SD卡协议-中文

1、命令：是在 可以是广播的 响应：是在 数据：是在fwlRD to E无数据模式无响应模式?*orH 二 rdnoil幻MB胤and D-sy*一CMD'-command - responseDATa 的=data block crc-block write 0口白rationirnffl cardID hos t5:期 “remandstiizs :=rta 1-ms-f智commandresponse- data block crc.data stop Dpera.tian . .mWtipM blQQ.KwritQ 9P 更;OiQ 口一概述1. SD总线模式下CLK:时钟信号CM

2、D双向命令和响应信号DAT0-3:双向数据信号VDD,VSS:电源和地信号SD模式下允许有一个主机，多个从机（即多个卡），主机可以给从机分别地址.主机发 命令有些命令是发送给指定的从机，有些命令可以以广播形式发送 .SD模式下可以选择总线宽度，即选用几根DAT信号线，可以在主机初始化后设置2. SD总线协议SD模式下的命令和数据流都有一个开始位和结束位CMD 上传输的用于启动一个操作的比特流 .由主机发往从机，可以是点对点也CMD:传输的用于之前命令回答的比特流.由从机发往主机.DAT上传输的比特流,双向彳输.多块写操作模式RR3BRtranarr :二mp 二：rmr n:a .*.a>

3、;s 2olfmrd 二口L5 二 nn一三句 and azdsE iT d"- 5? nn j pa'flst&r.i t?r 7 二 L 二RC 匚、吕二自产mp bn:TCONTENTDtal l»OBtri=4.S bits命令格式响应格式5j5 :.g y HQ 至二MS= MECRC 1»rt M giWg'gr-hiock lEHngth一 cjg aSD卡上电后会自动初始化,通过给卡发送 CMD01可以复位卡二.SD卡命令描述.1 .广播命令：给所有卡都发送，某些命令需要响应.2 .点对点命令给指定地址的卡发送，需要响应.S

4、D卡系统有两种工作模式：1 .卡识别模式.主机上电复位后即处于此模式，它会在总线上等待卡.卡复位后也处于此模式，直到send_rca(cmd3H至U来.2 .数据传输模式.卡收到SEND_RCA(CMD3)令后即进入此模式.主机识别到卡后也进入此模式 .Card staleOperation mod&nactive Stateinactivedie State。曰d ide-"tificaLiDn modeReady StateIdentification StateStand-by Statedata transfer modeTransferSending-data St

5、ateRacaiye-data Stmt 9Prog ramrning StatDisconnect State-卡状态和工作模式对照表1 .卡识别模式.此模式下主机复位总线所有的卡，验证工作电压，询问卡的地址.这个模式下所有数据的传输都是只通过 CM啜来完成.1)卡的复位.当卡上电或收到 GO_IDLE_STATE (CMD净令后，卡即进入Idle State 状态.此时卡将 其RCA为0,相关寄存器设为传输稳定的最优模式.2)工作电压验证每个卡的最高和最低工作电压存储在OCR.只有当电压比配时，CID和CSD勺数据才能正常传输给主机.SD_SEND_OP_COND (ACMD4用来判断卡的

6、工作电压是否符合 ，如果不符合的话，卡 应该放弃总线操作，进入Inactive State 状态.在发送 SD_SEND_OP_COND (ACMDt前 记得要首先发送 APP_CMD (CMD55).Power onNo Response(Non valid commandMust be aMulti MediaCard、 cards with non compabbie voltage range f' Ready State '< (ready) JCMD2Start Muni MediaCard fnihalization process starting atC

7、MDlIdata-transfer modeCMD3卜口e all Etates incata*trBnsfei-riQcefoerttiStateCard responds With card-iEtentificshcn modenew RCAStanc-b ；(stby)CMJ3responds with new RCA卡的状态变换图.ACMD4命令响应中的BUSYi也用于卡表示其还没准备好,主机此时应重发 ACMD4命令，直到卡准备好.主机在这个阶段的ACMD41中不允许改变工作电压，如果确实想改变的话，应该先发送CMD0,然后再发送改变后的 ACMD41.GO_INACTIVE_ST

