级-U自然灾害

1、7级-U5 自然灾害tornados/tornadoes龙卷风hurricanes飓风avalanches雪崩earthquakes地震droughts干旱fires火灾volcanoes火山cyclone旋风a blizzard 暴风雪a tsunami海啸Hurricanes、typhoons、cyclones 和 tornadoes伴随大风的强烈海洋风暴根据其所在的海洋而有不同的名称。Hurricane Bonnie hit the southeast coast of the US at speeds of over 90 miles per hour. 飓风邦妮以超过 90 英里的时

2、速袭击了美国东南沿海。A typhoon struck last night over the island of Mindanao in the Philippines, destroying many villages. 一场台风昨夜登陆菲律宾棉兰老岛，摧毁许多住宅。The weather system, off the coast of Chennai, has been upgraded to cyclone status. 金奈近海的这一天气系统已升级为旋风状态。在陆地上四处移动的旋转状垂直空气柱被称为 tornado。The tornado traveled more than 1

3、0 miles across the state of Texas, picking up cars and destroying buildings. 这场龙卷风在德克萨斯州境内时速超过 10 英里，卷起许多车辆，摧毁了许多建筑。复习：零条件句零条件句可用于给予指示、建议、警告或信息。注意，if 从句和结果从句均为现在时态。If a tsunami occurs, move to higher ground right away. 如果发生海啸，立即向高处转移。Keep away from the shoreline if a tsunami is approaching land. 如果海

4、啸逼近陆地，不要靠近海岸线。If there is a flood, do not go to a basement. 如果发生洪水，不要进入地下室。Keep away from the shorelineMove to higher groundBe prepared to evacuateListen for more informationTurn off your radioGo to a basementGo to the beachWatch the wavesThis is a message from the Emergency Services. Please listen

5、to the following announcement. An earthquake has just occurred in the Pacific Ocean. A tsunami alert is in effect. If a tsunami occurs , move to higher ground right away. Be prepared to evacuate the area. Remember that if a tsunami is approaching land, keep away from the shoreline. Dont go to the be

6、ach to see the waves. You will not be able to escape. If there is a flood , do not go to a basement. Please keep your radio turned on. We will keep you updated. Thank you.tornado watch龙卷风预警updated更新tornado warning龙卷风警告residents居民What the hell is going on?到底出了什么事？Take cover in a basement.躲到地下室去。Resid

7、ents are advised to remain calm.居民被告知要保持冷静。mattress床垫The tornado watch has been upgraded to a tornado warning. 龙卷风预警已升级为龙卷风警告。理解警告务必理解 watch 和 warning 之间的差别。对于某些自然灾害，watch 指某事也许即将发生，你应当准备好采取行动。但是，warning 则表示某事确定会发生或已在发生，你需要立即采取行动。Theres a tornado watch. We need to be ready, just in case. 有龙卷风预警。我们需要

8、做好准备，以防万一。Theres a tornado warning. Take cover in the basement! Hurry! 有龙卷风警告。躲到地下室去！快点！当某一状况变得更加严重时，则使用 upgraded。当其严重性降低时，使用 downgraded。注意警告中频繁使用被动时态。The storm system was upgraded to a cyclone at 5 oclock this morning. 该风暴系统于今晨 5 时升级为旋风。This just in: The hurricane warning has been downgraded to a h

9、urricane watch. 最新消息：飓风警告已降为飓风预警。专家会告诉你的一件事情是：Dont panic. Try to remain calm. 不要惊慌。尽量保持冷静。a fire truck救火车emergency services紧急服务a paramedic护理人员the coast guard海岸警卫队He was flown by helicopter to the hospital.Some disasters are so bad that the military is called in.She was saved by a rescue worker.Seven

10、 fire trucks were called to the scene.The coast guard rescued them from the ocean.He was taken by ambulance to the hospital.复习：叙事时态当你按一定顺序陈述过去的事件时，记得使用各种时态。一般过去时用一般过去时描述已完成的事件。There was a big earthquake off the coast. 近海发生了一场大地震。过去进行时用过去进行时来提供背景细节，如当某事发生时出现了什么情况。People were swimming in the water whe

11、n the tsunami hit. 海啸袭来时，人们正在水里游泳。过去完成时用过去完成时来为多个过去的事件确定顺序。We had been told to get out of the water before the wave came, but some people hadnt listened. 海浪到来前，我们被告知要离开海水，但一些人没有听到。过去完成进行时过去完成进行时的用法与过去进行时相似，用于添加背景细节。Before the disaster, people had been enjoying themselves on the beach. 灾难发生前，人们一直在海滩上

