英语国家概况社会文化入门简答题上册答案

1、1 (1)What are the purposes of the British education system? (2)Please comment on these purposes. (3)What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? (4)Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations?答： (1)The purpose of the British education system is to tea

2、ch children practical skills and socialize them. (2)Children learn practical skills, and the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy. (3)The purpose of the Chinese education is

3、 to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society. (4) In china, people think school is just about teaching children what are often called ” the three R's- “reading, writing and arithmetic ”(reading, writing and arithmetic).2. How do

4、es the British education reflect social class?British education reflect the deeper divisions in British society in which social class is still very important: class inequality can be erased or continued according to education policy.What's more, the enduring featureof British education is the co

5、ntinuing debate over how “equal ” educational opportunity should be. In British, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school (or college)tie is a clear marker of social class. Even on informal occasions you w

6、ill sometimes see men wearing their school ties as belts to hold up their trousersproudly displaying their attendance ata certain school. In Britain, where you are educated is very important to you future.3 what are the major changes that have taken place since World war 2? Is British education movi

7、ng towards more progress or more equality? Pick up somee xamples from the text to illustrate your points.Other major changes to the British education system were caused by world war 。 This time, the new system would emphasize equality. The result was the 1944 Education Act which madee ntry to second

8、ary schools and universities ” merito cratic ”. Children would be abilities they displayed. All children were given the right to a free secondary education and the main concern was to make sure more children had access to a good education. In the 1960s,comprehensive schools were introduced all over

9、the country, which ended the division between grammar schoolswhere the most academically capablepupils were sent to be prepared for universityand vocational school whereless successful pupils were sent to learn allowed to let children "compete" for places.4. Why does the author say that un

10、iversities in Britain have been rather elitist?答：Most students were from the middle classes, attended good schools,performed well in their A-levels and received a fully-funded place in a university. In recent years, great efforts have been made to increase thenumbers of and kinds of people that purs

11、ue higher education. Access for mature students and students without traditional A-level qualifications is widening.5. (1) what is the OpenUniversity in Britain? (2)What do you think of thissystem?(1) The Open University offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and

12、receive a university degree. People can follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, residential schools and a network of study centre.(2) It was the Open University which provided the inspiration for the founding of China 's TV and Radio Universi

13、ty.Unit 8 British Foreign Relationsand how did the British empire end? Howd id the British react to this reality? Howd id the end of British imperialism influence the psychology of the British and the making of Britain's foreign policy?(1) The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rap

14、id. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. T

15、hroughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.(2) On the one hand, the British could no longer afford to maintain its empire; while Britain had won the war, it had pai

16、d a terrible price in terms of lives and in terms of economic destruction. On the other hand, the British realized that countries should be granted the independence and left to run their own affairs. People and territory should not just be treated as a source of economic resources for the ruling cen

17、tres of commerce in Europe.(3) Because the end of the British empire is so comparatively recent, many people are still alive who can remember when Britain was one of the most powerful and rich nations on earth.The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is great influenced by its imperial history. Bec

18、ause Britain lost its empire so recently, British policy-makers frequently forget that Britain is not as influential as it used to be in world affairs. Historians argue that the British foreign policy-makers retain very conservative and traditional views of Britain's role as a world power and po

19、int to many major foreign policy decisions as examples.2. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences Br

20、itish policy-makers is its history.3. Howi s Britain's foreign policy made?D oes the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?(1)The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involve

21、d is of course theForeign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.(2) Since Britain is a parliamentary democracy, the government's foreign policy in theory represents the desires of its elect

22、orate, but in fact British citizens are more concerned about issues closer to home. On the whole, they are not very inclined to try to influence the direction of Britain's foreign policy.4. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?1)The de

23、cision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been ve

24、ry interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.2)However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.5. Whyd

25、 oes the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied durin

26、g World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike s

27、tate should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.was the purpose of establishing the NATO in the author's opinion? Do you agree with him? Explain your point.1)The purpose of NATO is to protect member states against aggression, to provide a foundation for security in Europe, and to

