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1、高中英语语法填空教案【篇一:高中英语教学案语法填空】高中英语教学案语法填空解题技巧解题思维导图根据设题规律,可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表:语法填空解题思路1解题技巧一下列情况很可能填不定冠词:(a/an)(1) + 可数名词(单数);(2) + 形容词 +可数名词(单数)。下列情况下很可能填定冠词:(the)(1) (+ 定语 )+名词 + of 等介词短语(表示特指);(2) (+ 定语 )+名词+定语从句(表示特指);(3) (+ 定语 )+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。1. there once were a goat and a donkey .so the farme
2、r killed goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.2. when i see a child subject to this kind of pressure, i think of donnie. he was shy, nervous perfectionist.3. the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away.解题技巧二在无提示词题型当中,空格所填
3、词在句子中作主语或宾语时,通常填代词,包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语), it 等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。因为句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当,而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查。1. he asked his teacher, “ sir, the water is awful. why did you pretend to like ?”2. jane was walking round the department store. she remembered how dif
4、ficult was to choose a suitablechristmas present for her father.3. i wanted to reward the old man for the trouble that i had caused .解题技巧三(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and, or, but等。(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定是填连接词,否则,句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句 ( 多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or
5、等 )还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个连词。定语从句( who ,whom,that,which,whose ,when,where,why 等)名词性从句( what,that,which,if,whether 等)状语从句( when ,where,why,how,though 等)1. it was not long the waitress came back and thenshe began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.2. b
6、ut nothing changed until midterm, mary anne, astudent teacher, was appointed to our classroom.3. jane paused in front of a counter some attractiveties were on display.4. one day, he came up with an idea he would pluck upall of his crop a few inches.解题技巧四在有提示词题型当中,词性转换解题常可利用以下语法小则作为判断依据:1. 介词、冠词、所有格后
7、接名词;22. 形容词修饰名词;3. 副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子。1. “ thirty-five ce nts, ” she said (rude).2. as far as i am concerned, my (suggest) is thatwe should always have a notebook and a chinese-english within easy reach.3. this proverb is saying we have to let things go in their(nature) course.4. (doubt), although ther
8、e is still room forimprovement to this policy, i think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.解题技巧五在有提示词题型当中,通常,有表示范围的in /of 介词短语或形容词前有 the 时,一般要用最高级;than 的前面一定要用比较级。1. one of the (bad) gift choices i ever made wasfor my high school english teacher2. w
9、e were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words. when it was time to leave, i said “ thank you ” in korean, using some of the few words i had learned. i felt (lonely) than i had expected thatnight.3. lucille clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. critics c
10、all her one of the (great) writers of our time.解题技巧六规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤(有提示词)高考中大部分的非谓语动词试题都属于规律性的试题,解答这种类型的题目时,我们需按照“找逻辑主语、判断关系、判断形式”三个步骤来解题,即“第一,找非谓语动词的逻辑主语;第二,判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的逻辑关系,主动?被动?还是表示目的或者将来?第三,判断非谓语动词的形式。”注意:在语法填空中,首先要判断所给提示词在句中到底是做谓语还是非谓语。判定用非谓语动词形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语 ” ,即,句子不缺谓语的情况下,所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语
11、动词形式。一、非谓语动词作状语的题型:1. (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot ofthe mountain is a sea of trees.2. it rained heavily in the south, (cause) seriousflooding in several provinces.3. (complete) the project in time, the staff wereworking at weekends.二、非谓语动词作定语的题型:1. a great number of students (que
12、stion) said theywere forced to practice the piano.2. many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one (repair) first is the library.the internet has become part of young people s life.1report shows that 38% of students often use the internet . most of them get 2(use) information onthe internet
13、 3use the internet to help in their studies.but many studentsdon t use it 4a good way. someplay games too much, some visit websites 5shouldn t look at. so bad things may happen 6_students spend too much time on the internet.7is important for students to use the internet properly. now we have a textb