12、嬉戏。一般现在时为了使故事感受更加直接，你可以使用一般现在时来讲述，即使事情发生在过去。The big wave hits the beach with incredible force. I am absolutely terrified.英语口语的特征在课程的这一环节，你将观察一位亲身经历过自然灾害的人。当 Kevin 谈论他那恐怖的经历时，注意英语口语的以下特征：在句子开头使用 andKevin 在句子开头频繁使用词语 and。And then nobody even talked about it. 然后甚至没有人谈论它。犹豫当他正在思考接下来要说的内容时，他出现犹豫，并发出 uh 声

13、。I was living in Japan in a little city called, uh, Odawara. 我居住在日本的一个小城市叫做，呃，小田原城。强调在非正式的交谈中，说话者通常用单词 really 表示强调。为了进一步强调，Kevin 使用了该单词两次。All of a sudden it got really, really quiet. 突然，它变得真的，真的很安静了。怎么Kevin 有时使用 how come 来代替 why。How come everybody isnt even talking about this? 怎么大家甚至没有再谈论起这个呢？用感官词汇增

14、强兴趣说话者有时使用多个词语，帮助聆听者体会某个故事的声音和场面。例如，Kevin 使用了动词 squeaking 和 creaking 来描述声音。You could hear this squeaking or creaking. 您可以听到这样的尖叫声和吱吱作响声。Its got to be total destruction.一切都毁了。It was crazy.太疯狂了。The tornado hit them head-on.这场龙卷风正面袭击了他们。head-onadj. 正面的；直接的；头朝前的adv. 迎头；头朝前地；正面针对地表达震惊人们通过不同的方式表达震惊。Ive ne

15、ver experienced anything like that before. 我从来没有经历过那样的事。I thought I was going to die! It was crazy! 我觉得自己快要死了！太疯狂了！有时，震惊可通过提供与灾难有关的信息来表达。Two men went into the water and saved the boy. They were heroes! 两名男子跳进水里，救了那个小孩。他们是英雄！The whole building started shaking. Then all the windows shattered. 整栋建筑都开始摇

16、晃起来。然后，所有的窗户都碎了。shatter英 t 美 t vt. 粉碎；打碎；破坏；破掉；使散开Most of the buildings had collapsed. It was awful. 大多数建筑物都已倒塌。太恐怖了。The earthquake was 7.0 on the Richter scale! Were lucky to be alive! 这场地震达到了里氏 7.0 级！我们能活下来真是万幸！There were injured people everywhere. That couldve been me. 到处都是伤员。那本可能就是我。How big was

17、the earthquake on the Richter scale?这场地震达到了里氏多少级？I wasnt hurt, but I still feel pretty shook up.我没有受伤，但仍觉得惊慌失措。shake up 不安的forest fire森林火灾destroyed毁坏evacuated疏散hospitalized住院control控制spreading蔓延lost失去collecting donations募捐hospitalize英 hspt()laz 美 hsptlaz vt. 就医；送进医院治疗灾害动词用此类动词来描述灾难：The fire spread q

18、uickly through the forest. 大火在森林中迅速蔓延。The emergency services did everything they could. 紧急服务人员拼尽了全力。Firefighters eventually managed to control the fire. 消防队员们最终成功控制住了火势。Many people donated money to help the survivors. 许多人捐钱帮助幸存者。用此类动词描述后果。注意被动形式。Over 100 people were killed in the fire. 100 多人在火灾中丧生。

19、Many people have been hospitalized. 许多人被送往医院。Thousands of buildings were destroyed. 数百座建筑物被摧毁。(damage /in ruin/pick up)People have been evacuated from their homes. 人们从家中疏散出来。VerbNounVerbNounevacuateevacuationassistassistancedestroydestructionhospitalizehospitalcollectcollectiondonatedonationMany bui

20、ldings were destroyed in the earthquake.许多建筑物在这场地震中被毁The firefighters now have control of the fire.消防队员现已控制住火势。Have control of out of controlPeople living on the coast were evacuated.海边的居民被疏散。She was hospitalized with a broken leg. 她断了一条腿，被送进了医院。复习：文章不定冠词 a 和 an在非特定的单数名词或位于此类名词前的形容词前使用 a 和 an。此类冠词的含

21、义为“一”。此外，在辨别某事物时使用 a 和 an。The victims are in a hospital.Did you feel that shaking? It was an earthquake!He was killed in an avalanche.It was an awful disaster.用不定冠词与 there + be 搭配使用。Theres been an earthquake.There was a tornado.定冠词 the在特定的名词或位于此类名词前的形容词前使用 the。用 the 表示独特的地方和已命名的事物，如 the Red Cross。My

22、 home was destroyed in the flood last year.They were rescued by the Coast Guard.The injured victims were hospitalized.零冠词不定复数和不可数名词不使用冠词。Firefighters came from many different counties.Airplanes were used to drop water on the fire.There was a large earthquake in Alaska. The earthquake measured 6.8 on

