中英文翻译(电气工程及其自动化专业)

1、Microcontroller Integrated Circuit with Read Only MemoryMicrocontroller integrated circuit comprises a processor core which exchanges data with at least one data processing and storage device. The integrated circuit comprises a mask-programmed read only memory containing a gen eric program such as a

2、 test program which can be executed by the microc on troller. The gen etic program in cludes a basic fun cti on for writi ng data into the data progress ing or storage device or devices. The write function is used to load a downloading program. Because a downloading program is not permanently stored

3、 in the read only memory, the microc on troller can be tested in depe nden tly of the applicati on program, and remai ns sta ndard with regard to the type of memory comp onent with which it can be used in a system.To be more precise, the inven ti on concerns a microc on troller in tegrated circuit.

4、A microcontroller is usually a VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) integrated circuit containing all or most of the components of a "computer". Its function is not predefi ned but depe nds on the program that it executes.A microc on troller n ecessarily comprises a processor core in cludi

5、ng a comma nd seque ncer (which is a device distribut ing various con trol sig nals to the in structio ns of a program), an arithmetic and logic unit (for process ing the data) and registers (which are specialized memory un its).The other comp onents of the "computer" can be either in tern

6、al or exter nal to the microc on troller, however. I n other words, the other comp onents are in tegrated into either the microc on troller or auxiliary circuits.These other components of the "computer" are data processing and storage devices, for example read on ly or ran dom access memor

7、y containing the program to be executed, clocks and in terfaces (serial or parallel).As a general rule, a system based on a microcontroller therefore comprises a microchip containing the microc on troller, and a plurality of microchips containing the external data processing and storage devices whic

8、h are not integrated into the microc on troller. A microc on troller-based system of this kind comprises, for example, one or more printed circuit boards on which the microcontroller and the other comp onents are moun ted.It is the application program, I. e. the program which is executed by the micr

9、oc on troller, which determ ines the overall operatio n of the microc on troller system.Each applicati on program is therefore specific to a separate applicatio n.In most curre nt applicati ons the applicati on program is too large to be held in the microcontroller and is therefore stored in a memor

10、y external to the microcontroller. This program memory, which has on ly to be read, not writte n, is gen erally a reprogrammable read only memory (REPROM).After the applicatio n program has bee n programmed in memory and the n started in order to be executed by the microco ntroller, the microc on tr

11、oller system may not fun cti on as expected.In the last unfav orable situati on this is a minor dysf unction of the system and the microc on troller is still able to dialog with a test statio n via a serial or parallel in terface. This test statio n is the n able to determin the n ature of the probl

12、em and in dicates precisely the type of correct ion (software and physical) to be applied to the system for it to operate correctly.Unfortunately, most dysfunctions of microcontroller-based system result in a total system lock-up, preve nting any dialog with a test stati on. It is the n impossible t

13、o determ ine the type of fault, i.e. whether it is a physical fault (in the microc on troller itself, in an exter nal read on ly memory, in a peripheral device, on a bus, etc) or a software fault(i.e. an error in the applicati on program).The troubleshooti ng tech nique usually employed in these cas

14、es of total lock-up is based on the use of sophisticated test devices requiring the application of probes to the pins of the various integrated circuits of the microc on troller-based system un der test.There are various problems associated with the use of such test devices for troubleshoot ing a mi

15、croc on troller-based system. The probes used in these test devices are very fragile, difficult to apply becauseof the small size of the circuit and their close pack ing, and may not make good con tact with the circuit.Also, because of their high cost, these test devices are not mass produced. Con s

16、eque ntly, faulty microc on troller-based systems can not be repaired immediately, wherever they happe n to be located at the time, but must first be returned to a place where a test device is available. Troubleshooti ng a microc on troller-based system in this way is time-c onsumin g, irksome and c

17、ostly.To avoid the need for direct action on the microcontroller-based system each time the application program executed by the microcontroller of the system is cha nged, it is sta ndard practice to use a dow nl oadable read on ly memory to store the applicati on program, a load ing program being wr

18、itte n into a mask-programmed read only memory of the microc on troller. The mask-programmed read only memory of the microcontroller is integrated into the microcontroller and programmed once and for all duri ng manu facture of the microco ntroller.To change the application program the microcontroll

