初中现在完成时精讲与专练

1、专业资料现在完成时精讲和专练.基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词(done)二.句型：肯定句： 主语+have/ has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语 +have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他简略答语：Yes,主语+have/has.（肯疋）No,主语+have n t/has nt.（否定)1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动

2、词，只在词尾加“d ”。live-lived-lived,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 y变为i，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried(4)、 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed专业资料stop-stopped-stopped2 、不规则动词：AAA 型drop-dropped-dropped专业资料costcost costcutcutcuthithithitputputputsetsetsetreadreadreadAAB型beat beatbeatenABA 型become becam

3、e become run ran runcomecame comeABB 型bringbrought broughtbuybought boughtbuildbuilt builtburnburnt burntcatchcaught caughtdigdug dugfeelfelt feltfightfought foughtfindfound foundhearheard heardholdheld heldkeepkept keptlay laid laidleadled ledloselost lostmakemade mademeetmet metsellsold soldshoots

4、hot shotsitsat satstandstood stoodsweep swept swepthurt hurt hurtletlet letteach taught taughttell told told专业资料ABC 型begi nbegan begunbreakbrokebroke nchoose chose chosendrawdrewdraw ndrivedrovedrive ndrinkdrankdrunkfly flewflow nforgiveforgaveforgivenforgetforgotforgotte nfreezefrozefrozengivegaveg

5、ive ngrowgrewgrow nknowknew knownrideroderidde nriserose rise nringrangrungshakeshook shakensingsangsungsi nk sank sunkswimswamswumthrowthrew throw nwritewrotewritten三用法（A）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（影响是：现在我没有钱花了。）twice 等think thought thoughtwin won wonI haven t r

6、eadLittle Womenyet?（影响是： 我对小妇人这本书不了解。常见标志词：（到目前为止），in the past/last few days（在过去几（已经；肯定句），yet （已经；否定，疑问句）,before （以前），recen tly （近来），just）,already（刚刚） ，说明：already 与 yet 都有已经”的意思，但 already 常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet 常用于否专业资料定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework.I haven t finished my homeworkyet .

7、 Have you finished your homeworkyet ?难点：现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, how 连用，但不能和 when 连用。对时间的提问只能用How Ion g.女口：Where have you bee n?Why have you turned off the TV?How long has he bee n in China?He has bee n in China for 4 years.不可说： Whe n has hebee n in China?（B）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的时间状语连用（

8、for+ 时间段）；（since+时间点），如：for + 一段时间（for 2 years）, since + 从句（since he came here）, since + 时间点名词（since last year, since5 days ago）, for a long time 等。My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in Ch ina si nee 2002.自从 2002 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long have yo

9、u bee n here?你来这里多久了？ I have bee n here for a long time.注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的 动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如：（1）这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：I have bought the book for three mon ths.正确：I have had the book for three专业资料mon ths.(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误： How long has your brother joined the army?专业资料start/ begin -been onThe film has be

10、gun () for 8 minutes.get up - been upHe has got up () more than two hours.move - been out (of)Jim s family have moved () Beijing for over 2years.finish - been overThe football match has finished () for two hours.open - been openThe factory has opened () since 2010.close - been closedThe factory has

11、closed () for 2 months.die -been deadThe old man has died () since three years ago.join -been in / been a member (of)Her father has joined () the Party for tenyears.Her father has joined()the Party for e/become/ arrive-been (in) They have come to ()this school since专业资料正确： How long has your brother

12、been in the army/been a soldier?短暂性动词与延续性动词之间的转换短暂性动词 - 延续性动词borrow / lend -keptShe has borrowed (kept )the book since two weeks ago.catch -hadKate has caught (had) a cold for two days.buy -hadI ve bought (had) this radio for 3 years.put on -wornHe has put on () the new coat for a week.leave/ go -be

13、en awayThey have left () for one year.专业资料2000四、句型转换 延续性动词的现在完成时的句型可以转换成：1、短暂性动词的一般过去式+一段时间+ ago2、短暂性动词的一般过去式+ in +过去某一时间。3、It is (has been) +一段时间+since +短暂性动词的一般过去式4、一段时间+ has passed +短暂性动词的一般过去式如：She has had the pen for two years.f She bought the pen two years ago .She bought the pen in 2009 .It i

14、s (has been) two years since she bought the pen.Two years has passed since she bought the pen.五、比较have/has been to、have/has gone to和have been inhave(has) been to. 表示“去了某地回来了”， have(has) gone to 表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。 have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，如：He went to Shanghai last week上周他去了上海He has

15、been to Shanghai.他(曾经 )到 / 去过上海 .(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是 回来了 )He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了 .(也许刚动身出发 ,也许已经到了 ,也许还在路上 ,反正他人不在这里 )Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.(呆在上海三年了)布朗先生来上海已经有三天了六、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别专业资料1 一般过去时表示动作发生在过去，与现在无关。 而现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响。I saw this film yesterday. （我昨天看过电影，现在看