28、provide a form for transatlantic defence cooperation.2)We disagree with the opinion. Actually, the United States is striving to lead and dominate NATO and using it as a means to materialize its global hegemon dream.Unit 9 The British Media1. The author says that “the media” are central to British le

29、isure culture ”, why does the author say so? What are some of the similarities and differences in terms of the function between the British media and the Chinese media?(1)On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons set

30、tle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the popula

31、tion engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.(2)In north America, there are literally scores of different channels, to watch, from homeshopping chanels to 24 hours news channels, to channels that specialise in old comedy shows. Britain

32、, in contrast, still has a fairly conservative television culture. There are still only a limited number of television channels, and satellite TV is still not as popular or as widely available as in the United States. this limited number of television channels, and state control of ownership of such

33、 channels, helps to unify the entire country. The broadcasting act is designed to keep ownership to broadcast media widely spread so there are no concentrations of media power in the hands of a few, and foreign ownership(that is ownership outside EU)is mainly prohibited. the samel egislation also co

34、ntains safeguards to maintain certain standards of decency, taste, accuracy and balance.are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?1)British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are

35、 reflected in the newspapers people read.2)In the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.3. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the Briti

36、sh press and politics or business?The British press is not free from the government control and censorship. They influence each other mutually.1)The British press acts as a watchdog on politics, while there are some political laws (such as laws of libel and defamation and the Official Secrets Act) w

37、hich limit the freedom of press as well.2)The revenue from business(like ad) makes up the bulk of most newspapers' income, and newspaper is an effective tool of promoting the business. They bring profits to each other.4. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting sy

38、stems?vUnit10 Sports,Holidays and Festivals in Britainsome examples from the text to demonstrate how Christian church has influenced the sports and leisure activities of the British One very obvious example is how Sunday the day of the week when everyone traditionally went to church is still the day

39、 the most people have offin the UK.is cricket very English?Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English values?1) Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organized rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.2) As generation

40、s of public boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colony, crickets became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of“fair play ” which characterizedBritish government.do the British celebrate Christmas?In what way does this holiday and theways o

41、f celebration in Britain reflect Western cultural tradition in general and British traditions in particular.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British:one is the Christmas Pantomime, another is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message, and the third one is Boxing Day.(第二

42、小问找不到答案。 )what way are the Welsh people different from England,Scotland,and Northern Ireland in celebrating their holidays?It is in the local festivals of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland that the distinctive cultural and political identities of the four nations of the United Kingdom ca

43、n be seen. Many festivals and customs have been invented, adopted and used to serve political or religious functions in times of conflict. For example the hist oric battles between the Protestants新教徒 and Catholics in the 17th ntury are commemorated, often with symbolic or even real violence, in ngla

44、nd and Northern Ireland. Special days inScotland and Wales demonst rate their national pride in their unique languages and cultures and mind us that there is much more to the UK than "the English" and "England".unit7 1. (l)What are the purposes of the British education system? 2)

45、Please comment on these purposes. (3)What are the main purposes of the Chinese education system? (4)Are there any differences or similarities in the education of the two nations ？ ( l)The purpose of the British education system is to teach children practical skills and socialize them. (2)Children le

46、arn practical skills, and the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy. (3)The purpose of the Chinese education is to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills t

47、hey will need to become active members of society. (4) In china, people think school is just about teaching children what are often called” the three R 's” reading, writingand 'arithmetic '( reading, writingand arithmetic).2. How does the British education reflect social class? British e

48、ducation reflect the deeper divisions in British society in which social class is still very impo 内 ant: class inequality can be erased or continued according to education policy. What 's more, the enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over how "equal ” educational

49、opportunity should be. In British, the accent you speak with, the clothes you wear, and the schools you attend are all markers that identify your social class. The school (or college)tie is a clear marker of social class. Even on informal occasions you will sometimes see men wearing their school tie

50、s as belts to hold up their trousers -proudly displaying their attendance at a certain school. In Britain, where you are educated is veryimportant to you future. 3 what are the majorchanges that have taken place since World war 2? Is British education moving towards more progress or more equality? Pick up some examples from the text to illustrate your points. Other major chang