名词的用法精心整理

1、语 法：名 词 的 用 法一、 名词的分类名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类名词的种类America 美国，Shanghai 上海，the Great Wall 长城，Jenney （珍妮）the United Nations 联合国，the Communist Party ofChina中国共产党doctor 医生，te acher 老师，orangedesk 课桌Police 警察，people 人民，family 家庭，army 军队class 同学Time 时间 fun 玩笑，kindness 善息，idea 主息,yout h 青春，love 及 ，knowledge 知识study

2、ing doing swimmingrice 人米，water 水，fire 火，air 空气1.普通名词：某类人或事物的名称或者指某种抽象概念。在所有名词中占大多数。如：a book a driver a house1）个体名词个体名词有复数形式，如： weeks, problems;单数形式可以和a/an连用，如:a week, a problem, an old man.2）集体名词集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，下面是一些常见的集体名词：family （家，家庭）army （军队）company （公司；全体船员）enemy （敌人）government （政府）group （小组，团体

3、）public （公众）team （队；组）police （警方）集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待。His familylarge.His familyall music lovers.Our companysending him to work in Berlin.我们公司将派他去柏林工作。The policelooking for him.警察正在找他。Almost every family in the villagea television.a. have b. havingc. hasd . havetoAll my familyswimming 我全家都喜欢游泳a. like

4、 b,likesc.likeingd. liketo3）物质名词物质名词指无法分为个体的东西，我们学过的常见的物质名词有:beer, cloth, coal,coffee, coke, cotton, ice, ink,jam,juice, meat,soup,等。medicine , metal, milk, oil paper, rain, salad, salt, sand, snow, steel, sugar, tea, water, wine, wood, wool4）抽象名词抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念，一般不可数，因此没有复形，前面也一般不 力口不定冠词 a/an。age, a

5、nger, beauty, childhood, death, duty, fear, fun, happiness, health, help, history, industry, joy, labour, love, luck, music, nature, peace, pleasu1. They don ' t have to do today.A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homeworkD. much homeworks2. The blouse is made of.A. a woolB. these wood C

6、. woolsD. wooles from sheep and some people like eating it.A. Wool B. PorkC. MuttonD. Milk2.专有名词：指一个人或事物所特有的名称，具体的地点、人物、机构、国家 和地区等。如：China Newton London 等二、名词的数名词单数变复数具体规则如下：1 .规则变化 一般名词后加 s; 如：boyboys, pen pens等；举例：A school （一个学校）-（ 多个学校）brother（一个兄弟）-（多个兄弟）book （ 一本书）-（ 多本书） flower （一支花）-（多支花）map

7、（一张地图）-（多张地图）bag （一 个书包）-（ 多个书包）desk （ 一个书桌）-（ 多个书桌） hour （ 一 小时）-（多个小时）girl （ 一个女孩）-（ 多个女孩） teacher （ 一个老师）-（多个老师）doctor （ 一个医生）-（ 多个医生） student （ 一个学生）一（多个学生） 以s,x,sh,ch 结尾的，在词尾加es.如：class classes, 但stomach的复 数为 stomaches.class （ 一个班级）-（ 多个班级） dish（一个盘子）一（多个盘子）church （ 一个教堂）-（多个教堂）box （一个盒子）-（ 多个盒

8、子）bus （ 一辆公共汽车）-（多辆公共汽车）watch （ 一个表）-（ 多个表）brush （ 一个刷子）-（ 多个刷子） match （ 一根火柴）一（多根火柴）以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变为i ,再加es.如：babybabies.party （ 一个聚会）-（ 多个聚会）factory （ 一个工厂）-（多个工厂）family （ 一个家庭）-（多个家庭） country （ 一个国家）一 （多个国家）baby （ 一个小孩）-（ 多个小孩） city （一个城市）-（ 多个城市）university （一个大学）-多个大学）以f或fe结尾的名词把f或 fe 改为 v,再加 es.

