剑桥初级语法整理笔记

1、现在时3、现在进行时：I am doing 以下动词不可用于现在进行时likelovewantknowunderstandrememberdependpreferhateneedmeanbelieveforget4、现在进行时的疑问式：Are you doing ?5、一般现在时：I do/work/like 等一般现在时用来表示一般性的事实、有时或经常发生的事情：I like big cities.Always/never/often/usually/sometimes 常与 ,般现在时连用:I never eat breakfast.6、Ti现在时的否认式：I don't/he d

2、oesn +动词原形I don't have a bath every day.every day表每天,作状语；everyday表每天的,形谷词】7、一M现在时的疑问式：Do you ?Do/does主语动词原形Doyouworkon SundaysDoyour friendslivenear hereDoesAnneplaytennisWheredoYour friendsliveHow oftendoyouwashyour hairWhatdoesThis wordmeanHow muchdoesitcostto fly to Rome* What do you do ?表示“你

3、是做什么工作的8、have/have gothave=have gothas=has gott gotDon' t have=haven ' tgot Doesn' t have=hasn 'Do you have=have you gotDoes he have=has he got(2) have表“吃、喝、拿时,不能用have got代替havehave breakfast/lunch/dinnerhave a meal/a pizza/a sandwichhave a cup of coffee have sth to eat/drink(3)以下短语中

4、,要用havehavehave a bath/a showerhave a rest/a holiday/a party have a nice time/a good trip/fun have a walk/a swim/a game have a dream/an accident have a babyhave a look15、现在完成时(1) have done(2) just/already/yetJust表 "刚刚 ":we ' ve just arrived.Already 表已经“ (在预料之前)：they' ve already arr

5、ived (=before you expected )Yet表"直到现在"(用于否认句和疑问句中):they haven' t arrived yet(3)现在完成时与 ever (用于疑问句中)/never连用：Have you ever played golf?(4) gone 表 "去而未归 "：she has gone to China.Been 表 “去而已归" :he has been to China.(5) How long have you ?She has been in Ireland since Monday/

6、for three days.一般现在时现在完成时Dan and Kate are married.They have been married for four years .Are you married ?How long have you been married?现在进行时现在完成进行时r m learning EnglishHow long have you been learning English?25、what are you doing tomorrow?I am doing something tomorrow 表示“我已经安排好明天要做某事/我方案明天做某事I am g

7、oing to do something o 同上 be going to 与 will 的区另U注意：用一般现在时表示时间表、节目单、火车与公共汽车时刻表等:The train arrives at7.30.27、will/shall(1) I shall =I will、we shall=we will ：I shall be late tomorrow. = I will be late tomorrow .在构成将来时的时候,不可将shall与you/they/it/he/she 等非第一人称连用：Tom will be late.(而不能 Tom shall be late.)(2)

8、 I' ll表提议或决定做某事":I' ll phone you tomorrow.I think I ' ll/I don '表think定做某事HI think I ' ll go to bed early tonight(3) Shall I- /Shall we 表"你认为好吗"28、might=may29、can/could : could 为过去式30、must/mustn ' t/don ' t need to(1)表示过去时,用 had to 而不用 must: We had to walk

9、home last night.(4) don't need to = don ' t have to31、should(1)I think should/I don ' t think .should/do you think ? should(2)ought to =should32、I have to(1)表过去时,用had to(2)表示认为有必要做某事或提出个人看法时,must或have to都可以不是表个人看法时,只能用 have to:Eg: You can ' t park your car here for nothing You have t

10、o pay.俳个人看法 ) It ' s a fantastic film You must see it./You have to see it.33、I used to/I didn't used to/ did you use to ? 38、there has been/there have been一般过去时现在完成时There was an accident last night.Look! There ' s been an accidentWhen we arrived at the theatre , there was a long queue ou

11、tside.This road is very dangerous. There have been many accidents.Why are those policemen outside the bank?There ' s bdeirere was a robbery .41、反义疑问句Have you?/are you ? /don' t you 表"对某事感兴趣或感到惊奇 I' ve bought a new car.-Oh, have you?记住：前否后肯,前肯后否It ' s a nice day, isn?' t itTh

