全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题

1、个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用1 / 1920XX年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题预测试卷Secti on IUse of En glishPart ADirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔朧。The basic function of money is the en able buying to be separated from sel

2、l ing, thus permitt ing trade to take placewithout the so called double incidence of barter If a person lias something to sell and wants something else 1retur n, it is not n ecessary to search for some one able and 2to make the desired excha nge of items. The pers on can sell the 3 itemfor general p

3、urchasing powerthat is,“monteyanyone who wants to buy it and then use theproceeds to buy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測樅。The importanee of this function of money is 4 illustrated by the experienee of Germany just after World Warn, 5 paper money was 6largely useless be

4、cause, despite in flati onary con diti ons, price con trols were effectively 7 by the American, French, and Britisharmies of occupation. People had to8 to barter or to inefficient money substitutes.The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German“economic miracle”just aftpartly

5、a curre ncy reform by the occupatio n authorities, 9 some econo mists hold that it stemmed primarily from theGerman governments 10 of all price controls, 11 permitting a money economy to 12 a barter econom残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骤東。13 of the act of sale from the act of purchase 14 the existe nce of somethi ng th

6、at will be gen erally accepted inpayme ntthis is the15 of excha nge”fun cti on of mon ey. But there must also be someth ing that can serve as a 16abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceeds in the interim 17 the first sale and the 18 purchase, or from whichthe buyer can 19the g

7、en eral purchas ing power with which to pay 20 what is bought. This is the“asset”function of酽锕极額（閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭钯。developedBreservedCrenderedDimagined謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔點鉍杂。encouragedBenlargedCenduredDconformBresortCcommitDgearIntroductionBSpecificationCRepresentationDSeparation籟丛妈羥为贍债蛏练淨槠挞曉。assumes BrequiresCfocus

8、esDun dertakes預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴買闥龅。mediumBfunctionCroleDnaturefashionableBfavorableCtemporaryDtoken渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦鋇絨钞。bothBforCbetweenDaftercon seque ntBreleva ntCin adequateDsubseque nt铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡缝勵罴。executeBextractCexceed Dexcha nge2.AcapableBlikely，CdesirableDwilli ng3.AexcessBextraCsurplusDample4.Adramatical

9、lyBurgentlyCfaithfullyD5.AwhenBbeforeCsinceDuntil1.:A:onB:inCby:D:forincidentally彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑诒尔肤。6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A11.A12.A13.A14.A15.A16.A17.A18.A19.A20.Aenforced厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚卺癩龔。deprivationBstimulationCelim in ationtherebyBthereforeCthe n DwhilealternateBestablishCsubstitute DandBbutCthereforeDhoweverDre

10、striction茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪镀齐鈞replace鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴縈诘聾。个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用2 / 19forBoffCbackDinSectionnReading ComprehensionPart ADirectio ns: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷報赢无。Text1Two related p

11、aradoxes also emerge from the same basic conception of the aesthetic experience. The first was given extendedconsideration by Hegel, who argued roughly as follows: our sensuous attention and that gives to the work of art its peculiarindividuality. Because it addresses itself to our sensory appreciat

12、ion, the work of art is essentially concrete, to be understood by anact of perception rather than by a process of discursive thought.贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷鯛汉鼉。At the same time, our understanding of the work of art is in part intellectual; we seek in it a conceptual content, which it presents to usin the form of

13、 an idea. One purpose of critical interpretation is to expound this idea in discursive formto give the equivalent of thecontent of the work of art in another, nonsensuous idiom. But criticism can never succeed in this task, for, by separating the contentfrom the particular form, it abolishes its ind

14、ividuality. The content presented then ceases to be the exact content of that work of art. Inlosing its individuality, the content loses its aesthetic reality; it thus ceases to be a reason for attending to the particular work and thatfirst attracted our critical attention. It cannot be this that we

15、 saw in the original work and that explained its power over us.坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚跻馱釣。For this content, displayed in the discursive idiom of the critical intellect, is no more than a husk, a discarded relic of a meaning thateluded us in the act of seizing it. If the content is to be the true object of aesthe

16、tic interest, it must remain wedded to its individuality:it cannot be detached from it s“sensuous embodiment”without being detached from itself. Content is, therefore, inseparablefrom form and form in turn inseparable from content. (It is the form that it is only by virtue of the content that it emb

17、odies.)蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘籜葦繯。Hegels argumenst tihe archetype of many, all aimed at showing that it is both necessary to distinguish form from content and alsoimpossible to do so. This paradox may be resolved by rejecting either of its premises, but, as with Kants antinomy, neither premiseseems dpisensable.