9、如：knife -knives,half halves,leaf leaves, wolf wolves.以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es, 如：tomato tomatoes; 无生命的加 s,如：photophotos1.turn green in springa.leaf b. leave c, leaves d, leafs般名词复数构成法构成法例词Book-books, day-days, desk-desksclass-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,wish- wishescity-cities, country-countries, facto

10、ry-factoriesleaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives,thief-thieves, knife-knivies, half-halves,shelf-shelveshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes2.般名词复数复习flowerbrotherbook classa. radio b. radios c. radioes d. a radioare very useful to pupilsdishchurch-box-bus-watch - party - facto

11、ry -knife ,half ,family-country- baby leaf , wolf .city -university -match -map-hour -doctor brush 2.不规则变化man -men （ 男人）woman-women （女人）foot- feet （脚）child -children （ 儿童）tooth-teeth （牙）mouse -mice（老鼠）ox-oxen（牛）goose-geese （ 鹅） basis -bases（基础） policeman-policemen（ 警察）某些名词的不规则复数形式构成法构成法例词变内部兀音词尾加(r)

12、en单复数同形有些名词用于某一些含义时通常只有复数形式有些名词是单数形式，但一般作复数对待1.变内部元音的单词：常见的主要有manmen womanwomen foot feetmouse micetoothteeth注意：与 man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men和-women.The are operating him on his legA. woman doctor b. women doctor c. woman doctors d.women doctors2 .词尾加ren的复数形式child children3 .单复数同形的名词，deer, sheep, f

13、ish, work, Chinese , JapaneseThe farmer has ten a. sheeps b. deers c. cows d. chicken集合名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，如： people、police > cattle等本身就是复数，想说一个人，一个警察，一头牛，不能说 a people a police a cattle但可以说：a person, a policeman, a head of cattle,Almost every family in the village a television.a. have b. having c. h

14、as d . have toAll my family swimming 我全家都喜欢游泳a. like b,likes c. likeing d. like to4 .复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goodgoods货物，waterwaters水域，sweet-sweets醵果）等，比如electrical goods电器商品.a goods train铁路货车等等。The English , the British , the French, the Chinese, the Japanese the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时， 作复数用。如：The Chinese are i

15、ndustries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。如：an Englishman , two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans; Bowman 是姓，其复数是 the Bowmans.li , jin, yuan, two li , three mu, four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars ; a meter, two meters4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths, politics, physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

16、b. news是不可数名词。c. the United States, the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是 1945 年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。“The Arabian Nights " is a very interesting st-byok.<<一千零一夜 >>是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如： glasses （眼镜）、trousers若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair （对

17、，双）；suit (套)； a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers名称总称（谓语用复数）一个人两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansa Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Fr

18、enchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes()1. I met twoin the s

19、treet yesterday morning.A. German B. Australian C. American D. Japanese( )2. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans选择填空：1. There are three and seven in the picture.A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheepD. cow, sheeps2.

20、Sheep white and milk also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, are3. I,d like to have a glass of milk and.A. two breadsB. two pieces ofbreadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece ofbread4. Many are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD. child5. He bought.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair ofD

21、. two pair ofshoesC. two pairs of shoeshoe6. Mr. White has threeA. childB. childrenC. childsD. childrens7. Beijing is one of the biggest in the world.A. citysB. cityC. cityes8. -Are these?-D. citiesNo, they aren ' t. They ' reA. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows9. Ther

22、e are many in the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread 10. Here are for you, Sue.A. potatos B. some C. three tomatos D. some tomato 11. I met some in the park and talked with them the other day.A. JanpanesesB. AmericanC. ChinesesD. English12. There are two in the room.A. shelfB. shelfsC. shelfesD.

23、shelves13. There are seven in a week.A. years B. monthsC. daysD. minutes14. My father is a. He works in a hospital.D.t you put on your?D.Yes, I ' m fromC. England, English D.A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer writer15. It ' s very cold today. Why donA. watch B. shirt C. sweater glasses16. - Excu

24、se me, are you?-A. Japan, Japanese B. China, ChineseAmerican, America 数词加名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如：a two-week holiday,an 8-year old girl,另一种常见的形式有：five minutes ' walk, two days ' leave 等。1. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a to his office.A. 20 minutes ' walks B. 20 minute ' s walk C. 20-mi