12、at isn ' t your cars it?42、 too/either so am I/neither do I(1)句尾toor m happy tooeither(否认)I' m not happy either.I' m happy.So am I(so was he/so do I/so would I)I'm notI' m not happyNeither am I(可用nor代替neither)I am(2) both+复数名词either/neither单数名词,谓语动词用单数both(of)theeitherneitherofth

13、ese/those my/your/Paul ' s 44、疑问句(1) is it ?/have you ?/do they why?is/why do n't?(2) who saw you ? /who did you see ?(3)以特殊疑问词开头的句子,介词位于句尾：where are you from ?4 what's it like ? /what are they like? 表询问某事物的情况新旧、好坏、大小等5疑问词whatWhat+名词What time /what size不加名词What' s your namewhichWhich

14、+名词物/人Which train did you catch?不加名词时,不指代人Which is biggest?howHow+形容词/副词How tall are you ?How deep/how heavy/how high/how big What 范围更厂Which 选择较少What' s the capital of Argentina?Which colour do you prefer, pink or yellow ?52、不定式与-ing形式55、go togo to workgo to schoolgo to universitygo to hospitalg

15、o to prisongo to bedgo to sleepgo to churchgo to the bank/the theatre/the airportgo homego to the doctor/dentist(be)at work(be)at school(be)at university(be)in hospital (be)in prison (be) in bed(be) in/at church(be)at homego ongo on holiday go on a trip go on a tour go on an excursion go on a cruise

16、 go on a strikego forgo for a walk go for a run go for a swim go for a drink go for mealgogoing/went/gone shopping swimming fishing sailingskiing jogging56、get +名词收到/买到/找到某物get a job/get a letterget +交通工具get a bus get a train get a taxiget +形容词变得.get hungry get cold get tiredget to +地点到达get to workg

17、et to NYget here/get homeget的短语get in a car get out of a car get on a bus get off a bus get married结婚 get dressed穿衣 get lost 迷路57、do 与 makedodo an examdo a testdo a coursedo homeworkdo houseworkdo somebody a favourdo an exercisedo the shoppingdo the washing 洗衣服do the washing-up 洗碗do the ironing 熨烫do

18、 the cookingmakemake a mistakemake an appointment make a phone callmake a listmake a noisemake a bedmake a film 拍电影take a photograph 拍照66、名词在英语中,以下词语以复数出现：scissors glasses trousers jeans shorts tights pyjamas people police以下名词通常不可数advice bread furniture hair information news weather worka bottle of

19、watera carton of milka bar of chocolate/ a box of chocolatesa piece of cheesea bottle of perfumea piece of musica bowl of ricea cup of coffeea game of tennis73、the的用法the sun the moon the world the sky the sea the countrythe police the fire brigade the armythe top the end the middle the leftthe piano

20、 the guitar the trumpetthe radiothe Internet注意：1. television/TV 不用 the : I watch TV a lot.但是 can you turn off the TV (=the TV set)2. breakfast/lunch/dinner 等不力口 the3. next/last + week/month/year/summer等不力口 the4. 球类名词前不加the5. 学科名词前不加thethe(地名)1.地域名称前一般不用theFrance/Japan/Peru2.与国家、岛屿、山脉等名称的复数形 式连用the A

21、lps/the Philippines/the Netherlands/the Canary Islands3.洋、海、江、河的名称前用thethe Atlantic/the Amazon/the Nile/theBlack sea4.街道、广场等名称前小用thelives in Newton Street/Highfield Road/Times Square5.机场、车站、大学、城堡等重要建 筑物不用theKennedy Airport/London Zoo/VictoriaStation6.宾馆、影院、剧院、博物馆的名称前要用thethe Regent Hotel/the Nationa

