第二讲揣摩隐含之意稳拿推理判断题

1、第二讲 揣摩隐含之意 稳拿推理判断题题型概述推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发， 运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。其考查形式 通常包括：1推断隐含含义；2推断作者的观点和态度；3推断写作目的和意图；4推断文章的出处； 5推断文章中人物的性格态度等。解题步骤技法 1 细节推断题关键信息显神功示例 （2018年6月浙江高考阅读 A节选）In 1870， when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous

2、 and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon （名人堂） of English literature would make about as much

3、 sense as the Louvre selling otfhf e Mona Lisa.22Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress Ahis reputation in France Bhis interest in modern art Chis success in publicationD his importance in literature试题特点 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、 事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词， 运用

4、逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。解题思路Step 1：找词 确定题干中的关键词 （题干黑体字 ）Step 2：定位 根据关键词定位信息句 （画波浪线句 ）Step 3：尝试解答 根据信息句“将狄更斯从英国文学的名人堂中移除与卢浮 宫出售蒙娜丽莎有着同样的道理”可推断出，作者将狄更斯与蒙娜丽莎 这幅世界名画进行对比，是想强调狄更斯在文坛的重要地位。故选D。名师点津 1一定要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是进行 细节推理的前提和基础。2根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或 常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。技

5、法 2 逻辑推断题 逻辑关系细推敲示例 （2018年 11月浙江高考 阅读 C节选）But this summer I find myself at a loss.I m not quite interest，eds iany ，Baolzr ac“ Tristram Shandy. ” There Wsa arlawnadysP eace，which I ve covered some distance several times，only to get_bogged_downi n the “ War”， psaetr tit aside for a while， and realize

6、that I have to start over from the beginning again， having forgotten everyone nsa me and social rank.How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite once more into “ The Wave“s”Ju osrt ine，” which feels almost like cheating，too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.29 Wh

7、y does the author sayr eading his favorite books feels like cheating?A He finishes them quickly.BHe should read something serious.C He barely understands them.D He has read them many times before.试题特点 逻辑推断题主要考查考生根据全篇、 全段、上下文逻辑关系， 结合相关信息的暗 示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。解题思路Step 1：找词确定题干中的关键词 （题干黑体字 ）Step 2：定

8、位 根据关键词定位信息句 （画波浪线句 ）Step 3：尝试解答 根据信息句可知，作者再次读到自己最喜欢的书时，感到 非常刺激和兴奋。 同时感觉自己兴奋的心情与严肃的作品不适合， 所以这时候会 有 cheating 的感觉，认为自己应该读一些严肃的东西。故选 B。名师点津 1抓与之相关的关键信息，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义。 2根据上下文逻辑关系，进行实事求是的判断，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是 仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好进行判断。技法 3 目的意图题 主旨文体推意图示例 （2017年 11月浙江高考 阅读 C）There are energy savings to be ma

9、de from all recyclable materials，sometimes huge savings.Recycling plastics and aluminum，for instance，uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting 提（ 炼） aluminum.Long before most of us even noticed what we now call “the environment，” Buckminster Fuller said ，“ Pollution is

10、nothing but the resources（资源） we are not harvesting.We allow them to be left around because we veb een ignorant of their value.”To take one example，let cosm pare the throwaway economy（经济 ） with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.Say your cat weigh 5kg and eats one can of food each day.Eac

11、h empty can of its food weighs 40g.In a throwaway economy， you would throw away 5，475 cans over the cat s 15-year lifetime.That s 219kmg orfe s theaenl a fifth of a ton and more than40 times the cat s weight.In a recycling economy，we would make one set of 100 cans to start wit，hthen replace them ove

12、r and over again with recycled cans.Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing，we d have to make an extra 10 cans each year.But in a，ll only150 cans will be used up over the cats lifetime ll havaen d1 0w0e leftl lo svtei r forthe next cat.30What is the author s purpose in writing the t

13、ext?A To promote the idea of recycling.BTo introduce an environmentalist.C To discuss the causes of pollution.D To defend the throwaway economy. 试题特点目的意图题要求考生根据文章的论述， 揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作 手法的目的。 作者一般不直接表明自己的意图， 而是通过文章所提供的事实， 客 观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。题干中常有 purpose， in order to 等词。 解题思路Step 1：定位体现文章目的意图的信息句 （画波

14、浪线句 ）Step 2：详读回收利用可大大节约资源，并引用伟大建筑师富勒的话和给猫 喂食的例子说明循环经济的价值所在。Step 3：尝试解答 本文用数字对比了循环经济和一次性经济消耗资源的不同 结果，故写作目的是推广回收利用的价值理念。故选 A 。名师点津巧用文体解题 记叙文一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。应用文文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾 向的语言。说明文写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。议论文提出论点 进行论证 得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于 最后一部分中。技法 4 观点态度题

15、褒贬措辞定态度示例 （2017 全国卷阅读 C 节选）s decisionInventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s， according to Robert Mann， an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use

16、special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircr

17、af，t which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition ，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.30What is the government asttitude to the development oft he flying car? A Cautious.BFavorable. C Ambiguous.D Disapproving.试题特点 文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、 观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行 间或流露于修饰词之中。题干中常有 think of ，attitude，opinion 等词。解题思路Step 1：找词 确定题干中的关键词 （题干黑体字 ） Step 2：定位 根据关键词定位信息句 （画波浪线句 ） Step 3：尝试解答 根据信息句“政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料，使车辆 更容易飞行”可判断出，政府对研制飞车持支持的态度。故选 B。名师点津4 个关注点关注点 1看