25、nutes walk D.20-minute walk2. Mr. Green has lived in the hotel since he came to China.A. five-star B. five-stars C. five star ' s D. five stars 另外被man或womar#饰的名词变复数时，man和womans在另一个名词前面，则两个名词都要变复数。如：a man doctor two men doctors, a woman teacher two women teachers由-man和-woman构成的合成词，即 man和woma也在另一名

26、词后，则只把 man和womans为复数即可。如：EnglishwomanEnglishwomen, policeman policemen ,注意：German是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans.woman man German policeman man doctor woman teacher Japanese leafkilopotatoChinese shelfAmerican tooth ox goosefoot sheep half childmouse deer boy student girlstudentThere are five in our factory.A.

27、woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers三、不可数名词的表达不可数名词没有复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可以用以下两种方法： 用 much, a little, a lot of/ lots of, some, any等修饰不可数名词；可用表示单位的词修饰不可数名词，如： a piece of paper, two pieces of paper, a bottle of orange, a glass of juice, three bags of rice.单项选择( )1. John bought f

28、or himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoe()2. She needs.A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters D. two waters ()3. The boys have got already.A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread( )

29、4. The old man wants.A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of applesD. six boxs of apples四、名词所有肉名词的格1 .表示有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格一般在名词后加's,如：myfather ' s study.2 .加T s的规则： 以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词后加.如：the teachers ' reading room;s; 不以s结尾的复数名词所有格要加's.如：the women' s shoes;

30、如果一样东西为两人所共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加' 如果不是共有的，则两个名词后面都要加s.1.room is next to their parentsA. Kate ' s and Joan ' s B. Kate ' s and Joan C. Kate and Joan ' sD. Kate and Joan3.表示无生命的东西，一般用 of+名词的结构。如：a map of China.( )1. The post office is a bit far from here. It is about.A. thirty minutes 

31、9; s walk B. thirty minute ' s walkC. thirty minutess ' walk D. thirty minutes walk()2. Will you please show me the way to theshop?A. shoe B. shoes ' C. shoes D. shoe ' s( )3.room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily ' s C. Lucy ' s and LilyD. Lucy ' s an

32、d Lily ' s名词综合练习不"1 .找出可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式：homeworkmoneyknowledgemusicchickenbreadinformationtearBeefhalfbootheatmilkchickenadvicebloodmouthcowsheepwish2 .写出下列名词的复数形式：1. house 2. v川age 3. map4. orange 5. bag 6. exercise7. brush 8. family 9. bus10. city 11. box 12. baby13. class 14. fac

33、tory 15. glass16. dictionary 17. watch 18. woman19. match 20. man 21. wish22. German 23. tomato 24. policeman25. kilo 26. human 27. potato 28. Chinese 29. shelf 30. Japanese31. leaf 32. American 33. life34. tooth 35. wife 36. foot 37. knife 38. sheep 39. half40. child3.选择填空：1. The deer has four . A.

34、 foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2. Her two brothers are both. A. policeman B. policemans C.policemen D. policemens3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4. Two would come to the village.A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. w

35、oman doctors5. Can you see nine in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pigD. horse6. The has two.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7. The boy often brushes his before he goes to bed.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8. The Japanese will not leave China until she finishes he

36、r study.A. woman B. women C. man D. men9. There are lots of in the basket on the table.A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices4、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some(food) in the basket.3. The

37、baby has only two(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.5. There are five(people ) in his family.6. Let's take(photo), OK?7. I have lots of(tomato) here.8. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their(dictionary) look new.11. I

38、see you have a few white(hair).12. They are(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of(orange), please?14. There are many(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple(juice). I am very thirsty.名词综合练习-27一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family

39、11、toy12、foot13、 Japanese14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife22、shee18. mandoctor19.womannurse20.girl students二、翻译下列词组。五袋大米八只脚 三瓶果汁我的自行车教师节 妇女节 二张纸 四个男医生四十个女警察十二把小刀九个德国人一副世界地图Helen的朋友双胞胎的妈妈三、单项选择( )1. John bought for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoe()2.- What would you like to have for lunch, sir?-I'd like.A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( )3. Ther