8、ATE (CMD1防令用于使指定地址的卡进入Inactive State 模式.3)卡识别过程.ALL_SEND_CID (CMD流令用于获取卡的 CID信息，如果卡处于 Ready State, 它就会在 CMD线上传送它的 CID信息，然后进入Identification State 模式.紧接着发送 CMD3 (SEND_RELATIVE_ADDR)令，用于设置卡新的地址.卡收到新的地址后进入Stand-by State模式.2.数据传输模式数据传输模式下卡的状态转变图进入数据传输模式后,主机先不停的发送 SEND_CSD (CMD聊令获取卡的CSD言息.SET_DSR (CMD4用于设

9、置卡的DSR寄存器,包括数据总线宽度，总线上卡的数目，总线 频率，当设置成功后，卡的工作频率也随之改变.此步操作是可选的.CMD7命令用于使指定地址的卡进入传输模式，任何指定时刻只能有一个卡处于传输模式.传输模式下所有的数据传输都是点对点的，并且所有有地址的命令都需要有响应.所有读命令都可以由 CMD1除令彳止,之后卡进入Transfer State.读命令包括单块读 (CMD17),多块读(CMD18),发送写保护(CMD30),发送scr(ACMD51)和读模式一般命令 (CMD56).所有写命令都可以由CMD12命令彳止.写命令包括单块读(CMD24),多块读(CMD25),写CID(C

10、MD26),写CSD(CMD27)锁和解锁命令(CMD42开口写模式一般命令(CMD56).当写命令传输完成后，卡进入Programming State( 传输成功)或Transfer State( 传输 失败).如果一个卡写操作被停止，但其前面数据的 CRCF口块长度正确，数据还是会被写入.卡要提供写缓冲，如果写缓冲已满并且卡处于Programming State, DAT0保持低BUSY.写CID,CSD,写保护，擦除命令没有缓冲，当这些命令没完时，不应发送其他的数据 传输命令.参数设置命令在卡被编程时是不允许发送的，这些命令包括设置块长度 (CMD16),擦除块起始(CMD32泡擦除块结

11、束(CMD33).当卡正编程时读命令是禁止的.用CMD硬另一个卡进入Transfer State不会终止当前卡白编程和擦除，当前卡会进入Disconnect State并且释放 DAT线.Disconnect State模式的卡可通过 CMD7B新被选中，此时卡进入 Programming State并且使能 busy 信号 .CMD0或CMD1会终止卡的编程操作，造成数据混乱，此操作应禁止.1) 总线宽度选择命令ACMD阶令用于选择总线宽度，此命令只有在 Transfer State 有效.应在CMD渝令后使用 .2) 块读命令块是数据传输的最小单位 ，在CSD (READ_BL_LEN定义

12、，SD卡为固定的512B.每个块传输的后面都跟着一个 CRC校验.CMD17(READ_SINGLE_BLOCK)于传输单个块， 传输完之后，卡进入Transfer State. CMD18(READ_MULTIPLE_BLOC用于多个块的传输,直到收到一个CMD1阶令.3) 块写命令与块读命令类似，每个块传输的后面都跟着一个CRC验.卡写数据时会进行 CRC验.多块写比重复的单块写更能提高效率.如果CSM的WRITE_BLK_MISALIGN：设置，并且发送的数据不是块对齐的，卡会设置状态寄存器中的 ADDRESS_ERROR并且进入Receive-data-State状态等待彳止命令.此时