14、ook, 8uses manyexamples to teach students some good ways to use the internet. it gives useful advice.some students also make 9on the internet. but if youwant to have a face-to-face 10(meet) with youronline friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.3【篇二:高考英语语法填空题解题指导教案】高考英语语法填空题解题指导教案
15、【命题分析】广东高考英语的语法填空题突出综合运用语言能力的考查,着重在语篇中考查考生的语法运用能力,强调语法知识在实际语言中的正确运用,其命题特点如下:1 、短文长度:在150 200 词之间。2 、命题形式:( 1 )提供单词原形:主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类,考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形,一般有3 个小题。( 2)纯空格形式:考生需要根据语境在每个空格处填入一个合适的词,这类题大约有7 小题,主要考查连词、介词、代词、冠词等。2 、语法考点:从考试说明的样题和近两年的高考题来看,实词以动词、代词、形容词、副词为主,其中动词又是重中之重;虚词以介词、冠词为主。而句法方面主要考查复合
16、句的引导词,如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。从考题的语法考查内容及题目的设计可以看出,考查的都是最基本的语法知识,没有往年单选题中的难题,设计也比较直接,没有过多的陷阱。【复习指导】针对高考语法填空题命题的特点,考生在复习备考中要注意以下几点:1 、 系统掌握语法知识、了解语法功能语法填空题主要是考查考生的语法运用能力,所以考生必须全面、系统地掌握语法,了解语法的主要功能,在此基础上才能正确运用语法。考生在第一轮复习时可以依据语法书的专题讲解,逐一巩固所学知识,做到各个击破。同时要了解各项语法功能,要能够准确分析句子结构和句子成分,如主语和宾语通常由名词、代词充当,谓语有时态、语态的变化,定
17、语常用形容词,状语要使用副词,介词、冠词的位置等等。对于句法主要是熟悉不同复合句的结构,准确判断从句的性质,并熟记各种引导词的作用。掌握了这些基本的语法知识,答题时才有充分的依据,否则就无从下手。2 、 积累基础词汇、掌握常用的短语搭配语法填空题要求考生填入单词,即考查考生的语言输出能力,所以考生对基础词汇的拼写必须重视,否则就吃大亏。对于常用的、易错的词要多下工夫记忆,如不规则动词过去式、过去分词的变化形式,名词、形容词、副词、否定等的构词规则等等,都要一一熟记在心。另外,语法填空题也常考查考生对习语、惯用法和典型句式掌握的熟练程度,所以要求考生在平时复习的过程中要注意积累习语、短语,对固定
18、搭配要了然于心,对典型句式做到脱口而出的程度。3 、 强化语篇意识,提高理解能力语法填空题的最大特点是在语篇中考查语法知识,准确理解短文是做好语法填空题的前提。这就要求考生要重视提高阅读高理解能力,平时可以选择一些难度中等的文章进行精读,研究文章的写作思路、组织结构特点等等,适当利用完型填空题的文章进行精读、细读,强化语篇意识。随着阅读量的增加和阅读能力的不断提高,材料难度可以适当加大。【解题技巧】由于语法填空题涉及的知识点比较基础,题目难度不是很高,所以解题技巧也是至关重要的。如何正确地运用自己知道的语法知识、提高答题的正确率?根据语法填空题命题的形式和特点,答题时我们可以从词义、词类、词性
19、等方面入手。一、关于纯空格形式1 、根据语境判断词义通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义,此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意的是,有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义,但有时要通过几个句子、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。( 1 )定义法:定义法是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义,这类词主要是名词,如:we are all in the position of the. if we plant a goodseed, we will get a good harvest. if our seed is poor a
20、nd full ofweeds, we ll get a useless crop. if we don t plant anything,we ll harvest nothing at all.答案: farmer 。解释:通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是 “ 农夫、农民” ,特别是几个关键词“ plant, seed, harvest 与 ”farmer 的工作特点是完全一致的。( 2)对比法:对比法指通过句子的对比关系来判断所缺单词的词义,通常可以通过一些连词或副词来判断,如but, or, however, while,on the contrary, on the othe
21、r hand 等。如:there are more teachers in my schools thanmen teachers.答案: women 。解释:通过对比后面的men teachers 可以确定空格词义是“女性的 ”,即名词women 作定语修饰teachers 。( 3)因果法:指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。如:the museum was sothat it will be impossible to see allthe exhibits in one day.答案: large 。解释:根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展品”可以判
22、断主句指的原因是“博物馆太大了”。( 4)语境线索:即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词义。如:one day mother looked at nick s shoes and said, “ nick, look at your shoes. how they are! you must clean them”.答案: dirty 。解释:根据语境“看看你的鞋子、你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空格处词义是“脏的 ”,句意是“你的鞋子是多么脏!”。2 、根据句子成分确定词性对于纯空格形式的填空,在确定词义后,还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析:
23、(1)主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当,有时也有动名词、不定式短语。如:from monday until friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy .答案: themselves 。解释:此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构,句子的主语是they ,谓语是are free , to relax and enjoy是目的状语,在这个状语中缺宾语,再根据语境“周末时自由放松 ”,所以要使用反身代词thems
24、elves 。( 2)谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后,要判断其时态和语态。由于题目要求每空只填一词,所以时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。如:she is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always by his side whether he is pooror rich.答案: stands 。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词,根据语境,此空含义是 “站在(他身边)”,即 stand 。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时,由于主语是she ,所以使用第三人称单数stands
25、。但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词,如:at midnight, i woke up to find the wife soundly in herman s embrace. i could see thesmile of security on her face.答案: sleeping 。解释:此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境 “半夜我醒来时发现那人的妻子正在她的男人的怀抱中熟睡所以使用动词sleep 的现在分词形式充当补语。( 3)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当,有时也有动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。如:every year, on spring festival eve, cc