18、To suppose that content and form are inseparable is, in effect, to dismiss both ideas as illusory, since no twoworks of art can then share either a content or a form-the form being defi nitive of each works in div買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄届嬌擻。In this case, no one could ever justify his interest in a work of art by

19、reference to itsmeaning. The intensity ofaesthetic interest becomes a puzzling, and ultimately inexplicable, feature of our mental life. If, on the other hand, we insist thatcontent and form are separable, we shall never be able to find, through a study of content, the reason for attending to the pa

20、rticularwork of art that intrigues us. Every work of art stands proxy for its paraphrase. An impassable gap then opens between aestheticexperience and its ground, and the claim that aesthetic experience is intrinsically valuable is thrown in doubt.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴飙钪麦。21. Hegel argued that .Ait is our sens

21、uous appreciation that gives peculiar individuality to the work of art驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦諑琼针。Bit is the content of the work of art that holds our attention猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑献鵬缩。Cthe work of art cannot be understood without a process of logical thinking锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔嗚訝摈。Dthe form of the work of art is what our sensuous a

22、ppreciation concentrates on構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛門戲鷯。22. It can be inferred from this passage that .Athe paradox that it is both necessary to distinguish form content and also impossible to do so cannot be resolved by rejectingits premises輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶蛴镧釃。Bboth content and form of the work of art are illusory尧侧閆繭絳

23、闕绚勵蜆贅瀝纰縭。Cthe content and form of the work of art are separable识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒侬减攙。Daesthetic experience is not intrinsically valuable凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴铍賄鹗。23. Which of the following is NOT what Hegel believed?恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦聰櫻郐。AThe content and form of the work of art cannot be separated from each other.鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫摇饬缗

24、。BThe content of the work of art is always the true object of aesthetic interest.硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹鸶胶据。CThe content presented without any individuality is not the content of the work of art.阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖輛埙 鵜。个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用3 / 19DThe content understood by means of a process of discursive thought is no more tha

25、n a husk.氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘 颔澩纷釓鄧。24. Premises that are related to each other seems to be dispe nsable because釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘慶獷緞。AKant thinks they are indispensableBeither of them can resolve the paradoxCthe premises are separatedDthe premises can account for the theory25. This passage is mainly about .Athe sensuo

26、us appreciation of artBthe basic conception of the aesthetic experience怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉馴鸨撟。Chow to appreciate the work of artDthe relationship between form and content of the work of art谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類谨觋鸾。Text2Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in b

27、ills, notes, and other forms ofshortterm credit can buy and sell. The“money market”is a set of institutions or arrangemhandling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and shortterm credit. The need for such facilities arises in much thesame way that a similar need does in connection wi

28、th the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their finalusers at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers, he must have active contacts withothers who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his sto

29、ckintrade. The money market is made up ofspecialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financialservicescommercial banks, savings institutions, investment houses, lending agencies, and even governmentsto do their job. Ithas little

30、 if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities orborrow fromthem.嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩癱恳迹。The elemental functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modern economy, even one that is largely planned orsocialist, but t

31、he arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries thatuse market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses. Thegeneral distinguishing feature of a money market is t

32、hat it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of fundsat any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds, to work out the best practicable distribution of the existing total volume ofsuch funds.熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库圆鍰缄。In their market transactions, those with bulk supplies of fu

33、nds or demands for them, rely on groups of intermediaries who act asbrokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen, the services they perform, and their relationship to other parts of thefinancial vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place whe

34、re the middlemen get together,yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that hewill get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences (including his own) that are currently affecting the whole supply

35、and thewhole demand. In nearly all cases, moreover, the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price(that is, rate of interest) for similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes inthe pressure of available

36、supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞阕簣择。26. The first paragraph is mainly about .A. the definition of money marketB. the constitution of a money marketC. the basic functions of a money marketD. the general feature of a money market27. Accord

37、ing to this passage, the money market .A. provides convenient services to its customers个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用4 / 19B. has close contact with the individuals or firms seeking funds纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛覲僨鴛。C. maintains accounts with various retailers of financial services颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷涨负這。D. is made up of institutions who

38、specialize in handling wholesale monetary transactions濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻減栖綜。28. Which of the following statements concerning money market is not true according to this passage?銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼鏗穎報。A. Money market does not exist in planned economies.挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类芈罷鸨。B. Money market has been established in some sociali

39、st countries.赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈極嚕辫。C. Money market encourages open competition among bulk suppliers of funds.塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫麩适绲。D. Money market relies upon market processes to distribute funds to final users.裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺递灿扰。29.The author uses the example of middleman to show .仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁絛鯛鱧。A. market transactions a

40、re important in different countries绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧恒蟬轅。B. dealers are needed in doing businessC. middlemen can play great role in different transactions and different countries.骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙骠弒綈。D. middlemen in different countries have different actions in business.瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉貿锕戧。30.According to this passage,

