 这两个故事中的任何一个都令人惊讶。Somebody is waiting for you at

11、 the school gate. 有人在学校大门口等你。注意： none 做主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。但当 none 指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。None of the money in the drawer is mine. 抽屉里的钱没有一点是我的。None has/have been found。一个也没有找到。 each 作同位语时，谓语动词的单复数根据主语而定，不受其影响。如：The students each have a textbook每个学生都有一本课本。考点6： one of + 复数名词/代词的考查点采用语法一致的原则，谓语动词用单数例如： one of

12、 the students in my class is from Hongkong. 我们班有一位学生来自香港。注意：在宾语从句中例外，因为关系代词 who/that/which最靠近复数名词而不是one,故定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。 只有 one 之前出现 the only ， the very 等修饰语时， 定语从 句的谓语动词才用单数形式。例如： He is one of the students who have passed the exam.他是通过考试的学生之一。He is the only one of the students who has passed the e

13、xam.他是通过这次考试的唯一的一名学生。 :考点7：对并列词and 的考查由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意 ：（ 1）若 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时， 如： bread and butter， law and order， war and

14、 peace等，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如： The writer and artist has come.Bread and butter is what we usually have for breakfast.（ 2） 由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no ， each， every more than a （ an） ，many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Every student and every teacher was in the room. /Noboy and no girl likes it.考点 8： 对 of 引导的短语的考

15、查由 “a lot o，f lots of ， all of ， most of ， half of ， some of， plenty of ， the rest of， the majorityof + 名词 ”构成的短语以及由 “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。若of 后面接不可数名词或单数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：A lot of money is wasted. 许多钱被浪费了There are a lot of people in the classroom.Som

16、e of the citizens are for the plan. 有些市民赞同这个计划The rest of the lecture is wonderful.50% of the students in our class are girls.One third of his money is spent on books.注意：a number of许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of"的数量”,主语是number ，谓语用单数。如： a number of new houses have been built there.The number

17、 of the people who know the secret is my limited.考点 9： many a 和 more than one +n 的特殊用法尽管其意义是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Many a student is busy going over their lessons.许多学生正忙着复习功课。注意：more+复数名词+than one做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： More children than one were playing in the shade of the tree.不止一个孩子在树荫下玩。练习：1. One-third of

18、 the area covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees been planted.A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has2. The number of teachers in our college greatly increased last term. A number of teachersin this school from the countryside.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were

19、; is3. What the population of China? One-third of the population workers here.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is4. Not only he but also we right. He as well as we right.A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are5. What he d like a digital watch. What he d like textbooks.A. are; are B. is;

20、is C. is; are D. are; is6. He is one of the boys who here on time. He is the only one of the boys who hereon time. A. has come; have comeB. have come; has comeC. has come; has comeD. have come; have come7. Either you or he interested in playing chess. you or he fond of music at present?A. are; Are B

21、. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is8. Many a professor looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists studied animals and plants in the last two years.A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are9. A knife and a fork on the table. A knife and fork on the table.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is

22、 D. is; are10. Her family much larger than mine four years ago. Her family dancing andsinging when I came in last night.A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were11. How and why Jack came to China not known. When and where to build the new librarynot been decided.A. is; has B. are; has C. i

23、s; have D. are; have12. Now Tom together with his classmates football on the playground.A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing13. Two hundred and fifty pounds too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.A. isB. are C. were D. be14. All but Dick in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were

24、 D. was15. Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child about it.A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks16. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is17. My friend and classmate Paul motorcycles i

25、n his spare time.A. raceB. races C. is raced D. is racing18. There a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.A. areB. isC. has D. have19. The factory, including its machines and buildings, burnt last night.A. isB. are C. were D. was20. Climbing hills of great help to health.A. isB. are C. were

26、 D. be21. Not the teacher but the students excited.A. is B. has C. are D. have22. The injured in the tsunami good care of by some medical teams.A. is taken B. are being taken C. are takingD. is being taken23. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes all that I can spare to talk with you.A. are B. wa

27、s C. is D. were24. Each man and each woman asked to help when the fire broke out.A. isB. was C. are D. were25. About 60 percent of the students from the south; the rest of them fromthe north and foreign countries.A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are1 .Three died in the terrible fire in Luoyan

28、g last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who your close friend, will try my best to help you out o

29、f trouble.A. am B. is C. are D. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 in Beijing of China, which known to usall.A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is5. There a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep up.A. were; itB. are; them C. was; it D. i