13、写操作也会停止，并且卡会设置其的 WP_VIOLATIONfc.如果写缓冲满的话，卡会停止接受 WRITE_BLOC喻令.此时主机应发送 SEND_STATUS (CMD13)命令，卡返回数据的READY_FOR_DATA标志卡是否准备好接受新的数据.在多块写操作中通过事先发送ACMD2跄令可提高写速度.ACMD23用于定义接下来要写数据的块的数目 . 每次多块写操作后, 这个值又被设为默认的 1.ACMD2会使卡返回写成功的块数目.4) 擦除命令擦除命令的顺序是: ERASE_WR_BLK_START(CMD32),ERASE_WR_BLK_END(CMD33)and ERASE(CMD38

14、).如果(CMD3喊(CMD32, 33)接收到出错信息，卡会设置状态寄存器中的ERASE_SEQ_ERROR位并且重新等待新的命令时序 .如果接收到时序错误命令，卡会设置其ERASE_RESET并且重新等待新的命令时序.5) 写保护管理三种机制 :- . 写保护物理开关- . 卡内部写保护通 过设置 CSD 中 的 WP_GRP_ENABLE 和 WP_GRP_SIZE位,SET_WRITE_PRO下口 CLR_WRITE_PROT令用来设置和清除保护机制.- . 密码保护 .三 . 时钟控制如果主机要发送1K的数据，但是主机缓冲区只有512B,那么主机可以在发送完前512B后 , 可以先停

15、止时钟 , 然后把后 512B 填充入缓冲区, 再启动时钟 , 这样卡并不会检测要两次发送之间的间隔 , 认为其是一次完整的数据发送过程.四CRC校验1.CRC7CRC7用于所有的命令,除R3以外的响应,以及CID和CSM存器.2.CRC16CRC16用于数据块的校验五.错误类型.1 . CRC错误和命令非法错误命令的CR或验出错,卡设置其状态寄存器的 COM_CRC_ERROR非法命令错误,卡设置其状态寄存器的ILLEGAL_COMMAND.非法命令包括：不支持的命 令,未定义的命令以及当前状态不支持的命令.2 .读，写和擦除超时.卡应该在指定的时间内完成一个命令或返回移动的错误信息.如果在

16、指定的超时时间内主机收不到响应，应认为卡停止工作，应重新复位卡.六命令1 .命令类型：- bc不需要响应的广播命令.- bcr需要响应的广播命令.每个卡都会独立的接收命令和发送响应- ac点对点命令，DAT线上没数据- adtc点对点命令，DAT线上有数据Bit position474645 40pg： 8：cWidth ibits：1163271Valuep'1,JXXD«scrt|)tiorsisrt b tTfansTiiss onOilcominand indevwrguE宜川CC7end bit所有命令均遵守上图中的格式，总共48位.首先是1个起始位0,接着是1个方

17、向位（主机发送位1）, 6个命令位（0-63 ）, 32 位参数（有些命令需要）,CRC7位校验,1个停止位.2.卡命令根据不同的类型分成了不同的Class,见下表，其中Class0,2,4,5,8 是每个卡都必须支持的命令，不同的卡所支持白命令保存在CSD中.Card Command Class (CCC)0123456789.11Support edcomma n dsclass descriptionbasicreserv edblock readreserv edblock z/nteerasewrite protectionlock cardapplication specificr

18、eserv edCMDOMandatoryCMD2Mandatory.CMD3Mandatory+CMD4MandatoryCMD7Mandatory+4CMD9Mandatory+CMD10MandatoryCMD12MandatoryCMD13Mandatory+CMD15MandatoryCMD16Mandatory+CMD17MandatoryCMD18MandatoryCMD24Mandatory+CMD25MandatoryCMD27Mandatory+CMD28Optional+CMD29OptionalCMD30Optional+Card Command Class (CCC)

19、0123456789.11Support ed comma n dsclass descriptionbasicreserv edblock readreserv edblock writeerasewrite protectionlock cardapplication specificreserv edCMD32MandatoryCMD33MandatoryCMD38Mandatory+CMD42OptionalCMD55Mandatory+CMD56Mandatory+ACMD6MandatoryACMD13Mandatory+ACMD22MandatoryACMD23Mandatory

