外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳

1、外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳一、时态(1) 一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually通常，often常常，every每，sometimes 有时，always 总是，” 等词。(2) 基本结构:主语 I / You / We / They /He / She / It肯定句：主语 + 动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式否定句：主语 + don t + 动词原形或者 doesn t + 动原一般疑问句(Yes/No) Do ？ Yes, I do. No,I don ' t.Does(动词原形)？ Yes,he/she does. No,he/ she does

2、n ' t.特殊疑问句 What do？ How does she(动词原形)？(3) 动词第三人称单数形式( 同名词单数变成复数方法相同)1. 一般情况+s 如 :walk-walks2. 辅音字母+y结尾 去y +ies fly-flies3. 结尾是s, x ， sh, ch +es watch-watches4. 结尾是0 +es do-does, go-goes5. 特殊 have-has2现在进行时表示正在发生的动作，通常用“ now现在，look看，linsen听”.(2) 基本形式: be + 动词 -ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework

3、.You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating.What are you doing?Is he reading?(3) 动词的现在分词形式( 动词 +ing)一般情况+ing walk walking结尾是不发音的e -e + ing come coming 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母+ingswim-swimming run-running(4) 一般过去时(1)表示过去已经发生的事情，通常用“last上一个，just now 刚才，many years ago 许多年前，yesterday 昨天”等词。(2) be 动词的过

4、去式: am/is was are were(3) 过去式基本结构肯定句：主语+ 动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句：主语+ d idn t + 动词原形I didn t go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did+动词原形？Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-) What did +动词原形？What did you do last night?(4) 动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:(1) 一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed(2) 以不发音的e 结

5、尾 +d liked tied(3) 辅音字母加y 结尾 -y+ ied study studied, cry- cried(4) 重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字双写最后一个字母+edplan planned stop stopped不规则动词的变化:原形 过去式am /is was do dideat ateteach taughtgive gavesing sangcut cutlet letsee sawcome cametell toldcarry carried4. 一般将来时原形 过去式原形 过去式are werefind foundfeel felttake tookhave

6、 haddrive drovebegin beganring rangrun randraw drewlearn learntstudy studiedgo went buy bought drink drankread readput putmeet metmake madewrite wroteride rode sit sat get gottomorrow, nextSunday 等时间状语连用。结构 :be going to + 动词原形或will + 动词原形例如 :I m going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人称代词主格 I we you

7、he she it they宾格 me us you him her it them形容词性物主代词my our your his her its their名词性物主代词mine ours yours his hers its theris(注 : 介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。)三、可数名词的复数形式1. 一般名词：+ s book - books2. 辅音字母加y 结尾 : - y+ ies story stories3. 以 s, x ， sh, ch ，结尾 : + es glass glasses; a watch-watches以 o 结尾 :1) 有生命

8、的+es potato-potatoes2) 无生命的+s photo-photoes4 .以 f 或 fe 结尾：-f 或 fe 变为 ves knife knives; shelf-shelves5 . 特殊的名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, 四、不可数名词( 没有复数形式)bread, rice,

9、water, juice ， milk ， tea ， coffee五、缩略形式I m = I amyou re = you areshe s = she ishe s = he ishasn t = he has(got)it s = it iswho s =who iscan t =can not isn t=is notdidn t=did notweren t=were notwasn t=was not let s=let usI ll=I will六、 a. an .the 的用法1 . 单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach ， a “ U”单词的第一个读音是元

10、音读音:an egg ， an hour ， an “ F”2 .the 要注意的: 球类前面不加the ， play football乐器前面要加the， play the piano序数词前面要加the, the second七、介词1. 表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind. ， under2. 表示时间:(1)at : 几点前面用at 如 :at six o clock, 没有 day 的节日前用at 如 :atChristmas, 固定词组at the weekends ， at nig

11、ht(2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上( 指具体的某一天时)on Sunday 在星期天on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午on March 8 在 3 月8日；带有Day的节日前用on如：on National Day(3)in: 早晨， 中午， 晚上前用in:in the morning ， in the afternoon ， in theevening ， 月份前用in ， 如 in December; 季节前用in ， 如 winter; 年份前用in ，如 in 1999八、基数词变成序数词的方法1. 直接在基数词词尾加上th 。如 :sevent

12、h 第七， tenth 第十， thirteenth 第十三， 2. 以 y 结尾的基数词，变y 为 i ，再加上eth 。如 :twentieth 第二十。3. 不规则的。如 :first 第一 , second 第二， third 第三， fifth 第五， eighth第八， ninth 第九， twelfth 第十二。4. 有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-first 第二十一。 九、 some /any 的用法1. 肯定句中用some:I have some toys in my bedroom.2. 问句和否定句中用any:Do you have any

13、brothers or sisters?He hasn t got any pencils in his pencil -case.3. 询问想要什么时用some:Would you like some juice?Can I have some stamps?十、 there be 结构1 .肯定何（有）:There is +单数或不可数名词There are + 复数注 : 遵循就近原则，看靠there be 最近的2 .一般疑问何（有吗，）:Is there？ Yes, there is./ No, there isn ' t.Are there ？ Yes, there are

14、. /No, there aren ' t.3 .否定何（没有）：There isn ' t .There aren ' t .4 .there be 句型与 have（has） 的区别 :there be 表示在某地有某物（ 或人 ）;have（has） 表示某人拥有某物。十一、祈使句Sit down please.Don t open the door, please.Let s go to the park.（注 : 祈使句中动词用原形）十二、 （ 情态 ）动词can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。1. I / He / S

15、he / They can sing.May I come in?I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. You ll be good friends.十四、特殊疑问句1 .What 什么 （ 问什么事 , 什么物或什么工作等）What are you doing, I m reading.What did you do yesterday? I played basketball.What are you going to do? I m going to do homework.What is that? It s a

16、 book.What does he/she do?She s a nurse.What time is it? It s seven.2 . What colour 问颜色What colour is your coat? It s red.3 . when 什么时候When do you get up? I get up at six thirty.When is your birthday? It s on the 21st of December.4 .Which 哪一个Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?The y

17、ellow is mine.5 .Who 谁Who is the man with a big nose? He s my uncle.6 .Whose 谁的Whose bag is it? It s his bag.7 .Where 哪里Where is my pen? It s under the book.8 .Why为什么Why do you like summer?Because 9 .How many 多少How many books are there in the school bag?There are four books in the school bag.10 . Ho

18、w old 几岁How old is the young man? He s nineteen.11 .How much 多少钱How much is the toy bear? It s eleven yuan.12 .How 怎么样(How long/ big/tall )How do you go to school everyday? I go to school by car.sayhelpknowlostlivereadruntakelistentalkseedrawjumpsingdancewantmakebuyhelpgiveclimbvisitgetanswerlearntakefl