16、不看不知道）I have seen this film. （过去看过电影，对现在有影响，不想再看了）2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如口： ago, last week , just now , in 2012, the day beforeyesterday, yesterday , once（ 从前 ）现在完成时 常和 recently （近来）， ever, never, twice, so far （到目前为止） , since ， for ， in the past/last few years ,already （肯定句） , yet （否定，疑问句） , just（ 刚刚

17、 ）, before （以前）连用。现在完成时不 与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时练习A）选用 have, has 填空 :1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.3._Youwon the game.用 since 和 for 填空1.two years 2._ two years ago 3.last month4._ 1 9995._she left here 6 . He has lived in Nanjingthe year before last（前年）专业资料用 never, ever, already,

18、yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4.“ Have you _ seen the film?” “ No, I have _ seen it.5.“ Has the bus left _ ? ” “ Yes, it has _ left.用动词的正确形式填空1. I haven t _

19、(see) him for four years.2. The thief has _ (steal) the money for that old woman.3. Linda has _(lose) her keys.4. Lucy has _ (hurt) her legs.5. Have you _ (buy) the exercise book?B) 按要求改写下列各句 :1.They have finished the homework.(改成否定句 )2.He has lost his book.（先改成一般疑问句 ,再作肯定与否定回答 ）C) have been to , ha

20、ve gone to ,have been in的区别：1. Where s Lucy?- She has_to a restaurant for lunch.2. Have you_to this park before.3. I have_ there only once this year.4. She has _to the shop to buy a notebook.7. Ievknown himwe were children.专业资料5. You re late ,Lao Wang has_ to Guangzhou.6. Hi,I m looking for you ever

21、ywhere.-Oh,I have _ to the library.7.My aunt has never_to Russia,so she doesn t know where Russia is.8.The Blacks aren t in Beijing, they have_to Shenzhen together.9.He doesn t want to see you, so he has _ to another city.10.Beijing is a beautiful city, I _ Beijing for two months.D)延续性动词和短暂性动词之间的转化1

22、.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3.He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _ the motorbike for a month.4.He arrived here three days ago. He _here since three days ago.5.They turned off the light 2 hours ago. Th

23、e light _ for 2 hours.6.He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8.They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9.They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10.He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a

24、year.He _ the army for a year.E)延续性动作的动词的现在完成时的句型和一般过去式句型相互转换：1、 The man died two days ago.The man has been dead for _.2、 This factory opened in 2011.This factory has been open for _ .3.I lived in Shanghai three years ago. It has been _since I lived in Shanghai.4、 Her mother has been a Party member

25、for three years .(同义句)Three yearssince her mother joined the Party.专业资料5、 The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换 )_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.F) 单项选择。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _A. Just( )3.Ho

26、w long have youA. beenB.was writing？B. ago_ here ?B. goneC.wroteC.beforeAbout two months .C. comeD.has writtenD.a moment agoD. arrived( )4. Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _A. has changed ; wellB. changed ; goodC. has changed ; betterD. changed; better( )5. you _ your homewo

27、rk yet ? Yes. Iit a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB.Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finished( )6. We _Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownD. will; do; finishC. have knownD. knew( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD.see( )8. These

28、Really? When _there( )19. His unclefor more than 9 years.专业资料( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army .( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. How soon, comesC. How long, cameA. so theyB. dont theyC. have theyD. havent they( )18.has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since het

29、o China?A. will they goB.did they goC. do they goD. have they gone( )9. Zhou Langalreadyin this school for two years .A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studied. are; studying( )10. His fatherthe Party since 1998 .A.joinedB. has joinedC. was in. has been in( )11.Do you know him well ?Sure .Wef

30、riends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have become. have made( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai,has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.ever. still( )13. Hurry up! The playfor ten minutes .A. hasbegunB. had begunC. hasbeen. beganA. IsB. hasC. will. was( )15. Miss Green isnt in the office. Sheto the libr

31、ary.A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been( )16. My parentsShandong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone to. have beenB. How often, gotD. How far, arrived专业资料B. has started to workD. has left the universityyou _ yourhomework yet ?22 、 Do you know him well ?friends since ten years

32、ago .25.Mary and Rose _ friends since they met in 2000.at eight yesterday afternoon.for ten minutes. You have to take another one.A. has come hereC. has lived there20、 Yes . Iit a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; havefinishedD.will ; do ; finish21 、 His father

33、the Party since 1978 .A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD.has been inSure .WeA. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made23.When he arrived at the bus stop, the busfor 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away24.The factorysince the February of 1988.A . has been openB. has openedC. was openD. openedA. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become26. HeA. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept27. The weather is very cold these days. Ia cold for a few day