22、l Theatre/the Science Museum7.表方位时用thethe north/south/east/west of 77、not + any/no/more (1)not + any=no 七 =not a(2) no通常用于 have (got)与 there is/are 之后(3)动词否认形式+any =动词肯定形式+no(4)no之后接名词、none可单独使用None 表示“无 ;noone 表示“没人nobody = not + anybody noone =not + anyone nothing = not + anything 80、every/all(1)e

23、very +单数名词,谓语动词用单数(2) everywhere 是副词all most some any no+cities children books moneyall(of)thethis/that these/those my/your most some any noneof83、a lot/ much/many/(a)little/(a ) few(1)a lot of +可数/不可数 也可不跟名词(2) much+不可数,用于否认句与疑问句,也可不跟名词(3)many+ 复数(4)a little+不可数 表"有一点但不多a few+复数表有一点但是不多little+

24、不可数 表“几乎没有few+复数表“几乎没有"88、a bit older/ much olderA bit older than.A bit more difficult thanMuch better thanMuch more expensive than 89、not as asNot as much as.Not as many asThe same as -o-90、the oldest/ the most expensive可用最高级 +I' ve evero-7 you ' ve ever等:.The film was very bad. I thin

25、k it ' s the worst film I .' ve ever seenWhat is the most unusual thing you' ve ever done91、enough/tooenough for sb/sthtoo . for sb/sthenough to do sthtoo .to do sthenough for sb/sth totoo . fosb todo sthdo sth93、词序(1)地点状语位于时间状语之前：we went to a party last night .(2) always/never/often等词用于

26、动词之前,be动词之后,两个动词之间always usuallyoften ever sometimesrarely neveralso seldomalready all just stillbothe.goIalways drink coffee in the morning .I am always tired.I will always remember you . / I can never find my keys.96、give/ lend/pass/send/show/buy/getgive sth to sbgive sb sth注意：当某物为代词 it或them时,用第一种

27、结构比拟好:I gave it to my father.98、when(1)当以when开头时,两局部用逗号隔开：When I went out, it was raining .(2) 一般现在时用于 when之后表示将来：Lisa will be in Mexico when Sarah is in New York.When I get home this evening, I ' m going thave a shower.(3) before/while/after/until 的用法类似：Please close the window before you go out

28、.I ' ll wait here untyou come back.99、if(1) if之后常用一般现在时：If you see Ann tomorrow , can you ask her to call me?What shall we do if it rains?(2)if I/you/he/she/they/it had I/you/hewould .if I/it/he/she was或 if I/it/he/she were.(这里的动词都是过去式 )IfIy ouitt heyhad/knew/live d/went didn ' t have/didn &

29、#39; tknow were could Iyou it theywould(n' )tcould( n' t)buy behave go.在这种句子里,句意表示事实上这个假设不成立：If I had the money , I would buy a fast car.事实上我没有钱买车.I wouldn ' t go out if I were you 事实上我不是你.3比拟if I have/ if it isI must go and see Helen. If I have time, I will go today. (=maybe I ' ll

30、have time so maybe I ' ll)goI ' ll help you if I can( =maybe I can help you)if I had/if it was I must go and see Helen. If I had time, I would go today. (=I don ' t have time toda so I will not go ) I'd help you if I could, but I can .103、at/on/in(1)at时间点8 o'clock 10.30 midnighto

31、n 星期、日期、节日Sunday/Monday 25 April/6 June New Year ' s Dayin月份、年份、季节April/June 2003/1998 summer/spring2固定搭配at the weekendin the morningon Monday morningat nightat Christmasat the end ofat the momentin the afternoon in the eveningin five minuteson Tuesday afternoon: this、 last、 next、 every用介词,如 nex

32、t year106、in/at/oninin a room in a shop in the water in Brazil in the fieldatat the bus stopat the doorat the traffic lightsat her deskat the top/bottom/end of(at the age of 21 /at 50kilometres an hour/at 100 degrees )onon a shelfon a plateon a balconyon the flooron a wallon a dooron the ceilingon a horse/bicycle/motorbikeon footon holidayon tel