30、s; them6. Three million tons of coal every year in the city.A. is exploitedB. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March popular with the young people now.A. isB. was C. are D. were8. Mathematics the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Bot

31、h rice and wheat grown in our country.A. isB. are C. was D. were10. either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need good books.A. isB. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watching C. is se

32、eing D. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. were C. have been D. would be14. At the bus stop a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. were B. was C. is D. sits15. If law and order , neither the citizen nor his family is

33、safe.A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserved16. There little change in that middle school.A. have B. had C. have been D. has been17. What such a sunset strange to us all.A. going to be B. /C. is D. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earth s surface with

34、 water.A. is covered B. is coveringC. were covered D. are covered19. The following some other mental diseases.A. being B. are C. was D. were20. Not only you but also I able to help him out.A. are B. is C. am D. were 21. “ The Kites ” us a story of tshehiksittoery.A. have toldB. tells C. were told D.

35、 was told22. You and I twin sisters.A. were B. are C. is D. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher us something about volunteer workers.A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish over a large period of time.A. rots awayB. rot away C. has rotted away

36、 D. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaning B. are cleaningC. were cleaning D. have cleaned26. Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knows C. is known D. are known27. The defence works built long ago to keep the enemy away

37、.A. were B. has been C. had been D. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease ？”A. Nobody of us hasC. None of us hasB. Nobody of us haveD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers quickly towards their position.A. were advancingB.were advancedC. was advancingD.adva

38、ncing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young sports and games.A. is enjoyB.were enjoyingC. enjoysD.enjoy答案及部分解析：1-5 CBABC 6-10 BBACB 11-15 ADAAB 16-20 DBBDA 21-25 CBCBD1. 分数或百分数+of the+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决 于名词或代词的单、复数形式。2. “thnumber of+名词”作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。“ anumber of+名词”作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。3. “分数或百

39、分数+of the population 作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式。”4. or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut als筹（关联）连词连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数按 “就近原则 ”处理。注意：即使在疑问句中，动词的数也应与最近的主语保持一致。 as well as 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数应与前一主语保持一致。5. what 引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。但当作表语的名词为复数，或what 从句是一个具有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词常用复数形式如： What I say and think are no business

40、 of yours.6. 在 “onoef +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词常用复数；在 the （only） one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词常用单数。8. many a弹数名词，more than one理数名词”作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数， 但谓语常用单数形式。9. 通常情况下，由and或both,and连接两个单数形式的名词（词组）作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 当并列主语在意义上指同一人、 一物、 同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词则常用单数形式。10. 第一句的 her family 应理解为 “她的家庭 ” ； 第二句中的 her

41、family 应理解为 “她 一家人 ” 。12. 当主语后有together with, but, rather than, including等引导的词组时，谓语动词 的数由主语的数来决定。13. 表示度量、时间等的复数名词作主语时，往往把其看作一个整体，谓语动词采用单数形式。16. 第一空前 each 作同位语，不影响谓语动词的数；第二空 each 为主语部分的 中心词，谓语动词应用单数形式。18. There be句型中，谓语动词的数按 就近原则”处理。20. 非谓语动词短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。21. Time and tide wait（s） for no man时不待人

42、。22. “the+容词/-ing形式/-ed分词”作主语表示类人”时，谓语动词常用复数形 式。再者，此处应用被动语态。24 .题干为倒装结构。a pair of trousers为主语部分的中心词，谓语动词应用单数 形式。25 . eacheach，everyevery或nono连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词常用单 数形式。26 . “therest of +名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于 of 后面的名词 或代词的单、复数形式。27 . 本题考查的主谓一致的内容与上一题相同，从句子的语境判断，应当用现在完成时。28 . A mine指my sheep为复数形式。是主动语态。2

43、9 . 本 句 为 倒 装 句 。 主 语 是 a very shy girl with two bright eyes. 核 心 主 语 是 a very shy girl,为单数，全句为过去时。30 .全句的核心主语是Mr. Bush,为单数，全句为将来时。31 .运用就近原则，谓语动词和主语the students一致，此处为主系表结构，用be 动词。32 .主语ten minutes表示时间，被视为一个整体，为单数形式。全句是现在时。33 .本旬核心主语是land,为单数形式，同时注意分数的表达形式。1. 解析：选B. hundred 一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s2. 解析：选D.当eitheror连接两个并