Grammar(2)定语从句

1、GRAMMAR定语从句（一）在英语中，修饰名词或代词的成分被称为定语，根据定语出现在名词或代 词前后的位置可以将其分为前置定语和后置定语。如在a developing country 和 agirl in red 中，developing 和 in red 分别是前置定语和后置定语。一般而言，前置 定语经常由单个词充当，而后置定语则由短语或句子充当，当一个句子充当定语 修饰前面的名词或代词时，就被称为定语从句。【观察与翻译】观察下列例句划线部分的语法成分及组成规律，并试着翻译句 子。1. The boy who is readi ng a book over there is my frie

2、nd.译为：_2. All that glitters is not gold.译为：_上述两个例句中划线部分均为定语从句，分别修饰前面的名词the boy 和代词 all，这两个词被称为先行词。同学们也许注意到了这两个定语从句中的who和 that，这两个词究竟为什么出现在这里，在这里起什么作用，有什么规律可循 吗？下面我们就具体来看看定语从句的结构特点。定语从句中有两个关键概念：先行词和关系词（关系代词或关系副词）。在上面两个例句中引导定语从句的 who 和 that 属于关系代词，本单元我们先来学 习关系代词引导的定语从句。一、关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间

3、， 身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：指代功能在从句、 中的作用、指代人指代物指代人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom / whowhichthat【观察与分析】 观察下列例句，指出其中的先行词和关系代词，并分析关系代词在定语从句中的作用。1. The professor who gave us a speech yesterday is from the USA.先行词为_，关系代词为_ ，在从句中作_。2. The book which my teacher lent me is ve

4、ry useful.先行词为 _，关系代词为_ ，在从句中作_。3.1 m interested in all that you have told me.先行词为_，关系代词为_ ，在从句中作_。4. You will find the n earest market whose door faces south.先行词为_，关系代词为_ ，在从句中作_。5. The author whom you criticized in your review has written a reply.先行词为_，关系代词为_ ，在从句中作_。二、注意事项1. 先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词通常可

5、省略。如：The dish (that) myfather cooks is always delicious.2.当先行词是 all, everything, something, nothing 等(复合)不定代词或先行词 被 first,last, only, few, much 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词一般多用 that，不用which。如：The first thing that I do when I wake up every morning is to drink some water.There is always something that we are no

6、t satisfied with in our life.3. 当先行词由人和物共同充当时，关系代词只能用that。如：We talked about the people and things that we remembered in middle school.4. whose 在定语从句中既可以指人，也可以指物，用作名词的限定语，可以用“the+ n. + of whom / of which ”结构代替。如：My brother, whose house (the house of whom) we just passed, is a doctor.定语whose (=of whom

7、)whose (=of which)There are still many people whose living conditions (the living conditions of whom) areterrible.【即学即练】I. 根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。1. This is the best film _ 我（ 看过的 ）.2. He has a daughter _在（ 医院工作的 ）.3. The tree _ 叶（ 子变红了的 ） is an old one.II. 从 A 、 B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Is there

8、 anything _ I can do for you?A. which B. who C. whom D. that2. I have seen some strange trees, _ open at sunrise and close at sunset.A. which the leaves B. whose leavesC. which leaves D. their leaves3. All _ we need is enough rest after long hours work.A. the thing B. that C. what D. which4. On the

9、train I saw a girl _ I thought was your sister.A. who B. whom C. which D. what5. Have you seen the film“Titanic”_leading actor is world-famous?A. its B. that C. whose D. whichKeys:【观察与翻译】1. 在那边读书的那个男孩是我的朋友。2. 发光的不一定都是金子。 【观察与分析】1. professo; who;主语2. book； which;宾语3. all; that;宾语4. market; whose;定语5. author; w