20、+ .ACMD41Mandatory+ACMD42MandatoryACMD51Mandatory+3.命令详细描述1）基本命令Class。CMDINDEXtypeargumentrespab breviationcamiriand descriptionCMDDbe31 C sh/f bits-TGO IDLE STATEresets all cards to idle stateGMD1reservedCMD2bcr31 0 sti/f bitsR2ftLL_SEND_CiDasks any card to send IheC D num- Ders on tne Cml line (an

21、y caret that is connected to the host ?/ill responc)GMD3bcr3i o sW tutsR6SENL_RELATIVE_ ADDR-ask the cand to pubiisr a new reia：iwe address (RCA)CMD4DC31 I5J DSK 150 sti/f bits«SET_DSRprograms the DSR of all cansCMD5res ervenCMD6reservedCM口INDEXtypeargumentr白白pabbreviationcammand descriptionCMD

22、7ac31 16 RCA15:0 stuff bi：sRib 6"田依做LardSELECT/ DESELECT ORDornmand toggles a cand between tbs stand-by and transfer states or between the programTiimg and disconnect states in 6值h cases the card b selected by its own relative a(Cress and gets des&iecteo Dy any 0theaddress' address 0 de

23、selects all.CMDBreservedcmgac31 16 RCA 15:0 stkift bi:sR2SEND_CSDaddressed card sends its ca-spe- dfic data (CSD) on the CMD line.CMD10ac31 16 RCA15 0 stuff bhsR2SEND_CIDaddressed card sends ts ca”d identi- fcation (CjD) on CMD Ihe lineCMD11reservedCMD12ac31 0 stuff bi:sR1bSTOP_transm ssionfarces tM

24、 card tc stop transmissionCM口 13日G31 1GJRCA15.0 stuff bicsR1iSEND_STATUSeddlttlbeJ Cdl J 5HIKIS 15 stdtus registerCM。14reatsr vedCM015ac31 16 RCA15-0 stuff bi:s-GOJNACTJVE STATEsets the card to inactive state ir order b protect rhe card st a ex agan&t com- n unicat ion 口eaKdawns2)读命令Class2CMDIND

25、EXtypeargumentrespaobreviationcommand descriptionCMD 15ac31 0 block lengthR1ScT_BLOCKLENsets ihe Nack length (in bytes) for all lol lowing Dlcck cornmands read and write . Default block lergth 咯 specified In the CSD. SuppDried only If Partial block RD '岛" uptjimlon am dllo'tid in CSDFCM

26、D I7sdtc(31:0； data address卜1REAC_SlhGLE_SLOCK旧ads a bock of the size sdected by the SET_3LOCKUEM comnanc 1CMD 18adLc31.0 data addressR1REAO_MULTIPLESLOCKconlmuoLsly transfers data blocks Irom carato host until interrupted by a STOP_TRANSMISSION command.CMD 19CMD23reserved3)写命令Class4CMD INDEXtypearg

27、umentrespabbreviationcommand descriptionCMD24adtc31 0 data acdressRIVVRITE_BLOCKvoltes b blo：k of the size gelecled ty the SEl_t3LOCKLEH corrmarKl 1CMD25adc31 0 data acdre£sR1WRIT£_MULTIPL e_blockcontinuously mires blocks of data until a STO=_TRANSMISSiON followsCMD26Reserved For Manufactu

28、rarCMD27adtc31 0 stuff bitsR1PROGRAM_CSDprogramming of the programmable bi书 of theCSD3）擦除命令Class5CMDINDEXtypeargumentrespabbreviaiioncommand descriptionCMD32ac(31 0 data addressR1ERASE 胃 R BLKSTARTseis the address of the first virile- block to be erasedCMD33就131 0 data addressR1FASE_WR_BLKENDseis th

29、e address M the last write block a1 the coniirnjcijs raneto beCM 0 34CM 口 37reserved4）应用特定命令Class8CND INDEXtypeargumentraspabbreviationcommand d 白1script ionCND55ac31:16 RCA 15:0 stuff bitsR1APP_CMDIndicateo to the card that the next command is an application specific command ra:f er than a standard

