数词和名词重难点精讲

1、学习目标1. 了解数词分为基数词和序数词：表示多少的词叫基数词,如：five.,表示 第几的词叫 序数词,如：third o2. 掌握基数词的表达方法：十位数和个位数之间须用连字号“一",如thirty-one, seventy-four;百位数和十位数之间用"and；如：two hundred and forty -seven3. 掌握序数词的表达方法：词尾一般以与之相应的基数词的词尾加th构成.(1) 特殊形式：first (第一),second (第二),third(第三).(2) 4-19 中不规那么拼法的序数词有：fifth , eighth, ninth , t

2、welfth o(3) 以ty结尾的词,要先变 y为i,再加eth,如：twenty -twentieth o(4) 基数词 几十几"变成序数词时,将个位数变成序数词,十位数不变,如： eighty - four eighty-fourth.(5) 序数词的缩写形式,由阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成,如：first-1st,twenty-third 23难点突破表示时刻可以照表上数字读, 如：8:15读作eight fifteeno还可以用另一种方法表达时间, 表 示 几点过几分",用介词past,分数须在30分钟以内(包括30分钟),如：6:20读作twenty

3、past six;表示几点差几分",用介词to,分数须在30分钟以上,如:4:58读作two to five.自我测评1. 用英语读出以下内容(1) Room 504(2) page 64(3) Exercise 18(4) Tel: 67834152(5) Feb24th (6) Oct 1st2. 朗读以下问题并答复(1) What's your telephone number?(2) How old is your father? When's your birthday?(4) What's the temperature today?(5) Whe

4、n is Children's Day?3. 将以下词组译成英语(1)二十个桃子 (2)两杯水(3)三年级 (4)月九日(5)第八课 (6)百只蝴蝶 Keys: (1) twenty peaches (2) two glasses of water(3) Grade Three (4) January, theninth/the ninth of January (5) Lesson Eight (6) one hundred butterflies8选词填空(1) Is your birthday on December the (thirty -one, thirty -first

5、)?(2) (nineteenth, nineteen) children in our class go to school by school bus.(3) My block has (twenty, twentieth) floors. I live on the (twelfth, twelve) floor.(4) Sandy is(second, two) years old. He is (eighty-fourth, eighty-four) centimeters tall.(5) How much is the English dictionary?It's (f

6、ifty -eight, fifty -eighth) yuan.(6) It was cold and rainy yesterday. It was (four, fourth) degrees.Keys: (1) thirty -firstThere were(seven, seventh) millimeters of rain.(6) four, seven(2) Nineteen (3) twenty, twelfth(4) two, eighty -four (5)fifty -eight、名词的数专题知识梳理知识点1:什么是名词？名词是表示人、动物、地点、物品以及抽象概念的词.

7、人：Jerry杰瑞artist 画家singer歌手teacher 教师boy男孩动物：dog狗lion狮子panda熊猫shark鲨鱼地点：airport机场park公园school学校library图书馆物品：pen钢笔eraser橡皮table桌子car汽车抽象概念：wish愿望peace和平war战争girl女孩cat猫beach海滩plane飞机知识点2:可数名词和不可数名词1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词一一可以数的名词不可数名词数不清(没有复数)Drink -milkteawaterorangejuicecokecoffeeporridgeFoodricebreadmea

8、tfishfruitcakea(an)连用,2、可数名词与不定冠词 a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词 没有复数形式many +可数名词复数much/a little +不可数名词some, any , a lot of lots of两者都可以修饰.3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词+量词+ of +名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法：1 some, much, a little, a lot of, a bit of, plenty of用等表示多少.注意既可以与可数名词复数,又

9、可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of, some, a lot of,lots of, most of 等.如 there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水.I ' ll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息.We should collect some useful information. 我们应该收集一些有用的消息.2用单位词表示.用a . of表小.如 a cup of 一杯 ,a bottle of 一瓶 a piece of 一张,a pair of shoes 一双鞋如 two cups of

10、tea 两杯茶,five pieces of paper 五张纸注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式；千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数.如 two hundred students 200 名学生ten thousand trees 10000 棵树测试点：He caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish或fishes=He caught a lot of fishes.The paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的.此处fi

11、sh表示不同种类的鱼,加复数词尾-es知识点3:可数名词分为单数和复数名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an.1单数如 a desk 张桌子an old desk 张旧书桌2复数：要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式规那么变化1一般情况下加-s如 book - books 书desk - desks 书桌2以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es如 box - boxes 盒子bus - buses公共汽车注意：以th结尾加-s, month-months stomach - stomachs3以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es.如 city-cities 城市 country - c