19、er is reset by running the dow nl oadi ng program. This dow nl oad ing program can the n com muni cate with a workstatio n conn ected to the microc on troller by an appropriate tran smissi on line, this workstati on the new applicati on program to be writte n into the microc on troller. The dow nl o

20、adi ng program receives the new applicati on program and loads it into a read only memory exter nal to the microc on troller.Although this solution avoids the need for direct action on the microcontroller-based system (which would entail removing from the system the reprogrammable read on ly memorie

21、s containing the applicati on program, writi ng into these memories the new application program using an appropriate programming device and the n replaci ng them in the system), it n evertheless has a major drawback, n amely specializati on of the microc on troller duri ng manu facture.Each type of

22、reprogrammable memory is associated with a different dow nl oadi ng program becausethe program ming parameters(voltage to be applied, durati on for which the voltage is to be applied) vary with the tech no logy employed. The downloading program is written once and for all into the mask-programmed in

23、ternal memory of the microc on troller and the latter is therefore restricted to using memory comp onents of the type for which this dow nl oad ing program was writte n. In other words, the microc on troller is not a sta ndard comp onent and this in creases its cost of manu facture.One object of the

24、 inven ti on is to overcome these various drawbacks of the prior art. To be more precise, an object of the invention is to provide a microcontroller circuit which can verify quickly, simply, reliably and at low cost the operation of a system based on the microc on troller.Ano ther object of the inve

25、n ti on is to provide a microc on troller in tegrated circuit which can accurately locate the defective comp onent or comp onents of a system using the microc on troller in the eve nt of dysf un cti on of the system.A further object of the inven ti on is to provide a microc on troller in tegrated ci

26、rcuit which avoids the n eed for direct acti on on the microc on troller-based system to cha nge the application program, whilst remaining standard as regards the type of memory comp onent with which it can be used in a system.带有只读存储器的单片机集成电路单片机集成电路包含一个处理器内核，它至少通过一种数据处理或存储设备 来交换数据。集成电路包含一个只读掩模程序存储器，

27、 其中像测试程序一样的通 用程序能被单片机执行。这种通用程序具有将数据写到数据处理和、或存储设备 的基本功能。写入功能用于装载程序。因为装载程序并非永久地存储在只读存储 器中，所以可对单片机进行测试，而与应用程序无关，并保持系统中能用的存储 器元件为标准类型。准确地说，这项发明涉及单片机集成电路。单片机通常是包含一台“计算机” 的全部或大部分元件的大规模集成电路， 其功能不是预先确定的，而是取决于它 执行的程序。一台单片机必然包含一个含有命令时序发生器（即根据程序的指令分配各种 控制信号到其他元件的装臵）的处理器内核，一个算数逻辑单元（用来处理数据） 和寄存器（即特殊的存储单元）。然而，“计算

28、机”的其他单元对单片机而言或是内部的，或是外部的。换言 之，其他元件就集成到单片机或辅助电路中。“计算机”的这些其他元件是数据处理或存储装臵，例如包含待执行程序的 只读或随机存储器、时钟和接口（串行或并行）。基于单片机的系统通常包含一个含有单片机的芯片和许多含有外部数据处 理和、或存储器的芯片，这些芯片没有集成在单片机中。例如，这种基于单片机 的系统包含一个或多个印刷电路板，上面安装着单片机和其他元件。决定单片机所有操作的是应用程序， 即由单片机执行的程序。因此，每个应 用程序都是针对特定的应用的。在多数现实应用中，由于应用程序太大，单片机无法存储，因此就存储在单 片机的外部存储器中。这种只读处而不能写入的程序存储器通常就是可编程只读 存储器。应用程序在写入到存储器中后就开始执行，以便由单片机来执行。单片机系 统有可能不会像预期的那样工作。在最不顺的情况下，这只是系统的小故障，单片机仍然能够通过串行或并行 口与测试设备对话。测试设备就能够确定问题的性质，并准确的指出校正的类型 （软件和硬件），将其应用到系统上，以便正确操作。遗憾的是，基于单片机系统的多数故障导致整个系统死锁， 阻止了任何与测 试设