30、 commandCMD56adtc(311 stuff bits Q RD/ WR1R1GEN_CMDUsed either to transfer a data block to the card or to get a data block from the card for general purpose! application tpacific commands The size of tte data block siiall be set by thu SET_BLOCK_L£M com ma nd.CMD57CMD59reservedCL1D60 63reserved

31、 for manyfactuner卜表中的所有命令使用前都应先跟一个APP_CMD（CMD斶令AC MD 出DEXtypeargumentespabbreviationcommand descriptionACMD6ac(31 2) stuff bits (1:0bus widthR1SET_BUS_WIDTHDefines the data bus width (Ws1bit or *10*=4 bits bus) to be used for data transfer. The slowed data bus widths are given in SCR register.ACMD13

32、adtc31:0 stuff bitsR1SD STATUSSend the SD Memory Cap status. The status fields are given in Table 24.XCMD17reservedMMD1B一.一Reserved fw SD security applicaticns'/CMD19 to心 MD21reservedACMD22adtc31:0 stuff bitsR1SEND_NUM_WR_BLOCKSSend the number cf the written (v/ithou: errors) write blocks. Respo

33、nds v/ith 32DH-CRC data block.MMD23ac31:23 stuff bits 22:0)Number of blocksR1SET_WR_BLK_ERASE-COUNTSet the number of write bocks to be pre-erased Defore writing (to be used for faster Multiple Block VVR com- mand) M 1-=d©fault (one v/r Hock)(21ACMD24resprvRdACMD25一, 一3Reserved for S3 security a

34、pplications"ACMD2SReserved for SD security applications"ACMD3B Reserved for SD security applications*ACMD3B to A2MD40reservedZCMD41bcr31 ©OCR wthout busyR3SD_APP_OP_CONDAsks the accessed card to send its operating condtion register (OCR) cor- leni h the response on the CMD line.ACMD42

35、acavilstu bitsR1SET CLR CARDDETECT -:Connect!iyDisconnect0 the 50KOnm pull-up resistor on CD/DAT3 (pin 1) of the card The pull-up may be used for card detection.MMD43MMD49一一一 一，Reserved for SD security applications'怔 MD51adtc(31:O| staff bitsASEND_SCRReads the SD Configurat on Register (SCR).七.卡

36、状态转换表current stateidlereadyidentstb/trandatarevprgdisinacommandchanges toclass independentGRC error-一-一-command nN supported-class。CMDDidleidleIdleIdleidleid &idleIdleidle-CMD2-ident-CMD3-st b yst by-CMD4-st by.CMD7, card is addressed-w-tranfl了二prgjCMD7, card is nol add ressed-.-stby rstbystby-d

37、is .-CM3.-油y-h-CMD10-st byw三-= Ji-CMD12-tranpg-CMD13,st bytrandatarevprgdis.CMD15-一inainainal_ ma Lmaina-Class 2CMD16-MF-tnan-CMD17-data-GMD18-data-class 4GMD16see class 2CMD24，-rev.GMD25-_rev-CMD27-rev-class 6CMD20-Ik-prg-,CMD25-一P9-CMD3Q-data-class 5current stateidlereadyidentstbyIrandatarevprgdis

38、in aCMD32-trail-CMD33.-tran-CMD38-prg-class 7-rev-class 8GMD55idle二4stbytrandatarevprgdis二CMD56: RDP/VR = 0-rev-*-CMD56. RDJWR = 1-data-q-ftCMDS-tran-/-W：MO13-.-tran-W：MDZ2-tran.-CMD23-tran一-NMD1426,26.3B4.4 5 46 *47 46 49Refer to SD Memorv1 Card Securib, SpBCihDatiOTi forfiiptanatiorr about tti&