23、 the Richter scale. Luckily, all people in the area were evacuated before the earthquake occurred.表达同情Oh, no!哦，不！Thats terrible.太糟糕了。Those poor people.这些可怜人。It makes me sad just to think about it.仅仅想到它都让我悲痛万分。Thats awful.太可怕了。That mustve been terrible.I cant imagine what it must be like.我无法想象会是什么样子。

24、Im sorry to hear that.很抱歉听到这些。请把词条移至正确的间隔处。FRED: I heard about your trip to Guatemala. Im so sorry .PEGGY: Thanks, Fred.FRED: I mean, who would expect a volcano on their vacation?PEGGY: Yeah. FRED: I cant imagine what it must have been like.PEGGY: Well, it was kind of like a dream. Before we were ev

25、acuated, I really thought I was going to die. Some people did die.FRED: Thats awful . Those poor people .PEGGY: Yeah. It really was terrible . Im very happy to be home, but it makes me sad to think about all the destruction and death in that town. I cant imagine what a tornado must be like.我无法想象龙卷风会

26、是什么样子。复习：过去被动语态用过去被动语态来强调某个动作或事件，而非其主动者。例如，在此句子中，强调更多的是建筑物，而不是火灾：Many buildings were destroyed in the fire. 许多建筑物在这场火灾中被毁。在被动结构中，动作的主动者可完全省略。这常常发生在主动者不重要或未知时：I was evacuated (by the military). 我被（军方）疏散了。The tornado warning was announced on the radio (by someone). 龙卷风警告通过广播（被某人）发布了。当主动者属于常识或包含主动者将陈述明

27、显的事实时，也会被省略：Thousands of people were killed (in the tsunami). 数千人（在海啸中）丧生。The fire was eventually put out (by the firefighters). 这场火灾最终被（消防队员）扑灭。Last year I experienced my first hurricane. It was incredible. Hurricane warnings were announced for several days, so most people were ready, but I couldnt

28、 have imagined what would happen. The wind was blowing like crazy. The city was flooded . There was a lot of destruction. Then, all of a sudden, everything was calm. We were in the eye of the hurricane. Thats the center of the storm. The calm lasted for about 30 minutes, and then the wind and floodi

29、ng started all over again. No one was killed in the disaster, but many were hospitalized . Ill never forget it.Got it.明白了。relief effort救援行动volunteered to help at a fundraiser自愿在募捐活动中帮忙victims灾民donating blankets捐献毯子collect tickets检票Victims especially need blankets because of the cold.So many people a

30、re involved in the relief effort .Do you have the time to volunteer?Im collecting tickets at the fundraiser.检票Do you think a fundraiser is a good way to raise money?募捐活动Hes very generous. He donated $ 50 to the fund.请把词条移至正确的间隔处。Hewittville Fundraiser, Saturday, November 5thPlease join us in the rel

31、ief effort for victims of the Hewittville fire.Doors open at 10 a.m. There will be food and live music! Tickets are $20.Bring any donations you can blankets , food, etc.All donations of money will go directly to the Red Cross.We still need volunteers to help with:collecting tickets at the door colle

32、cting donations serving foodPlease show your generosity !We have temporary housing for the victims.My job is to collect tickets at the door.我的工作是在门口检票。Can you volunteer to help with the relief effort?你能否自愿为救援工作出一把力？The fundraiser raised/collected more than a million dollars.这场募捐活动筹集了超过一百万美元。带of 的量词在

33、量词后使用 of。注意，of 后通常使用代词、限定词、所有格或 the。使用 many 搭配可数名词，使用 much 搭配不可数名词。He gave many of his canned goods to the relief effort. 他捐出了许多罐装食品用于救灾。The fire burned much of the county. 大火烧毁了这个县的大部分。使用 a few of 搭配可数名词，使用 a little of 搭配不可数名词。I ate dinner with a few of the volunteers. 我和几个志愿者一起吃了饭。Only a little of

34、 the donated money was used for the fundraiser. 只有小部分善款用于筹款会。使用 some 表达复数名词的肯定陈述，使用 any 表达复数名词的否定陈述。Some of my friends live in Hewittville. 我的一些朋友住在美国休伊特维尔。I dont have any of those warm blankets. 我没有保暖毯、使用 most of、all of 和 none of 搭配复数名词，使用 each of 搭配单数名词。Most of the volunteers are young people. 大多数

35、志愿者都是年轻人。All of Hewittvilles buildings were damaged or destroyed. 休伊特维尔的所有建筑都被损坏或摧毁。He needed a coat, but none of them fit. 他需要一件外套，但是这些都不合身。Each of you should volunteer at the fundraiser. 你们每个人都应该在募捐活动中做志愿者。Many of the victims have lost everythingDo you know any of the evacuated families?Luckily, none of the firefighters were injured.Much of the money is for housing.Each of us