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1、【英语】高三英语精准培优专练:名词(附解析)一、单项选择名词1. Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant _in the office.A. circumstance B. atmosphereC. surroundingsD. consequence【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:自从他们吵架以来,办公室里一直有一种不愉快的气氛。A. circumstance环境,状况; B. atmosphere 大气,气氛; C. surroundings 环境; D. consequence 结果,后 果。因为有人争吵,因

2、此办公室的气氛和氛围不好,故选 atmosphere合乎句意。故选 B。2. As for your about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask himeither to give you another pair or to give your money back.A. composition B . compromise C. complaint D . concept【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。 A. composition 作文; B. compromise 妥协; C. complai

3、nt 抱怨; D. concept 概念。句意:先生,关于你对这双鞋的投诉,我会和负责的人谈谈,让他要么给你另一双 鞋,要么把钱还给你。complaint aboutK抱怨",故选 C3. Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and.A. burden B. depressionC. benefit D. sacrifice【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:拯救大兵瑞恩是一部令人难忘的反战电影,也是一个关于勇气和牺牲的故事。 A. burden负

4、担;B. depression压抑;C. benefit好处,益处; D. sacrifice牺牲;空格处与courage并列,都应该是褒义词,再结合电影情节,故选 D项。4attention to surrounding traffic is a(n) _to accidents.A. Drivers not paying; invitationB. Drivers ' not paying; invitationC. Drivers not paying; causeD. Drivers ' not paying; cause【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词和名词。句意

5、:司机不注意周围的交通会引起事故。此处是动名词的否定形式作主语,且逻辑主语是名词所有格形式,所以第一个空应填Drivers ' not paying第二个空, an invitation to “- 的一个邀请” ,结合句意此空填 invitation 。故选B。5 Please read the on the bottle and take the right amount of medicine.A explanations B instructionsC descriptions D introductions【答案】 B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:请阅读瓶子上的说明,并

6、服用适量的药物。 A. explanations 解释; B.instructions 说明; C. descriptions 描述; D. introductions 介绍。由 “ take the right amount ofmedicine. 可知,应该按照瓶子上的说明服用适量的药物。所以”instructions 说明 “”符合句意。故 B 选项正确。6 To be honest, she had a great for the small town where she grew up.A effectB effortC affectionD patience【答案】 C【解析】【详

7、解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:说实话,她对她长大的那个小镇有很深的感情。 A. effect 影响; B. effort 努力; C. affection 深情; D. patience 耐心。短语 have a great affection for sth. 意为 “对某物钟爱,对某物有深挚的感情” 。故选C。7 I have absolutely no the students who get caught cheating in exams even thoughthey were seriously punished.A impact onB sympathy forC concern

8、 aboutD complaint about【答案】 B【解析】【详解】考查短语辨析。句意:我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生,即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。 A. impact on 影响; B. sympathy for 同情; C. concern about 担心;关心; D. complaint about投诉;对抱怨。根据句意可知选B。8 He made an to me for losing my book.A apologyB ambitionC appearanceD alarm【答案】 A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他为弄丢了我的书而向我道歉。 A. apolog

9、y 道歉; B. ambition 抱负;C. appearance出现;D. alarm警报。根据 afor losing my book可知,此处表示向我道歉”,故 A 项正确。9 This new phone is aimed at young people in the 18- 25 age and in the eye of them,the product can a message to other people that they are well-off.A range; deliver B dimension; convey C range; conveyD dimensi

10、on; deliver【答案】 C【解析】【详解】考查名词和动词辨析。句意:这款新手机针对的是18- 25 岁的年轻人,在他们眼中,这款产品可以向其他人传达一个信息,他们很富裕。短语 in .age range在年龄范围内”,故第一空应用 range , dimension 表示 “尺寸;体积” ;第二空中 deliver 表示 “交付;递送” ,convey 表示 “传达;传输 ” ,结合句意故选C。10 is Virginia Woolf s most autobiographical novel, which deavseelorpiess ofthoughts rather than

11、a plot, centering on themes like women s role in society, death and change.A The Garden Party B The Green Room C To the LighthouseD Daisy Miller【答案】 C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:到灯塔去是弗吉尼亚伍尔夫最具自传体色彩的小说,它围绕女性在社会中的角色、死亡和变化等主题展开了一系列的思考而非情节的描写。 A. TheGarden Party花园聚会;B. The Green Room候场室; C. To the Lighthouse到灯塔去;

12、D. Daisy Miller黛西 米勒。由 "Virginia Woolf 可知,Virginia Woolf 是 To the Lighthouse到灯塔去的作者。故选 C项。11 As global warming increases, the Earth will become less and less suited to life, and many species will face .A extinctionB directionC calculationD application【答案】 A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着全球变暖的加剧,地球将越来越不适

13、合生命生存,许多物种将面临灭绝。 A. extinction 灭绝,消失; B. direction 指导; C. calculation 计算; D.application 申请;应用。结合句意,故选A。12 (天津) The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight of rain later tonight.A effectB senseC changeD chance【答案】 D【解析】试题分析:句意:天气预报说今天今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选 D。考点:考查名词辨析

14、。13 It makes no to me whether he will go to the city or not. Anyhow, I will go.A thingB differenceC matterD affair【答案】 B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他去不去城里对我来说没什么影响。不管怎样,我都会去。A. thing 事物; B. difference 不同; C. matter 事情,问题; D. affair 事件,事务。make no difference to对无影响,符合句意,故选 B。14 On November 11, Alibaba sold mo