39、; SD Security FeaturesA1CMD4-1. csrd “口口 range compatibleready-CMD41, eard ig busyIdle-ftCMD4l. card VDD rar not compatibleinaACM 口 42-tran-ACMD51-tiata-，-class 9-11CMD41;CMDd3L. CMD54CMD57-CMD59reservedCMD60.CMD63re&erved for manufacturer八.应答.所有的应答都是通过 CMDt送,不同的应答长度可能不同.总共有四种类型的应答1. R1：长度位48位.注

40、意每个块传输完成后有一个BUSY位.Bit posibon4746(45:40f39：80Width (bits1153271Value0HO,XXXr 丁Descriptionstart bittransmission bitcornmarni iixexcard statusCRC7end bit2.R1b:与R1类似，只是将BUSY#力口入响应中3.R2（CID CSD寄存器）：长度为136位，CID 为CMDW口 CMD10勺应答,CSD为CMD9勺应答.Bit position135134口 33128|0Width (bits116127J1Value0,o'iiinrTD

41、escriptionStart bittransmissicn bitreservedCD OrCSD register incl. internal CRC?end bit4.R3（OCR寄存器）：长度位48位.作为ACMD4的应答.Bit position474645403987R0Width (bite)1163271ValueO,0111111,X,iinnr1Descriptionstart bittransmission failreservedOCR registerreservedend bit5.R6（RCA地址应答）：长度为48位Bit position474645 403

42、9 B) Arg urrient fieldR：10jWidth (bits11G131611ValueO'O'XXXXrDescriptionstart bittransmission blLcommand Index (W0C11-)New pj bl i s had FtA 31: IB Of the card15 0 card sts*us bits.23 22 19 12:0 (see Table 22CRC7and bit九.卡的状态SD卡支持两种状态：-卡状态：与MM球兼容.-SD卡状态：扩充到了 512位.1 .卡状态：R1应答包含一个32位的卡状态.见下表.其

43、中Type中的含义为：E:错误位.S:状态位.R:根据命令在响应中设置.X:根据在命令执行期间设置，必须再次读此位才能获得命令执行后的情况Clear Condition:A:与卡的当前状态有关B:总是与命令有关，无效的命令会清除此位C:通过读此位来清除BitsIdentifierTypeValueA DescriptionClear Cond ition J31OUT_OF_RANGEER*0- no error T errorThe coTimand*s argument was out of the 8 How ad rage for this card.C (30ADCRESS.ERRC

44、RERXno error T= errorA misaligned address which did not ma:ch the block length was used in the command.29BLOCK_LEN_ERRORER*0*= no error T errorThe transfeied block length is not allowed for this card. or the number of transferred bytes does not match ihe block eng tn.C28ERASE-SEQ-ERRORER'0= no e

45、rror T= errorQAn eror in the sequence of erase commands ccured.C27ERASE-PARAMEXno error'1、errorAn invalid selection of write blocks for erase occurred.4c26WP-VIOLATIONERX'O'= net protected 1= protectedAtterrpt to program a write protected olock.c25CARDJS.LOCKEDSXO' * card unlockedV 5

46、 card lockedWhen set signals that the card is locked by the hostA24LOCK UNLOOK-FAIL EDERXO' = no error*1* = errorSet when a sequence or password enor nas been detected in lock/ unlock card comnand or if there was ar attempt to access a locked cardC23COM-CRC-ERRORER*0,« no error'1、errorT

47、he CRC check of the pre/ious command failed.B22ILLEGAL-COVIMANDER*0- no error'1、errorComnand not legal for the card stateB21CARD-ECC.FAILED'O' success 了Card rtemal ECC was applied but failed to correct me dataC20CC.ERROR*0*= no error,1，s errorInterna card controller errorC19ERROR01no errorT= errorA general。 an unknown error occurred during the ooeration.cieUNDERRUNEX*0*= no error errorThe card could not sustain data transfer in stream read modeC17OVERRUNEX*0*= no error 'T= errorThe card could not sustain data programming in stream write modeC16CIDZCSD_OVERWR TEE RX'0'