26、tvbroadcasts its spring festival galato millions ofviewers.答案: live 。解释:此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcast - live意为现场直播”。( 4)状语主要由副词充当。如:he dug for 12 hours 24 hours.,in the 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his son s voice.答案: eventually /finally 。解释:此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从语境可以理解到此空含义是“终于,最
27、后”,由于是修饰后面的整个句子,所以使用副词形式。3 、根据句子类型确定词类若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号,可以判断,一定是填连词。连词有两类,一种是并列连词,一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型:(1) 并列句:并列句一般由简单句+并列连词+简单句构成,有时并列连词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and) 、转折关系(but) 、选择关系(or) 、因果关系(so) 等。如:“ there are many mainland students at my university and all the other universiti
28、es in hong kong. these students could not speak cantonese at first, i had to speak putonghua tomake friends with them ” said chueng.答案: so 。解释:根据上下句的语义可以判断是因果关系,所以使用so 。句意为“这些学生不会讲广州话,所以,为了跟他们交朋友,我不得不讲普通话”。(2) 状语从句:当确定为状语从句后,就要通过语境理解,判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他,最后确定从属连词。如:the sun came out, he lo
29、oked down and laughed. therewas no abyss. just six inches down there was a rock.答案: as/when 。解释:根据前后两个都是简单句可以判断是缺从属连词,从第一句的含义来看,是表示时间的状语从句,所以使用as/when 。(3) 名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语,如果缺以上成分,一般情况下要使用what ,有时可能使用 who/whom 或 which ;如果不缺以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用that ,意思不完整的则考虑where,why, how, b
30、ecause 等。如:i was in the train sitting opposite a middle-aged couple. they were ordinary in every respect, but they did touchedme deeply.答案: what 。解释:此处考查主语从句的引导词。从句中缺表示物的主语,所以使用what 。(4)定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点,还是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分,再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。如:however, cheung,graduated from hong
31、kong baptist university this summer, has found that now she needs putonghua more thanever.答案: who 。解释:此处考查非限制性定语从句的引导词的用法。由于先行词是人cheung( 张 ),引导词在从句中作主语,所以使用who 。(4) 、根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点,只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。如:volunteer work plays an important in america s highschool education.答案:
32、part o解释:此处考查短语play a part in 的搭配用法。但要有时命题者会在设计时增加一些难度,在短语之间插入其他一些成分,或将固定连用的短语分隔开来,这一点也需注意。som e parents tried to pull him off the school s ruins, saying,“ it s too late! they are all dead! there is nothing you can do!each parent he responded with the same line:“ are you going to help me now? ” and
33、then he continued to dig for his son, stone by stone.答案:to。解释:此处考查短语 respond to 的固定搭配。由于宾语 each parent 放在了句首,短语被拆开,所以难度加大了许多。二、提供单词原形的空格1 、括号内提供的是动词当括号内提供的是动词时,主要要判断是谓语还是非谓语。( 1 )当考查的是谓语时,首先要判断其时态和语态。如:since hong kong (rejoin) china in 1997, more studentfrom the chinese mainland have chosen to study
34、 there.答案: rejoined 。解释:此处考查作谓语的动词形式。根据主句的时态 have chosen 及从句的时间状语in 1997 ,此空动词应该是一般过去时态。答案: living 。解释:此处考查作非谓语的动词形式。动词live( 生活 ) 作原因状语,与逻辑主语she 是主动关系,所以使用现在分词living 。2 、括号内提供的是形容词或副词如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是判断考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内提供的是副词,一般是判断考察形容词,即要变成形容词形式。如:“ thirty-five cents, ” she said(rude).答案: rudely 。
35、解释:此处考查副词作状语的用法。括号内提供的是形容词,要用来修饰动词said ,所以要使用副词形式。但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。如:at last, her courage and (wise) impressed both theceo and princeton university.答案: wisdom 。解释:括号内提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的名词 courage 是并列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式wisdom 。3 、括号内提供的是名词当括号内提供的是名词时,一般判断考查形容词,如:there, my voice sounds really(wonde
36、r) becausethere s a slight echo to it.答案: wonderful 。解释:括号内提供的是名词,但此空作系动词sounds 的表语,所以要使用形容词形式。但有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如:a certain man planted a rose and watered it( faith) andbefore it blossomed, he examined it. 答案: faithfully 。解释:括 号内提供的是名词,但此空是作状语,修饰动词water ,所以要变成副词。注意:先将名词faith 变成形容词faithful ,然后再变成副词fait
37、hfully 。【实例分析】实例1: (广东卷 )near a remote and poor village. cursing my misfortune, i was wondering where i was going to spend the night when i realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as tothere was a garage.i had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them villagers brought me goats cheese a
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