15、re than 210 billion yuan goods on its ecommerce platforms T and TMall, making headlines all over the world.A sum of B value forC worth of D profit for【答案】 C【解析】【详解】考名词短语辨析。 A. sum of的总和;B. value for物有所值(多形容质量);C. worth of值的价值(多用于实际价值);D. profit for利润为。句意:11月11日,阿里巴巴在其电子商务平台淘宝和天猫上销售了价值2100 多亿元的商品,成为全

16、世界的头条新闻。15 He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.A aspectB appearanceC talentD character【答案】 D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:他证明了自己是一个真正的绅士,当他和别人一起工作时,他的性格之美达到了极致。 A. aspect 方面; B. appearance 外貌; C. talent 才华,天才; D. character 性格,品质。根据句中 a true

17、gentleman 和 when he worked with others. 可判断绅士在工作时表现出的是性格品质,而不是外表或才华,故选 D。16 Students and teachers gather together for a morning each Monday toattend the ceremony of raising the national flag.A inspection B inscriptionC assembly D commitment【答案】 C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:每周一,学生和老师们齐聚一堂,参加升旗仪式。 A. inspection

18、 检查; B. inscription 题词; C. assembly 集合; D. commitment 承诺,根据题意,故选 C。17 Have all the VIPs gone on yet? The flight is taking off soon.A footB boardC dutyD sale【答案】 B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的 VIP都已经登记了吗?飞机马上要起飞了。A. foot脚;B . board木板;C. duty义务;D. sale销售。通过后句语境可知飞机马上要起飞了,因此前 句使用 on board “登机 ”切题。故选 B 项。18 I

19、n spite of being in great , the three injured football players managed to score agoal playing as a team.A painB additionC controlD charge【答案】 A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管非常痛苦,这三名受伤的足球运动员努力为团队进球得分。 A. pain 痛苦; B. addition 增加; C. control 控制; D. charge 充电。根据后句 “ the three injured football players 可知三名运动员受伤,

20、结合语境可知 ”A 项 pain 痛“苦 ”切合题意。故选 A 项。19 One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find with othersand brings laugher to people of all ages.A mistakeB errorC blameD fault【答案】 D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:迪士尼的卡通人物之一唐老鸭总是急着去挑别人的毛病,给各个年龄段的人带来笑声。 A. mistake 错误; B. error 错误; C. blame 责备;

21、D. fault 缺点、毛病。find fault with sb是固定搭配,表示挑某人毛病”,故D项正确。20 As all the readers can see, the painting presents the children s mood before the trip andafter the trip in a sharp .A oppositeB contrastC comparisonD contrary【答案】 D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:正如读者们所看到的,这幅画呈现了孩子们出游前后的心情,二者是截然相反的。 A. opposite 对立面; B. co

22、ntrast 对照; C. comparison 比较; D. contrary相反。此处对比孩子们出游前后的心情, in a sharp contrary 表示 “恰恰相反” ,故D 项正确。21 Whatever we do, we will make it. As long as we take the we should have toachieve our goal.A sympathyB techniqueC passionD patience【答案】 C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:不管我们做什么,我们都会成功的。只要我们有激情,我们就应能实现我们的目标。 A. sym

23、pathy 同情; B. technique 技巧; C. passion 激情; D. patience 耐心。根据“we should have to achieve our goal. 可知此处强调 ” “拥有实现目标的激情” ,故C项正确。22 Many scientists have believed that there may be a of life on the Mars.A signalB signC markD sigh【答案】 B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:很多科学家相信在火星上有生命迹象。A. signal信号;B. sign标语,迹象; C. mark 标记

24、; D. sigh 叹气。火星上的生命是有迹象的。故选 B。23 If you want to get a good , you d better stand on the top of the hill.A sightB sceneC lookD view【答案】 D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:如果你想有一个好的视野,你最好站在山顶上。 A. sight 景象; B.scene场面;C. look样子;D. view视野。习惯用法:get/have a good view 有好的视野或视角”。故选Do24 . Tony put on soft music and turned dow

25、n the lights in order to give a more relaxed athome.A. viewB. attitudeC. styleD. atmosphere【答案】D 【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:托尼放了柔和的音乐,把灯调暗,以便使家里的气氛更轻松。A. view视野,风景;B. attitude态度;C. style风格;D. atmosphere气氛。根据语境及选项 分析可知,此处指更轻松的氛围”。故选Do25 . A huge _ was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my

26、 problems.A. burdenB. riskC. holeD. disaster【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我告诉父母我的问题时,我肩上的重担减轻了。A. burden负担;B. risk冒险;C. hole洞;D. disaster灾难。根据句意及选项可知,此处使用负担减轻”符合题意。故选Ao26 . If you feel any in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping.A. tensionB. abortionC. submissionD. dimension【

27、答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果你感到颈部肌肉紧张,睡觉时放一个毛巾在头下垫着。A.tension紧张(在句中表示颈部肌肉紧张 );B. abortion堕胎;C. submission屈服、提交;D.dimension方面、维度。结合句意可知,此处用 颈部肌肉紧张”符合语境,故选 A项。27 . The application of VR in classroom teaching received a mixed among students.A. explanation B. motivation C. reception D. adaptation【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意:学生们对虚拟现实技术在课堂教学中的应用有褒贬不一的接受。A.explanation 解释;B. motivation 动机;C. reception 接受;D. adaptation 适应。根据句意, 故选Co28 The football always reminds me of my mistake in that match, so I put it away somewhereout of my .A scene B sightC view D scenery【答案】 B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. scene情景;B. sight视力、视野;

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