12、ountries国家注意以元音+y,直接加s.如：day - days天,boy - boys男孩4以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es如 knife knives书,half halves 半thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf注意： 有少数词后直接加 s,如roof-roofs 屋顶5以.结尾1辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如 tomato tomatoes西红柿potato potatoes土豆2元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如 piano pianos 钢琴, zoo zoos动物园photo photos

13、 照片, kangaroo kangaroos袋鼠, kilo kilos 千克 注意 zero 两种方式都可: zero zeros或 zeroes零不规那么变化1元音字母发变化.如 man-men男人,woman-women妇女tooth -teeth牙齿,foot -feet脚mouse-mice老鼠,policeman-policemen警察policewoman -policewomen 女警察2词尾发生变化.如 child -children 小孩,ox-oxen公牛3单、复数形式相同.如 fish-fish鱼,sheep-sheep绵羊,deer-deer鹿,Chinese-Ch

14、inese中国人, yuan-yuan元,jinn-jinn 斤注意： 不说 an English, 要说 an Englishman. fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数. fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼.4形似单数,实为复数意义.如 people人,人们 these people不说 a people, 可说 a personpolice 公安,警察ten police不说 a police,可说 a policeman5由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数.如 a man driver men drivers男司机a woman doct

15、or women doctors 女医生6合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数.如 passei-by passersby过路人bus driver bus drivers汽车司机注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s.如：grown-up grown-ups成年人letter-box letter-boxes 信 箱* 不规那么名词变复数口诀：男人女人a变e;鹅,足,牙齿oo变ee;其实老鼠也好记 ous变ic;孩子加上ren,鱼鹿绵羊不用记.注意： hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体.假设表示假设干根头发或假设干种水果,那么需用这两 个词的复数形式.如 Woul

16、d you like some more fruit?你要不要再吃点水果？We bought a lot of fruit from the market.我们从市场上买了 许多水果,China has some good fruits.中国有一些好的水果.指种类She has a few white hairs. 她有几要白头发.His black hair is going white.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色. wind, snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示屡次的风、雪或雨.注意以boy和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数.如 boy studen

17、t boy students男学生girlfriend girlfriends 女朋友7有些名词只有作复数.如 scissors剪刀,a pair of scissors把剪刀 ,trousers裤子, shorts短裤, jeans工装裤,compassed 两脚规,scales天平,sunglasses太阳镜,surroundings环境, savings储蓄, writings 作品名词+ manwoman构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把 manwoman改成 menwomen.如 Englishman Englishmen英国人Frenchwoman Frenchwo

18、men 法国妇女注意：German不是复合词,它的复数是Germans.二、专题精讲例题 1: There is good for you. I've found your lost watch.A. newsB. ideasC. messagesD. thoughts答案A.解析四个选项都是以s结尾的名词,其中 A为不可数名词,B、C、D为名 词的复数形式,句中用了连系动词is,所以只有A项正确.例题 2: My uncle will come to my house for dinner. I want to buy some to make a vegetable salad f

19、or him.A. meatB. tomatoesC. apple juice答案B.解析下文说制作蔬菜沙拉,应选蔬菜类的tomatoes.例题 3: The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert.A. farmersB. doctorsC. driversD.singers答案D.解析可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加“武根据school concert可知,需要挑选的是singers.例题 4: At night the koala bear gets up and eats.A. leafB. leaves

20、C. leafs答案B.解析考查名词leaf的复数形式. 以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时,一般将 f或fe变v后,加e&例题 5： The PLA man saved three lives in the accident.A. children ' sB. childrenC. childD.childs'答案A.解析考查名词所有格的用法.three后接复数children ,变名词所有格时直接 加“'s,应选A.例题 6: Come on, children. Help yourselves to some if you like.A. fish and c

21、hickenB. fishes and chickenC. fish and chickensD. fishes and chickens答案A.解析fish鱼肉和chicken鸡肉都是不可数名词.例题 7: All the teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th , because it was theirown holiday.A. manB. menC. womanD.women答案D.解析由时间on March 8th可知是妇女节,因此是女教师.女教师单数形式用woman teacher,复数形式两个词都要变为复数.应选 D.例题 8: Mr. Smith always has to tell us.A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of newesD. some piece of good newes答案A.解析考查名词的数的掌握.news意为 消息,