41、.A. brokers usually perform the same kinds of services to their customers鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類碍穑鳓。B. brokers have little contact with each otherC. open competition tends to result in a common price for similar transactions at any given moment栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬奧伛辊。D. changes in the pressure of available supplies of fun

42、ds upon market tends to maintain a common price for similar transactions辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应頁諳绞。Text 3Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereasmany philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intri

43、nsic value and the utilitarians at least have alwaysaccepted that the pleasures and pains of nonhuman animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad ifdodos become extinct or a rain forest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only because of the loss to huma

44、ns or othersentient creatures? Or is there more to it than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers,species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have avalue independent of the instrumenta

45、l value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures.峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺诈機愦。Our concern for the environment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future?From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be:

46、 nothing. For we can benefit them, but theyare unable to reciprocate. Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, forone, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less con

47、sideration totheir interests than we give to our own, provided only that we are certain that they will exist and will have interests that will be affectedby what we do. In the case of, say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests ofgeneratio

48、ns to come.詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜靈韬鰍。The question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can affect the size of future generations by thepopulation policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that theworld is already dange

49、rously overcrowded. This may well be so, but the notion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical issue thatis ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons andPersons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high aspossible?

50、Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfarethe average multiplied by the number of peopleis as great aspossible? Both answers lead to counterintuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in appliedethics.则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园栋泷华缙輅。31. The first paragraph is mainly abo

51、ut .Athe intrinsic value of human experiencesBthe intrinsic value of the experiences of nonhuman animals胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪钇賻锵咏繞。个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用5 / 19Cthe intrinsic value of ecological system as a whole鳃躋峽祷紉诵帮废掃減萵輳慘。Dan ancient ethical question about the nature of intrinsic value稟虛嬪赈维哜妝扩踴粜椤灣鲳。32. , we owe noth

52、ing to the future generations.AIn the authors opinionBFrom a social contrast view of ethicsCFor a utilitarianDFor most environmentalists33. Population policy we take should be considered .陽簍埡鲑罷規呜旧岿錟麗鲍轸。ApositiveBnegativeCcomplexDreasonable34. According to this passage, optimum population .沩氣嘮戇苌鑿鑿槠谔應

53、釵蔼绋。Arefers to the population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible钡嵐縣緱虜荣产涛 團蔺缔嵛恽。Brefers to the population size at which the total amount of welfare will be as great as possible懨俠劑鈍触乐鹇烬 觶騮揚銥鯊。Cis a difficult philosophical issue which remains to be resolved in the fu

54、ture謾饱兗争詣繚鮐癞别瀘鯽礎輪。Dis a difficult philosophical issue which Derek Parfit has successfully settled in Reasons and Persons呙铉們欤 谦鸪饺竞荡赚趱為練。35. The proper title for this passage should be .AA Mystery in Applied EthicsBOur Obligations to Future GenerationsCEnvironmental EthicsDEnvironmental issuesText4Per

55、haps only a small boy training to be a wizard at the Hogwarts school of magic could cast a spell so powerful as to create thebiggest book launch ever. Wherever in the world the clock strikes midnight on June 20th, his followers will flock to get their paws onone of more than 10m copies of“HarryPotte

56、r and the Order of the Phoenix”. Bookshops will open in the middle of the night anddelivery firms are drafting in extra staff and bigger trucks. Related toys, games, DVDs and other merchandise will be everywhere.There will be no escaping Pottermania.莹谐龌蕲賞组靄绉嚴减籩诹戀。Yet Mr Potters world is a curious on

57、e, in which things are often not what they appear. While an excitable media(hereby including The Economist, happy to support such a fine example of globalisation) is helping to hype the launch of J.K. Rowlings fifth novel, about the most adventurous thing that the publishers (Scholastic in America a

58、nd Britains BloomsbiunrEy nglishelsewhere) have organised is a reading by Ms Rowling in Londons Royal Albert Hall, to be broadcast as a live webcast. Hollywood,which owns everything else to do with Harry Potter, says it is doing even less. Incredible as it may seem, the guardians of the brandsay tha

59、t, to protect the Potter franchise, they are trying to maintain a low profile. Well, relatively low.麸肃鹏镟轿騍镣缚縟糶尔摊鲟。Ms Rowling signed a contract in 1998 with Warner Brothers, part of AOL Time Warner, giving the studio exclusive film, licensing andmerchandising rights in return for what now appears to

60、have been a steal: some $500,000. Warner licenses other firms to producegoods using Harry Potter characters or images, from which Ms Rowling gets a big eno ugh cut that she is now wealthier tha n thequee n if you believ e Brita in s Sun day Times rich list. Theprocess is self generating: each book s